|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?显示文摘Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or 'dysbiosis' is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity(including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRM), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years. | Georgina L Hold Megan Smith Charlie Grange Euan Robert Watt Emad M El-Omar Indrani Mukhopadhya | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 21 |
| 2 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——建议冬季口服益生菌以减少应用抗生素治疗哮喘的随机对照试验显示文摘目的有研究表明儿童口服益生菌能预防呼吸道感染,从而可以减少抗生素的使用。本研究探讨了哮喘患者在冬季口服益生菌以减少应用抗生素治疗呼吸道感染的建议是否可行。方法本研究在英国1家社区医疗中心开展了随机对照试验。研究对象为5岁及以上的哮喘患者。干预措施是向哮喘患者发放传单,这种传单和普通的建议人们在冬季如何减少呼吸道感染或哮喘发作的传单不同,其内容为建议人们于2013年10月—2014年3月每日服用益生菌来减少这些疾病的发生。以研究对象中使用抗生素来治疗呼吸道感染的人数占总人数的比例作为评价结果的指标。结果 1 302例研究对象被随机分为对照组(n=650)和干预组(n=652)。干预组、对照组分别有27.7%、26.9%的患者应用了抗生素治疗呼吸道感染,两组间差异无统计学意义〔OR=1.04,95%CI(0.82,1.34)〕。服用益生菌量不多的患者在应用抗生素治疗呼吸道感染的人数比例上和对照组相比也相近〔调整后的OR=1.08,95%CI(0.69,1.69)〕。也未发现服用益生菌对治疗呼吸道感染或者哮喘急性发作有何作用。结论本研究中未发现有证据支持在冬季口服益生菌以减少使用抗生素来治疗呼吸道感染的建议。 | SMITH T D WATT H GUNN L 本刊编辑部 | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，34： | 11 |
| 3 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 4 | The effects of vegetation on the perception of traffic noise 显示文摘 | Watts G Chinn L Godlfrey N | 1999 | Applied Acoustics1999，56，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of dynamic exer- cise intensity on the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in human skeletal muscle 显示文摘 | Watt M J George JF Lawrence L | 2003 | J Physiol2003，547，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Conservatism in accounting parti : explanations and implications显示文摘 | Watts R L | 2003 | Accounting Horizons2003，17，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Innovation forecasting 显示文摘 | Watts R J Porter A L | 1997 | Technological Forecasting and Social Change1997，56，： | 1 |
| 8 | The Relation between Earnings and Cash Flows显示文摘 | DECHOW P M KOTHARI S P WATTS R L | 1998 | Journal of Accounting and Economics1998，25，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Conservatism in accounting Part Ⅰ : ex- planations and implications显示文摘 | Watts R L | 2003 | Accounting Horizons2003，17，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Endothelin-1 increases vascular superoxide via endothelin(A)-NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin hypertension显示文摘 | Li L Fink GD Watts SW | 2003 | Circulation2003，107，： | 1 |
| 11 | Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards显示文摘 | WATTS R L ZIMMERMAN J L | 1978 | Accounting Review1978，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The imformation role of conservatism显示文摘 | Laford R Watts R L | 2008 | The Accounting Review Forthcoming2008，83，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Isolation and partial characterisation of immunoglobulin from southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii Castelnau显示文摘 | Watts M Munday B L Burke C M | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 14 | Conservatism in accounting partⅠ:explanations and implications显示文摘 | Watts R L | 2003 | Accounting Horizons2003，17，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Stock prices and top management changes显示文摘 | Warner J B Watts R L Wruck K H | 1988 | Journal of Financial Eco-nomics1988，20，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis: what will they think of next?显示文摘 | Wallis J G Watts J L Browse J | 2002 | Trends Biochem Sci2002，27，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Mafic dikes displacing Witwatersrand gold reefs: evidence against metamorphic-hy drothermal ore formation显示文摘 | Meier D L Heinrich C A Watts M A | 2009 | Geology2009，37，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Improved classification of conservation tillage adoption using high temporal and synthetic satellite imagery显示文摘 | Watts J D Powell S L Lawrence R L | 2011 | Remote Sensing of Environment2011，115，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Decentralization of the firm:theory and evidence显示文摘 | CHRISTIE A A JOYE M P WATTS R L | 2003 | Journal of Corporate Finance2003，9，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Conservatism in accounting Part Ⅱ: evidence and research opportunities 显示文摘 | Watts R L | 2003 | Accounting Hori- zons2003，17，4： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员