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| 1 | 建筑全能耗分析软件Energy Plus及其应用显示文摘介绍了新一代建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus的基本原理、特点和新功能及其与DOE 2的比较 ,并将其应用于某一实际的建筑冷热电联产系统的模拟 。 | 潘毅群 吴刚 Volker Hartkopf | 2004 | 暖通空调2004，34，9： | 73 |
| 2 | 华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系氮肥的氨挥发显示文摘利用可多点原位测定氨挥发的风洞系统,监测了华北平原2002-2004年冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系传统和优化氮肥管理下的氨挥发损失.结果表明,氨挥发主要发生在施肥后2-3周内,以施肥后连续采样15d的氨挥发累积量作为总排放量,相同施氮量下生长季夏玉米的氨挥发大于冬小麦.优化处理的氨挥发平均损失率(35.9%)显著高于传统处理(20.9%),但从氨挥发绝对量上看,传统处理为125.1kg N/hm^2,优化处理为42.3kg N/hm^2,降幅达66.2%.施肥和灌水方式显著影响氨挥发,撒施碳铵后翻耕的氨挥发损失为10.1%,追肥撒施的氨挥发损失平均为24.6%;撒施尿素后立即灌水,氨挥发损失为19.7%,5h后灌水氨挥发损失为34.0%,增加了72.6%. | 苏芳 丁新泉 高志岭 黄彬香 陈新平 张福锁 Martin Kogge Volker Rmheld | 2007 | 中国环境科学2007，27，3： | 60 |
| 3 | 不同氮肥形态的氨挥发损失比较显示文摘利用从德国引进的农田土壤氨挥发风洞法测定系统,对不同N肥形态的肥料进行对比实验。结果表明,在相同施N量条件下,硝酸铵、硝酸铵钙、硫硝酸铵的氨挥发损失分别比尿素减少22.5%、3.2%和8.3%,不同N肥的氨挥发损失差异很大。相同条件下,尿素的氨挥发损失为25.7%,添加DMPP后氨挥发损失为27.6%;硫硝酸铵的氨挥发损失为18.6%,添加DMPP后为20.6%;添加DMPP对尿素和硫硝酸铵的氨挥发影响不显著。 | 苏芳 黄彬香 丁新泉 高志岭 陈新平 张福锁 Kogge Martin Rmheld Volker | 2006 | 土壤2006，38，6： | 41 |
| 4 | UGT1A1 gene polymorphism: Impact on toxicity and efficacy of irinotecan-based regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate the correlation between uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms and irinotecan-associated side effects and parameters of drug efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving a low-dose weekly irinotecan chemotherapeutic regimen. METHODS: Genotypes were retrospectively evaluated by gene scan analysis on the ABI 310 sequencer of the TATAA box in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene in blood samples from 105 patients who had received 1st line irinotecan-based chemotherapy for mCRC. RESULTS: The distribution of the genotypes was as follows: wild type genotype (WT) (6/6 ) 39.0%, heterozygous genotype (6/7) 49.5%, and homozygous genotype (7/7) 9.5%. The overall response rate (OR) was similar between patients carrying the (6/7, 7/7) or the WT genotype (6/6) (44.3% vs 43.2%, P = 0.75). Neither time to progression [(TTP) 8.1 vs 8.2 mo, P = 0.97] nor overall survival [(OS) 21.2 vs 18.9 mo, P = 0.73] differed significantly in patients who carried the(6/6) when compared to the (6/7, 7/7) genotype. No significant differences in toxicity were observed: Grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhoea [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 13.0% vs 6.2%, P =0.08], treatment delays [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 25.1% vs 19.3%, P = 0.24] or dose reductions [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 21.5% vs 27.2%, P = 0.07].CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates the non-significant influence of the UGT1A1 gene polymorphism on efficacy and rate of irinotecan-associated toxicity in mCRC patients receiving low-dose irinotecan based chemotherapy. | Christoph Schulz Volker Heinemann Andreas Schalhorn Nikolas Moosmann Thomas Zwingers Stefan Boeck Clemens Giessen Hans-Joachim Stemmler | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，40： | 31 |
| 5 | HCV-RNA positivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic HCV-infection: does it really mean viral replication?显示文摘AIM To analyze the association of HCV-RNA with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)and to answer the question whether HCV-RNA positivity in PBMC is due to viral replication,METHODS HCV-RNA was monitored in serumand PBMC preparations from 15 patients with chronic HCV infection before, during and after an IFN-α therapy using a nested RT/ PCRtechnique. In a second approach, PBMC from healthy donors were incubated in HCV positive plasma.RESULTS In the IFN-α responding patients,HCV-RNA disappeared first from total RNApreparations of PBMC and then from serum. In contrast, in relapsing patients, HCV-RNAreappeared first in serum and then in PBMC. A quantitative analysis of the HCV-RNAconcentration in serum was performed before and after transition from detectable to nondetectable HCV-RNA in PBMC-RNA and vice versa. When HCV-RNA was detectable in PBMCpreparations, the HCV concentration in serum was significantly higher than the serum HCV-RNA concentration when HCV-RNA in PBMC was not detectable. Furthermore, at no time during the observation period was HCV specific RNA observed in PBMC, if HCV-RNA in serum was under the detection limit. Incubation of PBMCfrom healthy donors with several dilutions of HCV positive plasma for two hours showed a concentration-dependent PCR-positivity for HCV-RNA in reisolated PBMC.CONCLUSION The detectability of HCV-RNA in total RNA from PBMC seems to depend on the HCV concentration in serum. Contamination or passive adsorption by circulating virus could be the reason for detection of HCV-RNA in PBMCpreparations of chronically infected patients. | Volker Meier Sabine Mihm Perdita Wietzke-Braun Guliano Ramadori | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，2： | 29 |
| 6 | Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis显示文摘AIM: Although an association between helatic steatosis and vascular risk factors has been described, direct relationships between fatty liver and atherosclerosis have not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study has been to investigate those relationships.METHODS: The Study of Health in Pomerania examined a random population sample aged between 20 and 79 years.A study population of 4 222 subjects without hepatitis B and C infections and without liver cirrhosis was available for the present analysis. Hepatic steatosis was defined sonographically and intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as plaque prevalence were estimated by carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: The prevalence rate of hepatic steatosis was 29.9%. Among subjects aged ≥45 years, an association between hepatic steatosis and IMT of the carotid arteries was found in bivariate analysis, but not after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors. Individuals with fatty liver had more often carotid plaques than persons without fatty liver (plaque prevalence rate 76.8% vs 66.6%; P<0.001).This association persisted after adjustment for confounding factors and was predominantly present in subjects with no to mild alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION: There is an independent association between hepatic steatosis and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Metabolic changes due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may explain this relationship. | Henry V(o|¨)lzke Daniel M.Robinson Volker Kleine Roland Deutscher Wolfgang Hoffmann Jan Lüdemann Ulf Schminke Christof Kessler Ulrich John | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，12： | 29 |
| 7 | Hepatitis B virus morphogenesis显示文摘The hepatitis B virus (HBV) particle consists of an envelope containing three related surface proteins and probably lipid and an icosahedral nucleocapsid of approximately 30 nm diameter enclosing the viral DNA genome and DNA polymerase. The capsid is formed in the cytosol of the infected cell during packaging of an RNA pregenome replication complex by multiple copies of a 21-kDa C protein. The capsid gains the ability to bud during synthesis of the viral DNA genome by reverse transcription of the pregenome in the lumen of the particle. The three envelope proteins S, M, and L shape a complex transmembrane fold at the endoplasmic reticulum, and form disulfide-linked homo- and heterodimers. The transmembrane topology of a fraction of the large envelope protein L changes post- translationally, therefore, the N terminal domain of L (preS) finally appears on both sides of the membrane. During budding at an intracellular membrane, a short linear domain in the cytosolic preS region interacts with binding sites on the capsid surface. The virions are subsequently secreted into the blood. In addition, the surface proteins can bud in the absence of capsids and form subviral lipoprotein particles of 20 nm diameter which are also secreted. | Volker Bruss | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 26 |
| 8 | Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health显示文摘The complex gut microbial flora harbored by individuals(microbiota) has long been proposed to contribute tointestinal health as well as disease. Pre-and probioticproducts aimed at improving health by modifyingmicrobiota composition have already become widelyavailable and acceptance of these products appearsto be on the rise. However, although required forthe development of effective microbiota basedinterventions, our basic understanding of microbiotavariation on a population level and its dynamics withinindividuals is still rudimentary. Powerful new parallelsequence technologies combined with other efficientmolecular microbiota analysis methods now allow forcomprehensive analysis of microbiota composition inlarge human populations. Recent fi ndings in the fi eldstrongly suggest that microbiota contributes to thedevelopment of obesity, atopic diseases, inflammatorybowel diseases and intestinal cancers. Through theongoing National Institutes of Health Roadmap 'HumanMicrobiome Project' and similar projects in other partsof the world, a large coordinated effort is currentlyunderway to study how microbiota can impact humanhealth. Translating findings from these studies intoeffective interventions that can improve health,possibly personalized based on an individuals existingmicrobiota, will be the task for the next decade(s). | Volker Mai Peter V Draganov | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 21 |
| 9 | 田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定──风洞法显示文摘详细介绍了农田土壤氨挥发风洞法测定系统的原理、构造和特点,并通过回收率试验和田间试验进行了验证。所选用的德国风洞主要包括采样箱、采样系统和控制系统3部分,系统内部的气压、温度、湿度、风速等微气象条件接近自然环境条件,测量结果有较好的代表性。回收实验结果表明,回收率为90%,说明风洞的密闭性和浓度分布的均匀程度较好,适合于土壤氨挥发的多处理、多重复的田间原位测定,尤其适用于多因子对比实验。风洞法测定不受天气的影响,对实验区面积要求不高,重复性及可靠性较好,不仅可以测定农田土壤的氨挥发,还可以测定有机肥贮存和施用以及各种肥料形态的氨挥发状况。 | 黄彬香 苏芳 丁新泉 胡小康 高志岭 陈新平 张福锁 Kogge Martin Rmheld Volker | 2006 | 土壤2006，38，6： | 21 |
| 10 | Current clinical approach to achalasia显示文摘Idiopathic achalasia is a rare primary motility disorder of the esophagus. The classical features are incomplete relaxation of a frequently hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and a lack of peristalsis in the tubular esophagus. These motor abnormalities lead to dysphagia, stasis, regurgitation, weight loss, or secondary respiratory complications. Although major strides have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this rare disorder, including a probable autoimmune mediated destruction of inhibitory neurons in response to an unknown insult in genetically susceptible individuals, a definite trigger has not been identified. The diagnosis of achalasia is suggested by clinical features and conf irmed by further diagnostic tests, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), manometry or barium swallow. These studies are not only used to exclude pseudoachalasia, but also might help to categorize the disease by severity or clinical subtype. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, including high resolution manometry (HRM), might allow prediction of treatment responses. The primary treatments for achieving long-term symptom relief are surgery and endoscopic methods. Although limited high-quality data exist, it appears that laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is superior to endoscopic methods in achieving long-term relief of symptoms in the majority of patients. However, the current clinical approach to achalasia will depend not only on patients' characteristics and clinical subtypes of the disease, but also on local expertise and patient preferences. | Alexander J Eckardt Volker F Eckardt | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，32： | 20 |
| 11 | 城市活断层探测中电磁噪音和环境干扰对浅层电磁方法的影响显示文摘城市噪音主要指由于城市设施和人类活动 (如电网、管线、通讯设备、建筑物、交通等 )对电磁信号的干扰。克服城市噪音、提高信噪比是保证城市活断层的电磁探测能否成功的关键。因而 ,在福州市活断层的电磁试验探测中 ,噪音观测与分析被列为试验的一项重要内容 ① 。文中将主要讨论不同类型的噪音对高密度电法 (DC)和瞬变电磁法 (TEM)的影响 ,并提出一些实用的解决办法。试验表明 ,影响高密度电法观测质量的主要因素是地下噪音源 ,如地下管道、地下电缆等 ,地面以上噪音的影响相对较小。对于瞬变电磁法 ,不管地面以下还是地面以上的噪音源都将产生影响。但是 ,只要仪器的性能好 ,对不同噪音源采取相应的措施 ,可以获得满意的结果。 | 白登海 王立凤 孙洁 朱金芳 黄宗林 黄丹青 何兆海 祖金华 廉雨方 Quentin Yarie Volker Schaepe | 2002 | 地震地质2002，24，4： | 20 |
| 12 | 欧洲刺槐种源群体遗传结构和多样性显示文摘对来自欧洲和美国的 18个刺槐种源子代进行了等位酶分析。可进行遗传分析的 7个酶系统 (Amy,Fe,L ap,Idh,Mdh,6 Pgd,Skd)中有 14个基因位点 ,其中 12个位点具有多态性。每个多态位点平均等位基因数 (A/L )变化在 1.5 6~ 3.6 7之间 ,平均基因型数 (G/L)变化在 1.6 1~ 7.11之间 ,平均等位基因有效数目 (Ae)变化在 1.0 2~ 2 .5 0之间 ,预期杂合度 (H e)变化在0 .0 2~ 0 .5 6之间。不同种源群体之间也存在较大的遗传差异 ,在 8个德国种源中 ,各群体的 A、Ae、和 H e等相对较小 ,但不同群体间差异较大。各位点等位基因频率在不同种源群体间变化也较大 ,表明德国各种源群体内遗传变异相对较小 ,但群体间差异较大。来自匈牙利和斯洛伐克的 8个种源群则相反 ,各群体的 A、Ae、和 H e等相对较大 ,而不同种源群体间差异则较小 ,各位点等位基因频率在种源群体间变化相对一致 ,表明这两个国家的种源群体内变异较大 ,但不同种源群体间差异较小。欧洲的刺槐种源并未形成明显的地理变异模式 ,而且欧洲的种源和来自原产地的美国种源相比 ,没有发现明显的差异。经过 Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测证明 ,88.4 1%位点符合 H- W遗传平衡 ,表明各群体基因频率和基因型频率保持较高的稳定性 ,且种源内的变异大于种源间变异 ,94 . | 杨敏生 Heike Hertel Volker Schneck | 2004 | 生态学报2004，24，12： | 19 |
| 13 | Combination of 'low-dose' ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy followed by interferon alfa-2a monotherapy in chronic HCV-infected nonresponders and relapsers after interferon alfa-2a monotherapy显示文摘AIM To report on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of interferon alfa-2a combined with a 'low dose' of ribavirin for relapsers and non responders to alpha interferon monotherapy.METHODS Thirty-four chronic hepatitis C virus-infected non-responders to interferon alfa2a monotherapy (a course of at least 3 months treatment) and 13 relapsers to interferon alfa 2a monotherapy (a dose of 3 to 6 million units three times per week for at least 20 weeks but not more than 18 months) were treated with the same dose of interferon alfa-2a used before (3 to 6 million units three times per week) and ribavirin (10 mg/ kg daily) for 6 months. In complete responders, interferon alfa-2a was administered for further 6 months at the same dose used before as monotherapy.RESULTS Seven (20.6%) of 34 non-responders stopped the combined therapy due to adverse events, including two patients with histological and clinical Child A cirrhosis. In 17/27 (63%)non-responders, the combined therapy was stopped after three months because of non-response. Ten of the 27 non-responders completed the 1;2-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 28 months (16- 37 months)after the treatment, 4/10 (15%) previous non-responders still remained complete responders,All 13 previous relapsers completed the 12-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 22months (9 - 36 months) after treatment, 6/13(46%) the previous relapsers were stillsustained complete responders.CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule of the combined therapy for 6 months of interferon alfa2a with a low dose of ribavirin (10 mg/kg/day)followed by 6 months of interferon alfa-2amonotherapy is able to induce a sustainedcomplete response rate in 15% of non-responders and 46% of relapsers with chronic hepatitis C virus-related liver diseases comparable to those obtained with the standarddoses of ribavirin 1000 - 1200 mg/day.Randomized prospective controlled trials using lower total amounts of ribavirin in combination with interferon should be performed. | Perdita Wietzke-Braun Volker Meier Felix Braun Giuliano Ramadori | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，2： | 19 |
| 14 | 福州八一水库-尚干断裂的高密度电法和瞬变电磁法试验探测显示文摘为了检验高密度电法和瞬变电磁法在城市活断层探测中的有效性 ,在福州市区及周围进行了试验探测① ,文中主要介绍对八一水库尚干断裂的探测结果。八一水库尚干断裂是一条穿过福州市区的主要断裂带 ,其主断裂在八一水库测区位于一条由新店通往古城的水泥马路东侧 ,在横向上表现为东西宽几十米的电阻率低异常带 ,在纵向上从盖层底部向下延伸到基底深处。试验表明 ,高密度电法和瞬变电磁法可以互相补充和验证 ,从而提高整体探测效果。 | 白登海 王立凤 孙洁 朱金芳 黄宗林 黄丹青 何兆海 祖金华 廉雨方 Quentin Yarie Volker Schaepe | 2002 | 地震地质2002，24，4： | 19 |
| 15 | 孟河医家新探显示文摘明末至近代 ,江苏孟河名医辈出 ,逐渐形成以费、马、巢、丁四大家族为主的孟河医派。以四大家为核心的孟河医派 ,以其高深的学术造诣 ,丰富的临床经验 ,对中国医学的发展作出了卓越的功绩。广泛收集的资料涉及中国各大图书馆及欧洲、美国、港台图书馆馆藏的有关孟河医学的著作、方志、家谱百十余种 ,采访孟河医家的子孙、传人、学生或门徒 2 0 0余人。由此说明 ,孟河医派似一颗灿烂的明星 ,照耀在清代末年、民国初年的医坛上 ,学术相传 ,至今未衰。 | Volker Scheid 缪卫群 SOAS | 2004 | 中华医史杂志2004，34，2： | 18 |
| 16 | 欧洲中部刺槐种源群体等位酶变异研究显示文摘从欧洲中部及美国收集了 18个刺槐种源种子 ,以 2年生苗木为材料 ,采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对 11个酶系统进行了检测 ,共发现 2 0个酶位点 ,其中 14个为多态位点 ,多态性位点百分数为70 %。在参加计算的 7个酶系统的 12个多态性位点中 ,平均每个位点的等位基因数 (A)和平均每位点等位基因有效数 (Ae)为 2 733和 1.794 ,平均每个位点的实际杂合度 (Ho)和预期杂合度 (He)为 0 36 8和 0 4 0 0 ,固定指数 (F)为 0 0 80 ,绝大多数位点固定指数为正值。各基因位点遗传参数与 12个位点平均值进行相关分析表明 ,Fe b和Lap a的大部分群体遗传参数 (A、Ae、Ho、He等 )与平均值存在紧密的相关关系 ,其他位点各项遗传参数和总平均值相关不明显 ,这些位点的重要性可能比相关性较好的位点更大。德国 8个种源群体间遗传距离变化在 0 0 9~0 2 6之间 ,来自匈牙利的 6个种源之间遗传距离很小 ,绝大部分均在 0 11以下 ;德国的 8个种源与匈牙利和斯洛伐克的 8个种源之间的遗传距离变化在 0 0 9~ 0 2 4之间 ;来自美国的 2个种源 ,与欧洲的种源间的遗传距离在0 0 9~ 0 2 3之间 ,这一距离没有超出欧洲种源之间的差异。匈牙利和斯洛伐克的 8个种源群体的各项遗传参数均高于德国种源 ,表明这? | 杨敏生 Heike Hertel Volker Schneck | 2004 | Acta Genetica Sinica2004，31，12： | 16 |
| 17 | Polo-like kinase 1 expression is a prognostic factor in human colon cancer显示文摘AIM: To clarify the expression patterns and prognostic implications of the mitotic regulator Polo-like kinase 1(PLK1) in colon cancer.METHODS: Expression of PLK1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry (158 cases) and immunoblotting in tissue of colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. PLK1expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. In addition, expression of PLK1 was evaluated by immunoblot and PCR in colon carcinoma cell lines, and coexpression of PLK1 with the proliferation marker Ki-67 was investigated.RESULTS: Weak PLK1 expression was observed in normal colon mucosa and adenomas. In contrast, 66.7% of carcinomas showed strong expression of PLK1.Overexpression of PLK1 correlated positively with Dukes stage (P<0.001), tumor stage (P = 0.001) and nodal status (P<0.05). Additionally, PLK1 expression was a prognostic marker in univariate survival analysis (P<0.01) and had independent prognostic significance (RR = 3.3, P = 0.02)in patients with locoregional disease. Expression of PLK1 mRNA and protein was detected in all cell lines investigated. Coexpression of PLK1 and Ki-67 was observed in the majority of colon cancer cells, but a considerable proportion of cells showed PLK1 positivity without Ki-67expression.CONCLUSION: PLK1 is a new prognostic marker for colon carcinoma patients and may be involved in tumorigenesis and progression of colon cancer. Strategies focusing on PLK1 inhibition in vivo might therefore represent a promising new therapeutic approach for this tumor entity. | Wilko Weichert Glen Kristiansen Mathias Schmidt Volker Gekeler Aurelia Noske Silvia Niesporek Manfred Dietel Carsten Denkert | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，36： | 16 |
| 18 | 农田土壤N_2O排放的连续自动测定方法显示文摘本文介绍了农田N2O排放连续自动测定系统的方法原理、系统整体构造和气路配置,并通过对华北平原旱地土壤夏玉米季N2O排放的连续观测,比较了连续自动测定方法与传统手动间歇取样测定方法的差异。结果表明,夏玉米季N2O排放具有明显的日排放规律,且在三叶期和十叶期施肥后存在明显的释放高峰;通过选取7:20、8:30、9:40、10:50、12:00、13:20、14:30、15:40、16:50和18:00不同采样时间的测定结果,分别模拟了间隔为3d和6d的排放总量,结果表明,间隔取样的累积排放结果与连续观测结果的差异,与采样当天中具体的采样时间紧密相关,间隔估算结果随着采样时间的延后具有先升高后降低的趋势,与N2O的日排放规律相一致。本研究中,不同时间间隔对估算结果影响不明显。 | 高志岭 陈新平 张福锁 Martin Kogge Volker Rmheld | 2005 | 植物营养与肥料学报2005，11，1： | 15 |
| 19 | Importance of performance status for treatment outcome in advanced pancreatic cancer显示文摘Despite progress in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC), the outcome of this disease remains dismal for the majority of patients. Given the moderate efficacy of treatment, prognostic factors may help to guide treatment decisions. Several trials identified baseline performance status as an important prognostic factor for survival. Unfit patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) below 70% only have a marginal benefit from chemotherapy with gemcitabine (Gem) and may often benefit more from optimal supportive care. Once, however, the decision is taken to apply chemotherapy, KPS may be used to select either mono- or combination chemotherapy. Patients with a good performance status (KPS = 90%-100%) may have a significant and clinically relevant survival benefit from combination chemotherapy. By contrast, patients with a poor performance status (KPS ≤ 80%) have no advantage from intensified therapy and should rather receive single-agent treatment. | Stefan Boeck Axel Hinke Ralf Wilkowski Volker Heinemann | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 14 |
| 20 | 用于发电中心大规模电力输送的气体绝缘输电线路显示文摘在大型(巨型)城市中,用电负荷持续增长,有些城市中心的用电负荷甚至超过了每年10%的增长率,但城市内的可用空间却在持续减少。这种巨型城市的供电可靠性依赖于连接到负荷中心的大功率传输的可能性。根据巨型城市的规模,地下输电的传输距离已达到10km或20km,甚至更长,将会是未来常用的供电方式。气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)提供了满足大功率及地下安装需求的解决方案。这种方式在世界范围内的应用已有30多年的历史。尤其是GIL提供了针对'最后一英里'的解决方案,即发电厂高压开关装置与架空出线之间的连接。这种连接虽然比较短,但经常具有其他传输技术不能满足的特定要求,最严格的要求通常是传输电流达到4000A,而采用架空线路几乎是不可能实现的。GIL还广泛用于跨国界输电和可再生能源电力的向外输送,是一种经过实践验证的、经济、可靠的解决方案。 | Dirk Kunze Volker Knierim 王学刚 | 2007 | 中国电力2007，40，9： | 14 |
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