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| 1 | Hepatitis E virus: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment显示文摘The hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the fifth known form of viral hepatitis and was first recognized as the cause of an epidemic of unexplained acute hepatitis in the early 1980s.Globally,it is one of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis.The majority of HEV infections are asymptomatic and lead to the spontaneous clearance of the virus.Among the eight different genotypes identified to date,HEV genotype 1(HEV1),HEV2,HEV3,and HEV4 are the most frequent genotypes causing infections in humans.HEV1 and HEV2 are prevalent in developing regions and able to result in large-scale outbreaks originating from contaminated water supplies.They are also responsible for severe hepatitis in pregnant patients and infants.In contrast,HEV3 and HEV4 are zoonotic,and the transmission of these genotypes to humans occurs mainly through the fecal contamination of water and consumption of contaminated meat from infected animals.Their main reservoir is the pig,and they are mostly encountered in developed countries.The major risk groups for HEV infection and its ensuing adverse consequences are pregnant women,infants,older people,immunocompromised individuals,patients with underlying chronic liver diseases,and workers that come into close contact with HEV-infected animals.In the clinical perspective,HEV infections have diverse clinical manifestations including acute and self-limiting hepatitis,acute-on-chronic liver disease,chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,and liver failure.Although HEV mainly results in acute selflimiting infection,chronic HEV infection may occur among immunocompromised patients(e.g.,solid-organ transplant recipients).Additionally,HEV-associated extrahepatic manifestations involving various organs have been reported in the last decade,although the causal link for many of them still needs to be proven.Ribavirin and interferon-alpha are the most widely used agents for the treatment of HEV infections with a certain level of success.However,ribavirin is contraindicated in pregnant patients,and interferon-alpha cannot be used in most transplant recipients.Therefore,there is an urgent need for novel antiviral compounds that are safe and effective particularly for patients having contraindications for ribavirin or interferon-alpha and infected by the ribavirinresistant HEV.In this review article,a literature search using PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed,up to March 2020.Only the articles published in English were reviewed. | Abdullah Tarık Aslan Hatice Yasemin Balaban | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，37： | 15 |
| 2 | Neuroprotective effects of daidzein on focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats显示文摘Daidzein, a plant extract, has antioxidant activity. It is hypothesized, in this study, that daidzein exhibits neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were intraperitoneally administered daidzein. Biochemical and immunohistochemical tests showed that superoxide dismutase and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression levels in the brain tissue decreased after ischemia and they increased obviously after daidzein administration; malondialdehyde level and apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase caspase-3 and caspase-9 immunoreactivity in the brain tissue increased after ischemia and they decreased obviously after daidzein administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and luxol fast blue staining results showed that intraperitoneal administration of daidzein markedly alleviated neuronal damage in the ischemic brain tissue. These findings suggest that daidzein exhibits neuroprotective effects on ischemic brain tissue by decreasing oxygen free radical production, which validates the aforementioned hypothesis. | Adem Bozkurt Aras Mustafa Guven Tar?k Akman Adile Ozkan Halil Murat Sen Ugur Duz Y?ld?ray Kalkan Coskun Silan Murat Cosar | 2015 | Neural Regeneration Research2015，10，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Syringaldehyde exerts neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia injury in rats through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties显示文摘There are few studies on the neuroprotective effects of syringaldehyde in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. The study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of syringaldehyde on ischemic brain cells. Rat models of cerebral ischemia were intraperitoneally administered syringaldehyde. At 6 and 24 hours after syringaldehyde administration, cell damage in the brain of cerebral ischemia rats was obviously reduced, superoxide dismutase activity and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression in the brain tissue were markedly increased, malondiadehyde level was obviously decreased, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase caspase-3 and-9 immunoreactivity was obviously decreased, and neurological function was markedly improved. These findings suggest that syringaldehyde exerts neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia injury through anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis. | Aras Adem Bozkurt Guven Mustafa Akman Tar?k Ozkan Adile Sen Halil Murat K?l?coglu Mesut Kalkan Y?ld?ray Silan Coskun Cosar Murat | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，21： | 2 |
| 4 | Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy for selected staghom stones显示文摘 | Tar EC | 1992 | J Endourol1992，6，： | 2 |
| 5 | Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma显示文摘BACKGROUND:Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor containing an intimate mixture of carci- nomatous and sarcomatous elements.Reports on risk factors, epidemiology,and pathogenesis of the tumor as well as the experience in its treatment are limited. METHOD:We present a case of primary carcinosarcoma of the liver in a 69-year-old man who complained of right hypochondrial pain and weight loss for two months. RESULTS:Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 14×12 cm mass in segments 7-8 and 4 of the liver with vena hepatica invasion.An ultrasonography-guided biopsy showed osteoid tissue without osteoblastic rimming.Vascular structures accompanied the osteoid tissue.The patient underwent surgery after a diagnosis of hemangioma.Intraoperative frozen sections revealed a carcinosarcoma associated with an osteosarcoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma components. CONCLUSIONS:Preoperative diagnosis of this rare primary hepatic malignant tumor may be difficult by biopsy owing to intratumoral heterogeneity.Highly mature areas of the osteosarcomatous component may lead to misdiagnosis of metaplastic bone tissue.Clinicopathologic features of this rare entity are discussed. | Mehmet elikbilek Kemal Deniz Edip Torun Tarιk Artιs Ersin zaslan kkes brahim Karahan Tahir Ercan Patιroglu mer zbakιr | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Identification of molecu- lar markers for an efficient leaf rust resistance gene Lr29 in wheat显示文摘 | Tar M Purnhauser L Csosz L | 2002 | Acta Biologica Szegediensis2002，46，： | 1 |
| 7 | Role of protein phosphatase 2A in the regulation of endothelial cell cytoskeleton structure 显示文摘 | Tar K Csortos C Czikora I | 2006 | J Cell Biochem2006，98，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Decentralized estimation and control with overlap- ping input,state and output decomposition显示文摘 | I{tar A | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 9 | Positive aspects of caregiving-contributions of the REACH project to the development of new measures for Alzheimer's caregiving 显示文摘 | Tar|ow BJ Wisniewski SR BelIe SH et d | 2004 | Res On Aging2004，26，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Relation of bacterial colonisation and the frequency,character and severity of COPD exacerbations 显示文摘 | Patel Sl Seemungal TAR Wilks M | 2002 | Thorax2002，57，： | 1 |
| 11 | An SVD based modification of the adaptive inverse dynamics controller显示文摘 | Tar J K Bito J F Ruda I J | 2009 | Applied Computational Intelligence and lnformatics2009，7，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Rearing of the box tree pyralid, Glyphodes per-spectalis, larvae using an artificial diet 显示文摘 | Kei KW Suguru NM Tar AA | 2010 | Applied entomology and zoolo- gy2010，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy monotherapy for selected staghom stones 显示文摘 | Tar EC | 1990 | J Urol1990，143，： | 1 |
| 14 | Long-termerythor- mycin therapy is associated with decreased chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease exacerbations显示文摘 | Seemungal TAR Wilkinson TMA Hurst JR | 2008 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2008，178，11： | 1 |
| 15 | The sphenozygomatic suture as a key site for osteosynthesis of the orbitozygomatic complex in panfacial fractures:a biomechanical study in human cadavers based on clinical practice显示文摘 | Rohner D Tar A Meng CS | 2002 | Plast Reconstr Surg2002，110，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Utility and diagnostic accuracy of hand-carried ultrasound for emergency room evaluation of chest pain显示文摘 | Tar S Feldman A Darawshe A | 2004 | Am J Cardiol2004，94，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Utility and diagnostic accuracy of hard-carried ultrasound for emergency room evaluation of chest pain显示文摘 | Tar S Feldman A Darawshe A | 2004 | Am J Cardiol2004，94，3： | 1 |
| 18 | A mechanism of release of calreticulin from cells during apoptosis显示文摘 | Tar JM Young PJ Morse R | 2010 | J Mol Biel2010，401，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Gain-Scheduled Wheel Slip Con- trol in Automotive Brake Systems 显示文摘 | Tar A J Idar P Jens K | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Con-trol Systems Technology2003，11，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Determination of Organic Acids in Xylem Sap of Cucumber:Effect of Lead Contamination显示文摘 | Tátar E Mihucz V G Varga A | 1998 | Microchemi J1998，58，： | 1 |
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