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| 1 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease显示文摘AIM:To clarify whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.METHODS:We carried out a prospective observational study with a total of 1637 apparently healthy Japanese men and women who were recruited from a health check-up program.NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography.The metabolic syndrome(MS)was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)ATP Ⅲ criteria.Five years after the baseline evaluations,the incidence of cardiovascular disease was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire.RESULTS:Among 1221 participants available for outcome analyses,the incidence of cardiovascular disease was higher in 231 subjects with NAFLD at baseline(5 coronary heart disease,6 ischemic stroke,and 1 cerebral hemorrhage)than 990 subjects without NAFLD(3 coronary heart disease,6 ischemic stroke,and 1 cerebral hemorrhage).Multivariate analyses indicated that NAFLD was a predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of conventional risk factors(odds ratio 4.12,95% CI,1.58 to 10.75,P = 0.004).MS was alsoindependently associated with cardiovascular events.But simultaneous inclusion of NAFLD and MS in a multivariate model revealed that NAFLD but not MS retained a statistically significant correlation with cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSION:Although both of them were predictors of cardiovascular disease,NAFLD but not MS retained a statistically significant correlation with cardiovascular disease in a multivariate model.NAFLD is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and may play a central role in the cardiovascular risk of MS. | Masahide Hamaguchi Takao Kojima Noriyuki Takeda Chisato Nagata Jun Takeda Hiroshi Sarui Yutaka Kawahito Naohisa Yoshida Atsushi Suetsugu Takahiro Kato Junichi Okuda Kazunori Ida Toshikazu Yoshikawa | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，10： | 55 |
| 2 | 全身MRI检查、全身扩散MR成像与一体化FDG PET/CT诊断M期非小细胞肺癌的对照性研究显示文摘目的对单纯全身扩散加权成像(DWI)、全身磁共振成像(MRI)结合DWI、单纯全身MRI以及一体化^18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT对于非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人M期的诊断价值进行前瞻陆直接对照研究。方法本研究经伦理委员会批准,所有受试者都签署了知情同意书。共计203例NSCLC病人(男109例,女94例,平均年龄72岁),进行了前瞻陛全身DWI、全身MRI和FDGPET/CT检。M期的最后诊断取决于所有影像检查和随访检查结果。 | Y.Ohno H.Koyama Y.Onishi D.Takenaka M.Nogami T. Yoshikawa 高莉 | 2008 | 国际医学放射学杂志2008，31，5： | 40 |
| 3 | Safe procedure in endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal tumors focused on preventing complications显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is efficient for en bloc resection of large colorectal tumors. However, it has several technical difficulties, because the wall of the colon is thin and due to the winding nature of the colon. The main complications of ESD comprise postoperative perforation and hemorrhage, similar to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). In particular, the rate of perforation in ESD is higher than that in EMR. Perforation of the colon can cause fatal peritonitis. Endoscopic clipping is reported to be an efficient therapy for perforation. Most cases with perforation are treated conservatively without urgent surgical intervention. However, the rate of postoperative hemorrhage in ESD is similar to that in EMR. Endoscopic therapy including endoscopic clipping is performed and most of the cases are treated conservatively without blood transfusion. In blood examination, some degree of inflammation is detected after ESD. For the standardization of ESD, it is most important to decrease the rate of perforation. Adopting a safe strategy for ESD and a suitable choice of knife are both important waysof preventing perforation. Moreover, appropriate training and increasing experience can improve the endoscopic technique and can decrease the rate of perforation. In this review, we describe safe procedures in ESD to prevent complications, the complications of ESD and their management. | Naohisa Yoshida Nobuaki Yagi Yuji Naito Toshikazu Yoshikawa | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，14： | 27 |
| 4 | Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has a decisive influence on the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.Although α-fetoprotein(AFP)is a known and specific tumor maker for HCC,it is not suitable for the screening and surveillance of HCC because of its poor predictive value and low sensitivity.The use of imaging modalities is essential for the screening,diagnosis and treatment of HCC.Ultrasound(US)plays a major role among them,because it provides realtime and non-invasive observation by a simple and easy technique.In addition, US-guided needle puncture methods are frequently required for the diagnosis and/or treatment process of HCC.The development of digital technology has led to the detection of blood flow by color Doppler US, and the sensitivity for detecting tumor vascularity has shown remarkable improvement with the introduction of microbubble contrast agents.Moreover,near real- time 3-dimensional US images are now available.As for the treatment of HCC,high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)was developed as a novel technology that provides a transcutaneous ablation effect without needle puncture.These advancements in the US field have led to rapid progress in HCC management,and continuing advances are expected.This article reviews the current application of US for HCC in clinical practice. | Hitoshi Maruyama Masaharu Yoshikawa Osamu Yokosuka | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 24 |
| 5 | New Technologies and Systems for High Quality Citrus Fruit Production, Labor-saving and Orchard Construction in Mountain Areas of Japan显示文摘Novel technologies have been necessary for improving fruit quality and productivity of citrus, labor-saving and orchard conservation on steep slope lands since aging of growers and decrease in the number of successors is remarkable in mountain areas of southwestern Japan. The purpose of this paper is to introduce new technologies for improving citrus production that have been developed in recent years. A new fruit quality control system using drip irrigation and liquid fertilization technique combined with year-round plastic mulching was developed, and it enables high quality and stable citrus fruit production. Water and/or nutrient solution is automatically supplied through drip tubes that are laid under the mulching sheets to give adequate water stress, so as to improve sugar and acid content of fruit. A new transportation system for steep sloping citrus orchards, which is a combination of the monorail system and contour narrow paths, was suggested. A small walking cultivator was developed to explain the procedure of narrow path excavation. After introducing the narrow path, working hours for fertilizer and chemical herbicide application were reduced. Disaster prevention mapping of citrus orchards on slope lands was developed based on computer-aided seepage estimation and topographic data. The mapping can show zones of both ascending flow and descending flow of underground water during heavy rains in citrus orchards. The mapping is considered to be effective for the management of orchards and prevention of erosion on slope lands. | Kunihisa MORINAGA Osamu SUMIKAWA Osamu KAWAMOTO Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA Seiji NAKAO Masahiko SHIMAZAKI Shin-no-suke KUSABA Norihiro HOSHI | 2005 | Journal of Mountain Science2005，2，1： | 21 |
| 6 | Urgent endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy for acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis-induced sepsis显示文摘Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis(AOSC) due to biliary lithiasis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent biliary decompression. Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with stent placement is the current gold standard for biliary decompression, it can sometimes be difficult because of failed biliary cannulation. In this retrospective case series, we describe three cases of successful biliary drainage with recovery from septic shock after urgent endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy(EUS-CDS) was performed for AOSC due to biliary lithiasis. In all three cases, technical success in inserting the stents was achieved and the patients completely recovered from AOSC with sepsis in a few days after EUS-CDS. There were no procedure-related complications. When initial ERCP fails, EUS-CDS can be an effective life-saving endoscopic biliary decompression procedure that shortens the procedure time and prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis, particularly in patients with AOSC-induced sepsis. | Kosuke Minaga Masayuki Kitano Hajime Imai Kentaro Yamao Ken Kamata Takeshi Miyata Shunsuke Omoto Kumpei Kadosaka Tomoe Yoshikawa Masatoshi Kudo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，16： | 18 |
| 7 | SARS揭示新发传染病对人类健康的威胁显示文摘 | 秦川 Yasuhiro Yoshikawa 张连峰 | 2005 | 中国实验动物学报2005，13，3： | 16 |
| 8 | Promoted differentiation of cynomolgus monkey ES cells into hepatocyte-like cells by co-culture with mouse fetal liver-derived cells显示文摘AIM: To explore whether a co-culture of cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem (cES) cells with embryonic liver cells could promote their differentiation into hepatocytes. METHODS: Mouse fetal liver-derived cells (MFLCs) were prepared as adherent cells from mouse embryos on embryonic d (ED) 14, after which undifferentiated cES cells were co-cultured with MFLCs. The induction of cES cells along a hepatic lineage was examined in MFLC- assisted differentiation, spontaneous differentiation, and growth factors (GF) and chemicals-induced differentiations (GF-induced differentiation) using retinoic acid, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), FGF2, FGF4, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), oncostatin M (OSM), and dexamethasone. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of α-fetoprotein, albumin (ALB), α-1-antitrypsin, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α was observed earlier in the differentiating cES cells co-cultured with MFLCs, as compared to cES cells undergoing spontaneous differentiation and those subjected to GF-induced differentiation. The expression of cytochrome P450 7a1, a possible marker for embryonic endoderm-derived mature hepatocytes, was only observed in cES cells that had differentiated in a co-culture with MFLCs. Further, the disappearance of Oct3/4, a representative marker of an undifferentiated state, was noted in cells co-cultured with MFLCs, but not in those undergoing spontaneous or GF-induced differentiation. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed an increased ratio of ALB-immunopositive cells among cES cells co-cultured with MFLCs, while glycogen storageand urea synthesis were also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: MFLCs showed an ability to induce cES cells to differentiate toward hepatocytes. The co-culture system with MFLCs is a useful method for induction of hepatocyte-like cells from undifferentiated cES cells. | Ko Saito Masahide Yoshikawa Yukiteru Ouji Kei Moriya Mariko Nishiofuku Shigehiko Ueda Noriko Hayashi Shigeaki Ishizaka Hiroshi Fukui | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，42： | 11 |
| 9 | Lansoprazole ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect of lansoprazoleon ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced rat intestinalmucosal injury in vivo.METHODS: Intestinal damage was induced by clampingboth the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunkfor 30 rain followed by reperfusion in male Sprague-Dawleyrats. lansoprazole was given to rats intraperitoneally 1 hbefore vascular clamping.RESULTS: Both the intraluminal hemoglobin and proteinlevels, as indices of mucosal damage, significantlyincreased in I/R-groups comparion with those of sham-operation groups. These increases in intraluminal hemoglobinand protein levels were significantly inhibited by the treatmentwith lansoprazole at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Small intestineexposed to I/R resulted in mucosal inflammation that wascharacterized by significant increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), tissue-associatedmyeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and mucosal content of ratcytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1).These increases in TBARS, MPO activities and CINC-1 contentin the intestinal mucosa after I/R were all inhibited bypretreatment with lansoprazole at a dose of 1 mg/kg.Furthermore, the CINC-1 mRNA expression was increasedduring intestinal I/R, and this increase in mRNA expressionwas inhibited by treatment with lansoprazole.CONCLUSION: Lansoprazole inhibits lipid peroxidation andreduces development of intestinal mucosal inflammationinduced by I/R in rats, suggesting that lansoprazole mayhave a therapeutic potential for I/R injury. | Hiroshi Ichikawa Norimasa Yoshida Tomohisa Takagi Naoya Tomatsuri Kazuhiro Katada Yutaka Isozaki Kazuhiko Uchiyama Yuji Naito Takeshi Okanoue Toshikazu Yoshikawa | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，19： | 10 |
| 10 | Cyclooxygenase-2 expression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy correlates with more frequent esophageal cancer recurrence显示文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX-2 and VEGF expression in 40 patients with histologically-confirmed esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) who were undergoing preoperative CRT. RESULTS: Fourteen out of 40 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were observed in the cytoplasm of 17 and 13 tumors, respectively, with null expression in 9 and 13 tumors, respectively. COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with VEGF expression (P < 0.05). There were also significant associations between COX-2 expression, tumor recurrence, and lymph-node involvement (P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0095, respectively). COX-2 expression and VEGF expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival (log-rank test; P = 0.0073 and P = 0.0341, respectively), but not for overall survival, as assessed by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF expression and might be a useful prognostic factor for more frequent tumor recurrence in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT. These findings support the use of anti-angiogenic COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of ESCC. | Reigetsu Yoshikawa Yoshinori Fujiwara Kenji Koishi Syoudou Kojima Tomohiro Matsumoto Hidenori Yanagi Takehira Yamamura Tomoko Hashimoto-Tamaoki Takashi Nishigami Tohru Tsujimura | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，16： | 9 |
| 11 | 一种新的精炼太阳能级多晶硅工艺的热力学分析(英文)显示文摘提出了一种新的硅精炼工艺生产太阳能级多晶硅,即Si-Al熔体低温凝固精炼硅技术。通过杂质在固相硅和Si-Al熔体中的分离热力学分析研究了采用Si-Al熔体分区凝固精炼硅的可行性。用温度梯度区域熔炼法来测定磷和硼的分离比,采用热力学计算金属杂质的分离比。新工艺具有很小的杂质低温分离比,表明其有很好的精炼能力。采用感应加热分区凝固实验进行验证;对Si-Al合金定向凝固中硅晶体生长进行了研究,结果表明,硅晶体的生长过程是受扩散控制的。 | Kazuki Morita Takeshi Yoshikawa | 2011 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2011，21，3： | 9 |
| 12 | 新辅助化疗后行腹腔镜辅助胃切除术治疗晚期胃癌显示文摘目前治疗晚期胃癌的方法为开腹胃切除及D2淋巴结清扫并在术后行S-1或卡倍他滨加奥沙利铂辅助化疗。然而III期胃癌患者的预后并不理想。为了提高生存率,需要加大化疗药物的剂量。鉴于患者接受二联或三联化疗的顺应性差,新辅助化疗将是一个充满前景的方法。目前在东亚国家,正进行多项III期临床试验用于评估新辅助化疗效果。另一方面,手术治疗方法已倾向于行腹腔镜手术。在日本和韩国已经进行了多项III期临床试验评估腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除(LADG)在早期和晚期患者中的疗效。因此,未来标准治疗肿瘤位于中、下1/3晚期胃癌的候选方案由综合治疗组成,包括新辅助化疗及随后的LADG。只要新辅助化疗是按标准实施,随后的腹腔镜胃切除术的可行性、安全性及长期生存率是有保障的。在这个背景下,我们实施了一项随机II期临床试验比较新辅助化疗后LADG和开腹远端胃切除术(ODG)治疗胃癌的疗效。 | Takaki Yoshikawa Takashi Oshima Yasushi Rino Munetaka Masuda | 2013 | 中国普通外科杂志2013，22，10： | 9 |
| 13 | Persistent CXCR4 expression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy predicts early recurrence and poor prognosis in esophageal cancer显示文摘AIM: To study the effect of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression on disease progression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. METHODS: CXCR4 expression was evaluated in 37 patients with histologically confirmed esophageal squamous carcinomas (ESCC) undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Eleven out of 37 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. CXCR4 protein expression was observed in cell cytoplasms of 13 tumors, and null expression was seen in 13 tumors. Distant recurrence was significantly more common in patients with positive CXCR4 expression (P = 0.0318). After a median follow-up time of 31.6 mo, 19 patients progressed (12 of 19 expressed positive CXCR4) and 11 died (10 of 11 expressed positive CXCR4). Overall survival was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (952.1 ± 53.8 d in negative group vs 475.1 ± 56.2 d in positive group, P = 0.023), distant metastasis (874.0 ± 60.4 d in negative group vs 434.9 ± 75.2 d in positive group, P = 0.014) and CRT (811.5 ± 51.2 d in responder group vs 459.6 ± 94.0 d in non-responder group, P = 0.00038) and further with an absence ofCXCR4 expression or no residual tumor (959.8 ± 51.0 d in null expression or no tumor group vs 412.0 ± 57.1 d in positive expression group, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Persistent positive CXCR4 expression is implicated in tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in ESCC after CRT, and preoperative CRT may improve the prognosis of ESCC via CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling pathway. | Kenji Koishi Reigetsu Yoshikawa Tohru Tsujimura Tomoko Hashimoto-Tamaoki Syoudou Kojima Hidenori Yanagi Takehira Yamamura Yoshinori Fujiwara | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，47： | 9 |
| 14 | Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells promoted by Nkx2.2 gene transfer显示文摘AIM: To investigate the ability of a genetically altered embryonic stem (ES) cell line to generate insulin-producing cells in vitro following transfer of the Nkx2.2 gene.METHODS: Hamster Nkx2.2 genes were transferred into mouse ES cells. Parental and Nkx2.2-transfected ES cells were initiated toward differentiation in embryoid body (EB)culture for 5 d and the resulting EBs were transferred to an attached culture system. Dithizone (DTZ), a zincchelating agent known to selectively stain pancreatic beta cells, was used to detect insulin-producing cells.The outgrowths were incubated in DTZ solution (final concentration, 100 μg/mL) for 15 min before being examined microscopically. Gene expression of the endocrine pancreatic markers was also analyzed by RT-PCR. In addition, insulin production was determined immunohistochemically and its secretion was examined using an ELISA.RESULTS: DTZ-stained cellular clusters appeared after approximately 14 d in the culture of Nkx2.2-transfected ES cells (Nkx-ES cells), which was as much as 2 wk earlier, than those in the culture of parental ES cells (wt-ES). The frequency of DTZ-positive cells among total cultured cells on day 28 accounted for approximately 1.0% and 0.1% of the Nkx-ES- and wt-ES-derived EB outgrowths, respectively. The DTZ-positive cellular clusters were found to be immunoreactive to insulin, while the gene expressions of pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1(PDX1), proinsulin 1 and proinsulin 2 were observed in the cultures that contained DTZ-positive cellular clusters.Insulin secretion was also confirmed by ELISA, whereas glucose-dependent secretion was not demonstrated.CONCLUSION: Nkx2.2-transfected ES cells showed an ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. | Akira Shiroi Shigehiko Ueda Yukiteru Ouji Ko Saito Kei Moriya Yuko Sugie Hiroshi Fukui Shigeaki Ishizaka Masahide Yoshikawa | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，27： | 9 |
| 15 | Biomarkers in autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related disease显示文摘Solitary organ autoimmune disorders,formerly known as autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP),autoimmune sialadenitis,and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis,are now considered organ-specific manifestations of systemic immunoglobulin G4-related disease(IgG4-RD).AIP and IgG4-RD are characterized by elevated serum concentration of IgG4 antibody(Ab),accumulation of IgG4-expressing plasmacytes in the affected organs,and involvement of multiple organs.It is well established that enhanced IgG4 Ab responses are a hallmark of AIP and IgG4-RD for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.However,a significant fraction of patients with AIP and IgG4-RD who develop chronic fibroinflammatory responses have normal serum concentrations of this IgG subtype.In addition,disease flare-up is sometimes seen even in the presence of normalized serum concentrations of IgG4 Ab after successful induction of remission by prednisolone.Therefore,it is necessary to identify new biomarkers based on the understanding of the pathophysiology of AIP and IgG4-RD.Recently,we found that activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells producing both interferon-α(IFN-α)and interleukin-33(IL-33)mediate murine AIP and human IgG4-RD.More importantly,we provided evidence that serum concentrations of IFN-αand IL-33 could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of AIP and IgG4-RD activity after induction of remission in these autoimmune disorders.In this Frontier article,we have summarized and discussed biomarkers of AIP and IgG4-RD,including Igs,autoAbs,and cytokines to provide useful information not only for clinicians but also for researchers. | Akane Hara Tomohiro Watanabe Kosuke Minaga Tomoe Yoshikawa Ken Kamata Masatoshi Kudo | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，19： | 8 |
| 16 | Hybrid Rubisco with Complete Replacement of Rice Rubisco Small Subunits by Sorghum Counterparts Confers C4 Plant-like High Catalytic Activity显示文摘Photosynthetic rate at the present atmospheric condition is limited by the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)because of its extremely low catalytic rate(kcat)and poor affinity for C02(Kc)and specificity for CO2(Sc/O).Rubisco in C4 plants generally shows higher k cat than that in C3 plants.Rubisco consists of eight large subunits and eight small subunits(RbcS).Previously,the chimeric incorporation of sorghum C4-type RbcS significantly increased the k cat of Rubisco in a C3 plant,rice.In this study,we knocked out rice RbcS multigene family using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and completely replaced rice RbcS with sorghum RbcS in rice Rubisco.Obtained hybrid Rubisco showed almost C4 plant-like catalytic properties,i.e.,higher kcai,higher Kc,and lower Sc/O.Transgenic lines expressing the hybrid Rubisco accumulated reduced levels of Rubisco,whereas they showed slightly but significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and similar biomass production under high C 02 condition compared with wild-type rice.High-resolution crystal structural analysis of the wild-type Rubisco and hybrid Rubisco revealed the structural differences around the central pore of Rubisco and the pC-pD hairpin in RbcS.We propose that such differences,particularly in the pC-pD hairpin,may impact the flexibility of Rubisco catalytic site and change its catalytic properties. | Hiroyoshi Matsumura Keita Shiomi Akito Yamamoto Yuri Taketani Noriyuki Kobayashi Takuya Yoshizawa Shun-ichi Tanaka Hiroki Yoshikawa Masaki Endo Hiroshi Fukayama | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，11： | 8 |
| 17 | Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and has a high mortality rate.It is difficult to diagnose early mainly due to the lack of screening imaging modalities and specific biomarkers.Consequently,it is important to develop biomarkers that enable the detection of early stage tumors.Emerging evidence is accumulating that tumor cells release substantial amounts of RNA into the bloodstream that strongly resist RNases in the blood and are present at sufficient levels for quantitative analyses.These circulating RNAs are upregulated in the serum and plasma of cancer patients,including those with pancreatic cancer,compared with healthy controls.The majority of RNA biomarker studies have assessed circulating microRNAs(miRs),which are often tissue-specific.There are few reports of the tumorspecific upregulation of other types of small noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as small nucleolar RNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs.Long ncRNAs(IncRNAs),such as HOTAIR and MALAT1,in the serum/plasma of pancreatic cancer patients have also been reported as diagnostic and prognostic markers.Among tissuederived RNAs,some miRs show increased expression even in pre-cancerous tissues,and their expression profiles may allow for the discrimination between a chronic inflammatory state and carcinoma.Additionally,some miRs and IncRNAs have been reported with significant alterations in expression according to disease progression,and they may thus represent potential candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that may be used to evaluate patients once detection methods in peripheral blood are well established.Furthermore,recent innovations in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled the discovery of unannotated tumor-associated ncRNAs and tumor-specific alternative splicing as novel and specific biomarkers of cancers.Although much work is required to clarify the release mechanism,origin of tumor-specific circulating RNAs,and selectivity of carrier complexes,and technical advances must also be achieved,such as creating a consensus normalization protocol for quantitative data analysis,circulating RNAs are largely unexplored and might represent novel clinical biomarkers. | Takahiro Kishikawa Motoyuki Otsuka Motoko Ohno Takeshi Yoshikawa Akemi Takata Kazuhiko Koike | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 8 |
| 18 | Diagnostic and therapeutic application of noncoding RNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) are small,noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally,targeting thousands of messenger RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs),another class of noncoding RNAs,have been determined to be also involved in transcription regulation and translation of target genes. Since deregulated expression levels or functions of miR NAs and lncR NAs in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) are frequently observed,clinical use of noncoding RNAs for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the management of HCCs is highly and emergently e xpe c t e d. H e r e,we s ummar iz e r e c e nt f indings regarding deregulated mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for their potential clinical use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC. Specifically,we emphasize the deregulated expression levels of such noncoding RNAs in patients' sera as noninvasive biomarkers,a field that requires urgent improvement in the clinical surveillance of HCC. Since nucleotide-based strategies are being applied to clinical therapeutics,we further summarize clinical and preclinical trials using oligonucleotides involving the use of miR NAs and small interfering RNAs against HCC as novel therapeutics. Finally,we discuss current open questions,which must be clarified in the near future for realistic clinical applications of these new strategies. | Chikako Shibata Motoyuki Otsuka Takahiro Kishikawa Motoko Ohno Takeshi Yoshikawa Akemi Takata Kazuhiko Koike | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，1： | 7 |
| 19 | Characterization of CD133^+ parenchymal cells in the liver:Histology and culture显示文摘AIM:To reveal the characteristics of CD133+ cells in the liver.METHODS:This study examined the histological characteristics of CD133+ cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic liver tissues by immunostaining,and also analyzed the biological characteristics of CD133+ cells derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.RESULTS:Immunostaining revealed constant expression of CD133 in non-neoplastic and neoplastic biliary epithelium,and these cells had the immunophenotype CD133+/CK19+/HepPar-1-.A small number of CD133+/CK19-/HepPar-1+ cells were also identified in HCC and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma.In addition,small ductal structures,resembling the canal of Hering,partly surrounded by hepatocytes were positive for CD133.CD133 expression was observed in three HCC(HuH7,PLC5 and HepG2) and two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(HuCCT1 and CCKS1).Fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS) revealed that CD133+ and CD133-cells derived from HuH7 and HuCCT1 cells similarly produced CD133+ and CD133-cells during subculture.To examine the relationship between CD133+ cells and the side population(SP) phenotype,FACS was performed using Hoechst 33342 and a monoclonal antibody against CD133.The ratios of CD133+/CD133-cells were almost identical in the SP and non-SP in HuH7.In addition,four different cellular populations(SP/CD133+,SP/CD133-,non-SP/CD133+,and non-SP/CD133-) could similarly produce CD133+ and CD133-cells during subculture.CONCLUSION:This study revealed that CD133 could be a biliary and progenitor cell marker in vivo.However,CD133 alone is not sufficient to detect tumor-initiating cells in cell lines. | Seiichi Yoshikawa Yoh Zen Takahiko Fujii Yasunori Sato Tetsuo Ohta Yutaka Aoyagi Yasuni Nakanuma | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，39： | 6 |
| 20 | Computer-generated holograms for 3D display(Invited Paper)显示文摘We have been studying various types of computer-generated holograms for three-dimensional (3D) displays both for a real-time holographic video display and a hard copy, or a printed hologram. For the hard copy output, we have developed a direct fringe printer, which is achieved to print over 100 gigapixels computer-generated hologram with 0.44-μm pitch. In this paper, we introduce our recent progresses on the rainbow hologram, the cylindrical holograms, and the disk hologram for 3D display. | Hiroshi Yoshikawa Takeshi Yamaguchi | 2009 | Chinese Optics Letters2009，7，12： | 6 |
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