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| 1 | ABCD^(2) risk score does not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis显示文摘Introduction:ABCD^(2) risk score and cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler(TCD)have been separately shown to the predict risk of recurrent acute stroke.We studied whether ABCD2 risk score predicts cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Participants and methods:We studied 206 patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke and found to have critical carotid artery stenosis(≥50% ).86 patients(age 70±1(SEM:years),58 men,83 Caucasian)had evidence of microemboli;72(84% )of these underwent carotid endarterectomy(CEA).120 patients(age 72±1 years,91 men,113 Caucasian)did not have microemboli detected;102(85% )of these underwent CEA.Data were analysed using X2 and Mann–Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:140/206(68% :95% CI 61.63 to 74.37)patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid stenosis had an ABCD2 risk score≥4.There was no significant difference in the NICE red flag criterion for early assessment(ABCD^(2) risk score≥4)for patients with cerebral microemboli versus those without microemboli(59/86 vs 81/120 patients:OR 1.05 ABCD2 risk score≥4(95% CI 0.58 to 1.90,p=0.867)).The ABCD2 risk score was<4 in 27 of 86(31% :95% CI 21 to 41)embolising patients and in 39 of 120(31% :95% CI 23 to 39)without cerebral microemboli.After adjusting for pre-neurological event antiplatelet treatment(APT),area under the curve(AUC)of ROC for ABCD2 risk score showed no prediction of cerebral microemboli(no pre-event APT,n=57:AUC 0.45(95% CI 0.29 to 0.60,p=0.531);preevent APT,n=147:AUC 0.51(95% CI 0.42 to 0.60,p=0.804)).Conclusions:The ABCD2 score did not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli or carotid disease in over one-quarter of patients with symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis.On the basis of NICE guidelines(refer early if ABCD2≥4),assessment of high stroke risk based on ABCD2 scoring may lead to inappropriate delay in urgent treatment in many patients. | Mahmud Saedon Charles E Hutchinson Christopher H E Imray Donald R J Singer | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，2： | 6 |
| 2 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma显示文摘Renal cell carcinomas(RCC)make up about 90%of kidney cancers,of which 80%are of the clear cell subtype.About 20%of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis.Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy,but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC.Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective,leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies.This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma,discusses recent advances in combination therapies,and highlights therapeutic options under development.The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect.However,combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity.The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity.To date,five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration,with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy.Several other combination therapies are under development,including some in the phase 3 stage.The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles. | Viraj V Khetani Daniella E Portal Mansi R Shah Tina Mayer Eric A Singer | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Reducing multiclass to binary:a unifying approach for margin classifiers 显示文摘 | Allwein E L Schapire R E Singer Y | 2001 | The Journal of Machine Learning Research2001，1，： | 1 |
| 5 | Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions显示文摘 | SCHAPIRE R E SINGER Y | 1999 | Machine Learning1999，37，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions 显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 1999 | Machine Learning1999，37，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Recent developments in the spray forming of metals显示文摘 | SINGER A R E | 1985 | Inter J of Powder Metall and Powder Tech1985，21，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Improved Boosting Algorithms UsingConfidence-rated Predictions显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 1999 | Machine Learning1999，37，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Boostexter:A boosting-based system for text categorization显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 2000 | Machine Learning2000，39，23： | 1 |
| 10 | Improved Boosting algorithm using confidence-rated predictions显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 1999 | Machine Learning1999，37，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Boostexter: A boosting-based system for text categorization显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 2000 | Machine Learning2000，39，23： | 1 |
| 12 | BoosTexter: a boosting- based system for text categorization 显示文摘 | SCHAPIRE R E SINGER Y | 2000 | Machine Learn- ing2000，39，23： | 1 |
| 13 | The sleep disorders invcnroty an instrument for studiees of sleep disturbancc in persons with Alzheimets disease 显示文摘 | TRACTEN BENG R E SINGER C M CUMMINGS J L | 2003 | J Sleep Res2003，12，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Retrieval of Apparent Surface Reflectance from Aviris Data- A Comparison of Empirical Line, Radiative Transfer, and Spectral Mixture Methods显示文摘 | Farrand W H Singer R B Merenyi E | 1994 | Remote Sensing of Environment1994，47，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions 显示文摘 | Schapire R E Singer Y | 1999 | Machine Learning1999，37，3： | 1 |
| 16 | 显示文摘 | Singer A R E | 1970 | Metals and Materials1970，4，2： | 1 |
| 17 | X-ray diffraction of MoS2 coatings prepared byion-beam-assisted deposition显示文摘 | L E Seitzman R N Bolster I L Singer | 1992 | Surf Coat Technol1992，52，： | 1 |
| 18 | Interealibration of radioisotopic and astrochronologie time scales for the Ceno manian-Turonian boundary interval, Western Interior Basin, USA显示文摘 | Meyers S R Siewert S E Singer B S | 2012 | Geology2012，40，1： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Singer A R E | 1991 | Materials Science and Engineering A1991，135，： | 1 |
| 20 | Processing deficits in primary visual cortex of amblyopic cats显示文摘 | Schmidt K E Singer W Galuske R A | 2004 | J Neurophysiol2004，91，4： | 1 |
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