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| 1 | Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance显示文摘Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses.Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production.It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response.The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include:anorexia,fever,lethargy,recruitment of other immune cells,and phagocytosis.While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids,increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation.However,the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake.Therefore,as feed intake decreases,the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased.This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs.The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge.Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet,limit feed,or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge.While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation,when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources(i.e.,soybean meal).This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine,which lowers post weaning diarrhea.It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut.The objective of this review is two-fold.The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions,or lack thereof,and secondly,to review amino acid requirement estimates for nursery pigs. | Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，3： | 8 |
| 2 | 仔猪的饲养管理策略显示文摘一个成功的仔猪营养方案的基本准则是:
(1)开饲体重尽可能高:
(2)尽可能饲喂简单的日粮;
(3)着重于幼畜的饲养管理。
我们不能忽视猪的初生体重、年龄、饲养管理质量对于整个饲养过程影响的重要性。 | 彭慧珍 Joel De Rouchey Mike Tokach Steve Dritz | 2006 | 湖南畜牧兽医2006，，1： | 5 |
| 3 | 保育仔猪饲养管理比日粮配方更加重要显示文摘 | Steve Dritz Mike Tokach Joel DeRouchey Bob Goodband JimNelssen 冯占雨(译) 舒畅(校) | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | 测定哺乳母猪总含硫氨基酸相对于赖氨酸的需要量显示文摘本试验通过163头母猪,测定母猪在哺乳期中相对于赖氨酸的总含硫氨基酸(total sulfur amino acids,TSAA)需要量。所有试验日粮均以玉米-大豆粕型日粮为基础,通过配制使日粮的回肠赖氨酸真消化率达0.88%(总赖氨酸含量为0.97%)。试验日粮含0.37%L-赖氨酸盐酸,通过添加其它晶体氨基酸以使TSAA成为日粮第一限制性氨基酸。经过配制,日粮回肠可消化含硫氨基酸分别为0.44%、0.48%、0.53%、0.57%和0.62%,并使日粮赖氨酸含量分别达到50%、55%、60%、65%和70%。试验母猪分成6个产仔组,随后根据胎次将其随机分入各个日粮试验组,喂给总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率不同但逐步提高的试验日粮。结果在整个哺乳期中,各组试验母猪在日平均采食量(ADFI)、失重和背膘损失及血浆尿素氮含量上并无显著差异(P>0.14)。同时,提高母猪日粮的总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率,仔猪断奶体重或断奶前死亡率均未受到影响(P>0.25)。总之,逐步提高母猪日粮的总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率,不会影响其仔猪的窝生长性能。这些结果表明,哺乳期母猪对回肠真可消化总含硫氨基酸的需要量不超过赖氨酸50%。体组织的动用可以作为总含硫氨基酸一种可能的来源,从而可降低哺乳母猪对日粮总含硫氨基酸的需要量;高氨基酸摄入量,同时伴随着体组织的动用,由此产生的作用还需作进一步的研究。 | 冯占雨 J. D. Schneider J. L. Nelssen M. D. Tokach S. S. Dritz R. D. Goodband J. M. DeRouchey | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007，，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of increasing lysine to calorie ratio and added fat for growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment: Growth performance and carcass characteristics显示文摘 | de la Llata M Dritz S S Tokach M D | 2007 | Prof Anim Sci2007，23，： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of di- etary energy density and lysine: Calorie ratio on growth performance and Carcass characteristics of growing-fin- ishing pigs 显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D Quinn P R | 1999 | J Anim Sei1999，77，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of the interrelationgship between incoxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of earlyweaned pigs显示文摘 | SMITH J W TOKACH M D GOODBAND R D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of dietary energy density and lysine: calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs 显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D O'Quinn P R | 1999 | J Anim Sci1999，77，： | 1 |
| 9 | Feed additives for swine: fact sheets-prebiotics and probiotics, and phytogen- ies显示文摘 | Jacela J Y DeRouchey J M Tokach M D | 2010 | J Swine Health Prod2010，18，： | 1 |
| 10 | Growth curve analy- sis : practical tools for making farm-specific decisions 显示文摘 | Goodband B Dritz S Tokach M | 1997 | Le- man Swine Conference1997，24，： | 1 |
| 11 | Amino acid and energy digestibility of protein sources for growing pigs显示文摘 | GOTTLOB R O DEROUCHEY J M TOKACH M D | 2006 | J Anirn Sci2006，84，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Quantitative influence lysine and energy intake on yield of milk components in the primiparous sow显示文摘 | Tokach M D Pettigrew J E Croaker B A | 1992 | Journal of Animal Science1992，70，： | 1 |
| 13 | Comparison of three methods of feeding sows in gestation and the subsequent effeetson lactation performanee显示文摘 | Young M G Tokach M D Aheme F X et d | 2004 | Journal of Animal Science2004，82，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of the interrelationship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D Goodband R D | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Increasing weaning age improves pig performance in a muhisite production system 显示文摘 | Main R G S S Dritz M D Tokach | 2004 | J Anita Sei2004，82，： | 1 |
| 16 | Feed additives for swine: fact sheets-high dietary levels of copper and zinc for young pigs, and phytase显示文摘 | Jacela J Y DeRouehey J M Tokach M D | 2010 | J Swine Health Prod2010，18，： | 1 |
| 17 | Nutrition and female reproduction显示文摘 | Pettigrew J E Tokach M D | 1991 | Pig News and Information1991，12，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of the interrelationship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs显示文摘 | Smith H J W Tokach M D Goodballd R D | 1997 | Journal of Animal Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of L-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance 显示文摘 | Musser R E Goodband R D Tokach M D et ol | 1999 | J Anita Sci1999，77，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of the interrelationgship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D Goodband R D | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，： | 1 |
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