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| 1 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of nodules in liver cirrhosis显示文摘Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)using microbubble contrast agents are useful for the diagnosis of the nodules in liver cirrhosis.CEUS can be used as a problem-solving method for indeterminate nodules on computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or as an initial diagnostic test for small newly detected liver nodules.CEUS has unique advantages over CT and MRI including no renal excretion of contrast,real-time imaging capability,and purely intravascular contrast.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is characterized by arterial-phase hypervascularity and later washout(negative enhancement).Benign nodules such as regenerative nodules or dysplastic nodules are usually isoechoic or slightly hypoechoic in the arterial phase and isoechoic in the late phase.However,there are occasional HCC lesions with atypical enhancement including hypovascular HCC and hypervascular HCC without washout.Cholangiocarcinomas are infrequently detected during HCC surveillance and mostly show rimlike or diffuse hypervascularity followed by rapid washout.Hemangiomas are often found at HCC surveillance and are easily diagnosed by CEUS.CEUS can be effectively used in the diagnostic work-up of small nodules detected at HCC surveillance.CEUS is also useful to differentiate malignant and benign venous thrombosis and to guide and monitor the local ablation therapy for HCC. | Tae Kyoung Kim Hyun-Jung | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 36 |
| 2 | Comparison of scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prognostic usefulness of several existing scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical database from consecutive patients with AP in our institution between January 2011 and December 2012.Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)-Ⅱ,and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)scores,and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.Serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were measured at admission(CRPi)and after 24h(CRP24).Severe AP was defined as persistent organ failure for more than 48 h.The predictive accuracy of each scoring system was measured by the area under the receiver-operating curve(AUC).RESULTS:Of 161 patients,21(13%)were classified as severe AP,and 3(1.9%)died.Statistically significant cutoff values for prediction of severe AP were Ranson≥3,BISAP≥2,APACHE-Ⅱ≥8,CTSI≥3,and CRP24≥21.4.AUCs for Ranson,BISAP,APACHE-Ⅱ,CTSI,and CRP24 in predicting severe AP were 0.69(95%CI:0.62-0.76),0.74(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.78(95%CI:0.70-0.84),0.69(95%CI:0.61-0.76),and0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.78),respectively.APACHE-Ⅱdemonstrated the highest accuracy for prediction of severe AP,however,no statistically significant pairwise differences were observed between APACHE-Ⅱand the other scoring systems,including CRP24.CONCLUSION:Various scoring systems showed similar predictive accuracy for severity of AP.Unique models are needed in order to achieve further improvement of prognostic accuracy. | Joon Hyun Cho Tae Nyeun Kim Hyun Hee Chung Kook Hyun Kim | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 35 |
| 3 | Clinical significance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as an early predictive marker for adverse outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM To investigated the prognostic value of the neutrophillymphocyte ratio(NLR) in patients with acute pancreatitis and determined an optimal cut-off value for the prediction of adverse outcomes in these patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 490 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed between March 2007 and December 2012. NLRs were calculated at admission and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission. Patients were grouped according to acute pancreatitis severity and organ failure occurrence, and a comparative analysis was performed to compare the NLR between groups. RESULTS Among the 490 patients, 70 had severe acute pancreatitis with 31 experiencing organ failure. The severe acute pancreatitis group had a significantly higher NLR than the mild acute pancreatitis group on all 4 d(median, 6.14, 6.71, 5.70, and 4.00 vs 4.74, 4.47, 3.20, and 3.30, respectively, P < 0.05). The organ failure group had a significantly higher NLR than the group without organ failure on all 4 d(median, 7.09, 6.72, 6.27, and 6.24 vs 4.85, 4.49, 3.35, and 2.34, respectively, P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value for baseline NLR was 4.76 in predicting severity and 4.88in predicting organ failure in acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSION Elevated baseline NLR correlates with severe acute pancreatitis and organ failure. | Tae Joo Jeon Ji Young Park | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，21： | 37 |
| 4 | Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis:comparison with other scoring systems in predicting severity and organ failure显示文摘BACKGROUND:The early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is important for the management and for improving outcomes.The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)has been considered as an accurate method for risk stratification in patients with acute pancreatitis.This study aimed to evaluate the comparative usefulness of the BISAP.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed at our hospital from March 2007to December 2010.BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CT severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.We stratified the number of patiants with severe pancreatitis,pancreatic necrosis,and organ failure as well as the number of deaths by BISAP score.We used the area under the receiveroperating curve(AUC)to compare BISAP with other scoring systems,C-reactive protein(CRP),hematocrit,and body mass index(BMI)with regard to prediction of severe acute pancreatitis,necrosis,organ failure,and death.RESULTS:Of the 303 patiants,31(10.2%)were classified as having severe acute pancreatitis.Organ failure occurred in 23(7.6%)patients,pancreatic necrosis in 40(13.2%),and death in6(2.0%).A BISAP score of 2 was a statistically significant cutoff value for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis,organ failure,and mortality.AUCs for BISAP predicting severe pancreatitis and death were 0.80 and 0.86,respectively,which were similar to those for APACHE-II(0.80,0.87)and Ranson criteria(0.74,0.74)and greater than AUCs for CTSI(0.67,0.42).The AUC for organ failure predicted by BISAP,APACHE-II,Ranson criteria,and CTSI was 0.93,0.95,0.84 and 0.57,respectively.AUCs for BISAP predicting severity,organ failure,and death were greater than those for CRP(0.69,0.80,0.72),hematocrit(0.45,0.35,0.14),and BMI(0.41,0.47,0.17).CONCLUSION:The BISAP predicts severity,death,and especially organ failure in acute pancreatitis as well as APACHE-II does and better than Ranson criteria,CTSI,CRP,hematocrit,and BMI. | Ji Young Park Tae Joo Jeon Tae Hwan Ha Jin Tae Hwang Dong Hyun Sinn Tae-Hoon Oh Won Chang Shin Won-Choong | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，6： | 33 |
| 5 | Small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation versus sphincterotomy显示文摘AIM:To compare small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation(SES+ ELBD)and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)for large bile duct stones. METHODS:We compared prospectively SES+ELBD (group A,n=27)with conventional EST(group B, n=28)for the treatment of large bile duct stones(≥ 15 mm).When the stone could not be removed with a normal basket,mechanical lithotripsy was performed. We compared the rates of complete stone removal with one session and application of mechanical lithotripsy. RESULTS:No significant differences were observed in the mean largest stone size(A:20.8 mm,B:21.3 mm), bile duct diameter(A:21.4 mm,B:20.5 mm),number of stones(A:2.2,B:2.3),or procedure time(A:18 min, B:19 min)between the two groups.The rates of complete stone removal with one session was 85%in group A and 86%in group B(P=0.473).Mechanical lithotripsy was required for stone removal in nine of 27 patients(33%)in group A and nine of 28 patients (32%,P=0.527)in group B.CONCLUSION:SES+ELBD did not show significant benefits compared to conventional EST,especially for the removal of large(≥15 mm)bile duct stones. | Hyun Gun Kim Young Koog Cheon Young Deok Cho Jong Ho Moon Do Hyun Park Tae Hoon Lee Hyun Jong Choi Sang-Heum Park Joon Seong Lee Moon Sung Lee | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，34： | 34 |
| 6 | Photodynamic therapy prolongs metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CC). METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of patients with hilar CC referred to our institution from December, 1999 to January, 2011. Out of 232 patients, thirty-three patients with unresectable hilar CC were treated. Eighteen patients in the PDT group were treated with uncovered metal stents after one session of PDT. Fifteen patients in the control group were treated with metal stents alone. Porfimer sodium (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to PDT patients. Fortyeight hours later, PDT was administered using a diffusing fiber that was advanced across the tumor by either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous cholangiography. After performance of PDT, uncovered metal stents were inserted to ensure adequate decompression and bile drainage. Patient survival rates and cumulative stent patency were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. RESULTS:The PDT and control patients were comparable with respect to age, gender, health status, pretreatment bilirubin, and hilar CC stage. When compared to control, the PDT group was associated with significantly prolonged stent patency (median 244 ± 66 and 177 ± 45 d, respectively, P = 0.002) and longer patient survival (median 356 ± 213 and 230 ± 73 d, respectively, P = 0.006). Early complication rates were similar between the groups (PDT group 17%, control group 13%) and all patients were treated conservatively. Stent malfunctions occurred in 14 PDT patients (78%) and 12 control patients (80%). Of these 26 patients, twenty-two were treated endoscopically and four were treated with external drainage. CONCLUSION:Metal stenting after one session of PDT may be safe with acceptable complication rates. The PDT group was associated with a significantly longer stent patency than the control group in patients with unresectable hilar CC. | Tae Yoon Lee Young Koog Cheon Chan Sup Shim Young Deok Cho | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 28 |
| 7 | Limited endoscopic sphincterotomy plus large balloon dilation for choledocholithiasis with periampullary diverticula显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) plus large balloon dilation (LBD) for removing choledocholithiasis in patients with periampullary diverticula (PAD). METHODS: A total of 139 patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones were treated with LBD (10-20 mm balloon diameter) after limited EST. Of this total, 73 patients had PAD and 66 patients did not have PAD (controls). The results of stone removal and complications were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the PAD and the control groups in overall successful stone removal (94.5% vs 93.9%), stone removal in first session (69.9% vs 81.8%), mechanical lithotripsy (12.3% vs 13.6%), and complications (11.0% vs 7.6%). Clinical outcomes were also similar between the types of PAD, but the rate of stone removal in first session and the number of sessions were significantly lower and more frequent, respectively, in type B PAD (papilla located near the diverticulum) than controls [23/38 (60.5%) vs 54/66 (81.8%), P = 0.021; and 1 (1-2) vs 1 (1-3), P = 0.037, respectively] and the frequency of pancreatitis was significantly higher in type A PAD (papilla located inside or in the margin of the diverticulum) than in controls (16.1% vs 3.0%, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Limited EST plus LBD was an effective and safe procedure for removing choledocholithiasis in patients with PAD. However, some types of PAD should be managed with caution. | Hyung Wook Kim Dae Hwan Kang Cheol Woong Choi Jong Hwan Park Jin Ho Lee Min Dae Kim Il Doo Kim Ki Tae Yoon Mong Cho Ung Bae Jeon Suk Kim Chang Won Kim Jun Woo Lee | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，34： | 26 |
| 8 | Nutritional risk index as a predictor of postoperative wound complications after gastrectomy显示文摘AIM:To investigate the correlation between the nutritional risk index (NRI) and postoperative wound complications.METHODS:From January 2008 through June 2008,669 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in a retrospective study.Medical records of consecutive patients were collected and analyzed to determine postoperative wound complication rates.The NRI was assessed on the fifth postoperative day and other possible risk factors for the incidence of wound complications were analyzed to identify the factors affecting postoperative wound complications.Patients with other postoperative complications were excluded from the study.RESULTS:On the 5th postoperative day,the NRI showed a malnutrition rate of 84.6% among postoperative patients.However,postoperative wound complications occurred in only 66/669 (9.86%) patients.Of the patients with wound complications,62/66 (94%) belonged to the malnourished group (NRI < 97.5),and 4/66 (6%) patients to the non-malnourished group (NRI ≥ 97.5).The only factor correlated with wound complications was the NRI on the 5th postoperative day (odds ratio of NRI ≥ 97.5 vs NRI < 97.5:0.653;95% confidence interval:0.326-0.974;P=0.014) according to univariate analysis as well as multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that malnutrition immediately after surgery may play a significant role in the development of wound complications. | Cheong Ah Oh Dae Hoon Kim Seung Jong Oh Min Gew Choi Jae Hyung Noh Tae Sung Sohn Jae Moon Bae Sung Kim | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，7： | 25 |
| 9 | Glycyrrhizin attenuates HMGB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the p38-dependent mitochondrial pathway显示文摘AIM:To examine how high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) regulates hepatocyte apoptosis and,furthermore,to determine whether glycyrrhizin (GL),a known HMGB1 inhibitor,prevents HMGB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.METHODS:A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line stably transfected with a bile acid transporter (HuhBAT cells),were used in this study.Apoptosis was quantified using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and the APO Percentage apoptosis assay,and its signaling cascades were explored by immunoblot analysis.Kinase signaling was evaluated by immunoblotting and by using selective inhibitors.It is also tried to identify hepatocyte apoptosis affected by the HMGB1 inhibitor,GL.RESULTS:HMGB1 increased cellular apoptosis in HuhBAT cells.HMGB1 led to increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol,and induced the cleavage of procaspase 3.However,it did not affect the activation of caspase 8.HMGB1-induced caspase 3 activation was significantly attenuated by the p38 inhibitor SB203580.GL significantly attenuated HMGB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.GL also prevented HMGB1-induced cytochrome c release and p38 activation in Huh-BAT cells.CONCLUSION:The present study demonstrated that HMGB1 promoted hepatocyte apoptosis through a p38dependent mitochondrial pathway.In addition,GL had an anti-apoptotic effect on HMGB1-treated hepatocytes. | Geum-Youn Gwak Tae Gun Moon Dong Ho Lee Byung Chul Yoo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，7： | 26 |
| 10 | Power hardware in the loop validation of fault ride through of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants显示文摘This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore wind power plants(WPPs).In the proposed FRT scheme,the WPP collector network AC voltage is actively controlled by considering both the DC voltage error and the AC current from the WPP AC collector system which ensures fast and robust FRT of the VSC HVDC connected offshore WPPs.The PHIL tests were carried out in order to verify the efficacy of the proposed feed forward DC voltage control scheme for enhancing the FRT capability of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.The PHIL test results have demonstrated the proper control coordination between the offshore WPP and the WPP side VSC and the efficient FRT of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs. | Ranjan SHARMA Qiuwei WU Seung Tae CHA Kim H.JENSEN Tonny W.RASMUSSEN JacobØSTEGAARD | 2014 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2014，2，1： | 26 |
| 11 | Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sedation between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sedation protocols for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofolremifentanil.METHODS: Fifty-nine patients scheduled for ESD were randomly allocated into a dexmedetomidineremifentanil(DR) group or a propofol-remifentanil(PR) group. To control patient anxiety, dexmedetomidine or propofol was infused to maintain a score of 4-5 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Remifentanil was infused continuously at a rate of 6 μg/kg per hour in both groups. The ease of advancing the scope into the throat, gastric motility grading, and satisfaction of the endoscopist and patient were assessed. Hemodynamic variables and hypoxemic events were compared to evaluate patient safety.RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable between the groups. The hemodynamic variables and pulse oximetry values were stable during the procedure in both groups despite a lower heart rate in the DR group. No oxygen desaturation events occurred in either group. Although advancing the scope into the throat was easier in the PR group('very easy' 24.1% vs 56.7%, P = 0.010), gastric motility was moresuppressed in the DR group('no + mild' 96.6% vs 73.3%, P = 0.013). The endoscopists felt that the procedure was more favorable in the DR group('very good + good' 100% vs 86.7%, P = 0.042), whereas patient satisfaction scores were comparable between the groups. En bloc resection was performed 100% of the time in both groups, and the complete resection rate was 94.4% in the DR group and 100% in the PR group(P = 0.477). CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were comparable to propofol and remifentanil during ESD. However, the endoscopists favored dexmedetomidine perhaps due to lower gastric motility. | Namo Kim Young-Chul Yoo Sang Kil Lee Hyunzu Kim Hyang Mi Ju Kyeong Tae Min | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 25 |
| 12 | Common bile duct stones on multidetector computed tomography:Attenuation patterns and detectability显示文摘AIM:To investigate the attenuation patterns and detectability of common bile duct(CBD) stones by multidetector computed tomography(MDCT).METHODS:Between March 2010 and February 2012,191 patients with suspicion of CBD stones undergoing both MDCT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) were enrolled and reviewed retrospectively.The attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT were classified as heavily calcified,radiopaque,less radiopaque,or undetectable.The association between the attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT and stone type consisting of pure cholesterol,mixed cholesterol,brown pigment,and black pigment and the factors related to the detectability of CBD stones by MDCT were evaluated.RESULTS:MDCT showed CBD stones in 111 of 130 patients in whom the CBD stones were demonstrated by ERCP with 85.4% sensitivity.The attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT were heavily calcified 34(26%),radiopaque 31(24%),less radiopaque 46(35%),and undetectable 19(15%).The radiopacity of CBD stones differed significantly according to stone type(P < 0.001).From the receiver operating characteristic curve,stone size was useful for the determination of CBD stone by MDCT(area under curve 0.779,P < 0.001) and appropriate cut-off stone size on MDCT was 5 mm.The factors related to detectability of CBD stones on MDCT were age,stone type,and stone size on multivariate analysis(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The radiopacity of CBD stones on MDCT differed according to stone type.Stone type and stone size were related to the detectability by MDCT,and appropriate cut-off stone size was 5 mm. | Chang Whan Kim Jae Hyuck Chang Yeon Soo Lim Tae Ho Kim In Seok Lee Sok Won Han | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，11： | 24 |
| 13 | Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation in patients with periampullary diverticula显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation(EPLBD)for bile duct stone extraction in patients with periampullary diverticula.METHODS:The records of 223 patients with large common bile duct stones(≥10 mm)who underwent EPLBD(12-20 mm balloon diameter)with or without limited endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES)from July 2006to April 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.Of these patients,93(41.7%)had periampullary diverticula(PAD),which was categorized into three types.The clinical variables of EPLBD with limited ES(EPLBD+ES)and EPLBD alone were analyzed according to the presence of PAD.RESULTS:Patients with PAD were significantly older than those without(75.2±8.8 years vs 69.7±10.9years,P=0.000).The rates of overall stone removal and complete stone removal in the first session were not significantly different between the PAD and nonPAD groups,however,there was significantly less need for mechanical lithotripsy in the PAD group(3.2%vs 11.5%,P=0.026).Overall stone removal rates,complete stone removal rates in the first session and the use of mechanical lithotripsy were not significantly different between EPLBD+ES and EPLBD alone in patients with PAD(96.6%vs 97.1%;72.9%vs 88.2%;and 5.1%vs 0%,respectively).No significant differences with respect to the rates of pancreatitis,perforation,and bleeding were observed between EPLBD+ES and EPLBD alone in the PAD group(3.4%vs 14.7%,P=0.095;0%vs 0%;and 3.4%vs 8.8%,P=0.351,respectively).CONCLUSION:EPLBD with limited ES and EPLBD alone are safe and effective modalities for common bile duct stone removal in patients with PAD,regardless of PAD subtypes. | Kook Hyun Kim Tae Nyeun Kim | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，41： | 23 |
| 14 | How good is cola for dissolution of gastric phytobezoars?显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of cola treatment for gastric phytobezoars,including diospyrobezoars.METHODS:A total of 17 patients(range:48 to 78 years) with symptomatic gastric phytobezoars treated with cola and adjuvant endoscopic therapy were reviewed.Three liters of cola lavage(10 cases) or drink(7 cases) were initially used,and then endoscopic fragmentation was done for the remnant bezoars by using a lithotripsy basket or a polypectomy snare.The overall success of dissolving a gastric phytobezoars with using three liters of cola and the clinical and endoscopic findings were compared retrospectively between four cases of complete dissolution by using only cola and 13 cases of partial dissolution with cola.RESULTS:After 3 L of cola lavage or drinking,a complete dissolution of bezoars was achieved in four patients(23.5%),while 13 cases(76.5%) were only partially dissolved.Phytobezoars(4 of 6 cases) were observed more frequently than diospyrobezoars(0 of 11) in the group that underwent complete dissolution(P = 0.006).Gender,symptom duration,size of bezoar and method of cola administration were not significantly different between the two groups.Twelve of 13 patients with residual bezoars were completely treated with a combination of cola and endoscopic fragmentation.CONCLUSION:The rate of complete dissolution with three liters of cola was 23.5%,but no case of diospyrobezoar was completely dissolved using this method.However,pretreatment with cola may be helpful and facilitate endoscopic fragmentation of gastric phytobezoars. | Beom Jae Lee Jong-Jae Park Hoon Jai Chun Ji Hoon Kim Jong Eun Yeon Yoon Tae Jeen Jae Seon Kim Kwan Soo Byun Sang Woo Lee Jae Hyun Choi Chang Duck Kim Ho Sang Ryu Young-Tae Bak | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 22 |
| 15 | Clinical usefulness of transpapillary removal of common bile duct stones by frequency doubled double pulse Nd:YAG laser显示文摘AIM: To study the efficacy and the safety of laser lithotripsy without direct visual control by using a balloon catheter in patients with bile duct stones that could not be extracted by standard technique. METHODS: The seventeen patients (7 male and 10 female; mean age 67.8 years) with difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones were not amenable for conventional endoscopic maneuvers such as sphincterotomy and mechanical lithotripsy were included in this study. Laser wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm as a double pulse were applied with pulse energy of 120 mJ. The laser fiber was advanced under fluoroscopic control through the ERCP balloon catheter. Laser lithotripsy was continued until the fragment size seemed to be less than 10 mm. Endoscopic extraction of the stones and fragments was performed with the use of the Dormia basket and balloon catheter. RESULTS: Bile duct clearance was achieved in 15 of 17 patients (88%). The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.7 ± 0.6. Endoscopic stone removal could not be achieved in 2 patients (7%). Adverse effects were noted in three patients (hemobilia, pancreatitis, and cholangitis). CONCLUSION: The Frequency Doubled Double Pulse Nd:YAG (FREDDY) laser may be an effective and safe technique in treatment of difficult bile duct stones. | Tae Hyeon Kim Hyo Jeong Oh Chang-Soo Choi Dong Han Yeom Suck Chei Choi | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，18： | 20 |
| 16 | Alcoholic liver disease: Treatment显示文摘The excess consumption of alcohol is associated with alcoholic liver diseases(ALD). ALD is a major healthcare problem, personal and social burden, and significant reason for economic loss worldwide. The ALD spectrum includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of ALD is based on a combination of clinical features, including a history of significant alcohol intake, evidence of liver disease, and laboratory findings. Abstinence is the most important treatment for ALD and the treatment plan varies according to the stage of the disease. Various treatments including abstinence, nutritional therapy, pharmacological therapy, psychotherapy, and surgery are currently available. For severe alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroid or pentoxifylline are recommended based on the guidelines. In addition, new therapeutic targets are being under investigation. | Ki Tae Suk Moon Young Kim Soon Koo Baik | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 20 |
| 17 | Primary endoscopic approximation suture under cap-assisted endoscopy of an ERCP-induced duodenal perforation显示文摘Duodenal perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is a rare complication,but it has a relatively high mortality risk.Early diagnosis and prompt management are key factors for the successful treatment of ERCP-related perforation.The management of perforation can initially be conservative in cases resulting from sphincterotomy or guide wire trauma.However,the current standard treatment for duodenal free wall perforation is surgical repair.Recently,several case reports of endoscopic closure techniques using endoclips,endoloops,or fully covered metal stents have been described.We describe four cases of iatrogenic duodenal bulb or lateral wall perforation caused by the scope tip that occurred during ERCP in tertiary referral centers.All the cases were simply managed by endoclips under transparent capassisted endoscopy.Based on the available evidence and our experience,endoscopic closure was a safe and feasible method even for duodenoscope-induced perforations.Our results suggest that endoscopists may be more willing to use this treatment. | Tae Hoon Lee Byoung Wook Bang Jee In Jeong Hyung Gil Kim Seok Jeong Seon Mee Park Don Haeng Lee Sang-Heum Park Sun-Joo Kim | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，18： | 19 |
| 18 | Real time shear wave elastography in chronic liver diseases:Accuracy for predicting liver fibrosis,in comparison with serum markers显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the correlation between liver stiffness measurement(LSM)by real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)and liver fibrosis stage and the accuracy of LSM for predicting significant and advanced fibrosis,in comparison with serum markers.METHODS:We consecutively analyzed 70 patients with various chronic liver diseases.Liver fibrosis was staged from F0 to F4 according to the Batts and Ludwig scoring system.Significant and advanced fibrosis was defined as stage F≥2 and F≥3,respectively.The accuracy of prediction for fibrosis was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:Seventy patients,15 were belonged to F0-F1 stage,20 F2,13 F3 and 22 F4.LSM was increased with progression of fibrosis stage(F0-F1:6.77±1.72,F2:9.98±3.99,F3:15.80±7.73,and F4:22.09±10.09,P<0.001).Diagnostic accuracies of LSM for prediction of F≥2 and F≥3 were 0.915(95%CI:0.824-0.968,P<0.001)and 0.913(95%CI:0.821-0.967,P<0.001),respectively.The cut-off values of LSM for prediction of F≥2 and F≥3 were 8.6kPa with 78.2%sensitivity and 93.3%specificity and10.46 kPa with 88.6%sensitivity and 80.0%specificity,respectively.However,there were no significant differences between LSM and serum hyaluronic acid and typeⅣcollagen in diagnostic accuracy.CONCLUSION:SWE showed a significant correlation with the severity of liver fibrosis and was useful and accurate to predict significant and advanced fibrosis,comparable with serum markers. | Jae Yoon Jeong Tae Yeob Kim Joo Hyun Sohn Yongsoo Kim Woo Kyoung Jeong Young-Ha Oh Kyo-Sang Yoo | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，38： | 19 |
| 19 | Treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil for individuals with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To investigate retrospectively the long-term efficacy of various treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil(adefovir) in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:We included 154 consecutive patients in two treatment groups:the 'add-on' group(n = 79),in which adefovir was added to ongoing lamivudine treatment due to lamivudine resistance,and the 'switch/combination' group(n = 75),in which lamivudine was first switched to adefovir and then re-added later as needed.The 'switch/combination' group was then divided into two subgroups depending on whether participants followed(group A,n = 30) or violated(group B,n = 45) a proposed treatment strategy that determined whether to add lamivudine based on the serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels(< 60 IU/mL or not) after 6 mo of treatment(roadmap concept).RESULTS:The cumulative probability of virologic response(HBV DNA < 60 IU/mL) was higher in group A than in the 'add-on' group and in group B(P < 0.001).In contrast,the cumulative probability of virologic breakthrough was lower in the 'add-on' group than in group B(P = 0.002).Furthermore,the risk of virologic breakthrough in the multivariate analysis was significantly lower in the 'add-on' group than in group A(hazard ratio = 0.096;95%CI,0.015-0.629;P = 0.015).CONCLUSION:The selective combination of adefovir with lamivudine based upon early treatment responses increased the odds of virologic breakthrough relative to the use of uniform combination therapy from the beginning of treatment. | Tae Jung Yun Jin Yong Jung Chang Ha Kim Soon Ho Um Hyonggin An Yeon Seok Seo Jin Dong Kim Hyung Joon Yim Bora Keum Yong Sik Kim Yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Hoon Jai Chun Chang Duck Kim Ho Sang Ryu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 19 |
| 20 | The association of benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract stones in adult men: A retrospective multicenter study显示文摘Objective:To examine the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and the presence of lower urinary tract stones.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of men with lower urinary tract stones who presented to three clinical centers in Korea over a 4-year period.We divided the patients into two groups based on the location of urinary stones:Group 1(bladder calculi)and Group 2(urethral calculi).We compared the characteristics of both groups and performed univariate and multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between BPH and lower urinary tract stones.Results:Of 221 patients,194(87.8%)had bladder calculi and 27(12.2%)had urethral calculi.The mean age of Group 1 was higher than that of Group 2(68.9612.11 years vs.55.7414.20 years,p<0.001).The mean prostate volume of Group 1 was higher than that of Group 2(44.4727.14 mL vs.24.706.41 mL,respectively,p<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression showed that age(OR Z 1.075,95%CI:1.023e1.129)and prostate volume(OR Z 1.069,95%CI:1.017e1.123)were independently associated with increased risk for bladder calculi.Upper urinary tract stones and/or hydronephrosis conferred a 3-fold risk for urethral calculi(OR Z 3.468,95%CI:1.093e10.999).Conclusion:Age and prostate volume are independent risk factors for bladder calculi.In addition,men with upper urinary tract disease are at greater risk for urethral calculi,which may migrate from the upper urinary tract rather than from the bladder. | Jae Hung Jung Jinsung Park Won Tae Kim Hong Wook Kim Hyung Joon Kim Sungwoo Hong Hee Jo Yang Hong Chung | 2018 | Asian Journal of Urology2018，5，2： | 17 |
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