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| 1 | Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems显示文摘Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the Earth System in many diferent ways.Consumption,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the Earth System.Changes in the Earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious consequences.However,current models do not incorporate these critical feedbacks.We argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,Earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real systems.In particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the Earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population projections.his makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real Earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current models.he importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the Earth System,and the essential roles the Earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled Earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations. | Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin Klaus Hubacek Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，4： | 34 |
| 2 | Comparison of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score in evaluation of post septoplasty patients显示文摘Objective:To compare and correlate the efficacy of the NOSE score&the VAS score in determining the symptomatic benefit in patients undergoing septoplasty.Materials and methods:Eighty patients with deviated nasal septum undergoing septoplasty were included in the study.NOSE score&VAS score(out of 100)was documented before and after surgery.Results were correlated and compared statistically.Results:In the NOSE score,the most bothersome symptom was trouble breathing through the nose(85.83);followed by Nasal obstruction or blockage(82.50).Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement with NOSE score and VAS score in all patients at 1 month and 3 months.Spearman’s coefficient showed a positive correlation between the two,though the score improvement and patient satisfaction rate was significantly high with NOSE score.Conclusions:NOSE score and the VAS score both provide effective framework for evaluating treatment responses after septoplasty.However,the NOSE score showed higher improvement and better patient satisfaction rate when used to measure of nasal obstruction as compared to the VAS score. | Radhika Hiren Shukla Sanjana Vijay Nemade Kiran Jaywant Shinde | 2020 | World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery2020，6，1： | 28 |
| 3 | Acclimation and Tolerance Strategies of Rice under Drought Stress显示文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop and requires larger amount of water throughout its life cycle as compared to other crops. Hence,water related stress cause severe threat to rice production. Drought is a major challenge limiting rice production. It affects rice at morphological(reduced germination,plant height,plant biomass,number of tillers,various root and leaf traits),physiological(reduced photosynthesis,transpiration,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency,relative water content,chlorophyll content,photosystem Ⅱ activity,membrane stability,carbon isotope discrimination and abscisic acid content),biochemical(accumulation of osmoprotectant like proline,sugars,polyamines and antioxidants) and molecular(altered expression of genes which encode transcription factors and defence related proteins) levels and thereby affects its yield. To facilitate the selection or development of drought tolerant rice varieties,a thorough understanding of the various mechanisms that govern the yield of rice under water stress condition is a prerequisite. Thus,this review is focused mainly on recent information about the effects of drought on rice,rice responses as well as adaptation mechanisms to drought stress. | Veena PANDEY Alok SHUKLA | 2015 | Rice science2015，22，4： | 23 |
| 4 | Chemopreventive Effects of Black Tea Polyphenols in Mouse Skin Model of Carcinogenesis显示文摘In the present investigations, the antitumorigenic effect of black tea polyphenols (BTP) in twcrstage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was studied. The animals were initiated with a single 'subcarcinogenic' topical dose (52 μg/200 μl acetone ) of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). To evaluate the anti-tumour initiating activity, BTP was topically applied twice a week for three weeks prior to DMBA application, followed by topical treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (5 μg/200 μl acetone, 2x/wk. ) as promoter. For evaluation of antitumor promoting activity, BTP was applied prior to each treatment of TPA. BTP application showed marked inhibitory effect as antitumour initiator as well as antitumour promoter in mouse skin medel of two-stage carcinogenesis. Since initiation involves genetic pathway and tumour promotion involves epigenetic pathway, it seems that BTP exerts its antitumorigenic effect by altering both genetic and epigenetic | SEEMA JAVED N. K. MEHROTRA AND YOGESHWER SHUKLA(Laboratory of Environmental Chrcinogenesis, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box 80,Lucknow - 226001, India) | 1998 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1998，11，4： | 15 |
| 5 | Molecular approaches for the detection and monitoring of microbial communities in bioaerosols:A review显示文摘Bioaerosols significantly affect atmospheric processes while they undergo long-range vertical and horizontal transport and influence atmospheric chemistry and physics and climate change.Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to bioaerosols may cause adverse health effects,including severe disease.Studies of bioaerosols have primarily focused on their chemical composition and largely neglected their biological composition and the negative effects of biological composition on ecosystems and human health.Here,current molecular methods for the identification,quantification,and distribution of bioaerosol agents are reviewed.Modern developments in environmental microbiology technology would be favorable in elucidation of microbial temporal and spatial distribution in the atmosphere at high resolution.In addition,these provide additional supports for growing evidence that microbial diversity or composition in the bioaerosol is an indispensable environmental aspect linking with public health. | Keunje Yoo Tae Kwon Lee Eun Joo Choi Jihoon Yang Sudheer Kumar Shukla Sang-il Hwang Joonhong Park | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，1： | 13 |
| 6 | Epigenetic effects of ethanol on liver and gastrointestinal injury显示文摘Alcohol consumption causes cellular injury. Recent developments indicate that ethanol induces epigenetic alterations, particularly acetylation, methylation of histones, and hypo- and hypermethylation of DNA. This has opened up a new area of interest in ethanol research and is providing novel insight into actions of ethanol at the nucleosomal level in relation to gene expression and patho-physiological consequences. The epigenetic effects are mainly attributable to ethanol metabolic stress (Emess), generated by the oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol, and dysregulation of methionine metabolism. Epigenetic changes are important in ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, carcinoma and gastrointestinal injury. This editorial highlights these new advances and its future potential. | Shivendra D Shukla Annayya R Aroor | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，33： | 12 |
| 7 | Role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder显示文摘Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, infections, and life style factors has been proposed to be responsible for carcinogenesis of gallbladder. Persistence of infection leading to chronic inflammation, and production of certain toxins and metabolites with carcinogenic potentials, by certain bacteria has been speculated to be involved in the transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. Therefore, any bacteria that have evolved to acquire both of the above carcinogenic mechanisms can cause cancer. Salmonella typhi has been found to be prominently associated with CaGB. Chronic typhoid carriage (persistence) and production of mediators of chronic infl ammation and a genotoxic toxin (cytotoxic distending toxin, CdtB) are also known for this bacterium. Furthermore, the natural concentrating function of the gallbladder might amplify the carcinogenic effect of the mediators of carcinogenesis. In addition to S. typhi, certain species of Helicobacter (H. bilis and H. hepaticus) and Escherichia coli have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. As the isolation rate is verypoor with the presently available culture techniques, the existence of bacteria in a viable but non-cultivable state is quite likely; therefore, sensitive and specif ic molecular techniques might reveal the etiological role of bacterial infection in gallbladder carcinogenesis. If bacteria are found to be causing cancers, then eradication of such infections might help in reducing the incidence of some cancers. | Gopal Nath Anil K Gulati Vijay K Shukla | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，43： | 12 |
| 8 | Resveratrol inhibits matrix metalloproteinases to attenuate neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia:a molecular docking study exploring possible neuroprotection显示文摘The main pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is the structural alteration in the neurovascular unit, coinciding with neurovascular matrix degradation. Resveratrol has been reported to be one of the most potent chemopreventive agents that can inhibit cellular processes associated with ischemic stroke. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) has been considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. To explore this, we tried to investigate the interaction of resveratrol with MMPs through molecular docking studies. At 30 minutes before and 2 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, 40 mg/kg resveratrol was intraperitoneally administered. After resveratrol administration, neurological function and brain edema were significantly alleviated, cerebral infarct volume was significantly reduced, and nitrite and malondialdehyde levels in the cortical and striatal regions were significantly decreased. The molecular docking study of resveratrol and MMPs revealed that resveratrol occupied the active site of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The binding energy of the complexes was –37.848672 k J/mol and –36.6345 k J/mol for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. In case of MMP-2, Leu 164, Ala 165 and Thr 227 were engaged in H-Bonding with resveratrol and in case of MMP-9, H-bonding was found with Glu 402, Ala 417 and Arg 424 residues. These findings collectively reveal that resveratrol exhibits neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia through inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. | Anand Kumar Pandey Pallab Bhattacharya Swet Chand Shukla Sudip Paul Ranjana Patnaik | 2015 | Neural Regeneration Research2015，10，4： | 12 |
| 9 | Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains显示文摘Objective:To investigate the antibacterial potential of the polar and non-polar extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach(M.azedarach) L.(Meliaceae) against eighteen hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods:Petrol,benzene,ethyl acetate,methanol,and aqueous extracts at five different concentrations(1,2,5,10 and 15 mg/mL) were evaluated.Disk diffusion method was followed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy.Results:All extracts of the seeds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens.Among all extracts,ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest inhibition comparatively.The present study also favored the traditional uses reported earlier.Conclusions:Results of this study strongly confirm that the seed extracts of M.azedarach could be effective antibiotics,both in controlling gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic infections. | Abdul Viqar Khan Qamar Uddin Ahmed M Ramzan Mir Indu Shukla Athar Ali Khan | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，6： | 11 |
| 10 | Role of Moringa oleifera in regulation of diabetes-induced oxidative stress显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Atoringa oleifeta M.oleifera) young leaves by in vivo as well as in vitro assays.Methods:In vitro study included estimation of total phenolic,total ilavonol,total flavonoid and total antioxidant power(FRAP assay).Tn addition, in vivo study was done with the identified most effective dose of 200 nig/kg of its lyophilized powder on normal and diabetic rats.Its effect on different oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes,viz,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),lipid peroxide(LPO) contents were measured.Results:Significant increase in activities of SOD.CAT, GST while,a decrease in LPO content was observed.Whereas,total phenolic,flavonoid and ilavonol contents in the extract were found to be 120 mg/g of CAK,40.5 mg/g of QEK and 12.12 mg/g of QE,respectively.On the other hand.FRAP assay results of M.oleifera leaves was(85.00±5.00)μM of Fe^+/g of extract powder.Conclusions:The significant antioxidant activities of M.oleifera leaves from both in vivo as well as in vitro studies suggests that the regular intake of its leaves through diet can protect normal as well as diabetic patients against oxidative damage. | Dolly Jaiswal Prashant Kumar Rai Shikha Mehta Sanjukta Chatterji Surekha Shukla Devendra Kumar Rai Gaurav Sharma Bechan Sharma Shahidul khair Geeta Watal | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2013，6，6： | 11 |
| 11 | Mortality and morbidity in necrotizing pancreatitis managed on principles of step-up approach:7 years experience from a single surgical unit显示文摘AIM To determine percentage of patients of necrotizing pancreatitis(NP) requiring intervention and the types of interventions performed. Outcomes of patients of step up necrosectomy to those of direct necrosectomy were compared. Operative mortality, overall mortality, morbidity and overall length of stay were determined. METHODS After institutional ethics committee clearance and waiver of consent, records of patients of pancreatitis were reviewed. After excluding patients as per criteria, epidemiologic and clinical data of patients of NP was noted. Treatment protocol was reviewed. Data of patients in whom stepup approach was used was compared to those in whom it was not used. RESULTS A total of 41 interventions were required in 39% patients. About 60% interventions targeted the pancreatic necrosis while the rest were required to deal with the complications of the necrosis. Image guided percutaneous catheter drainage was done in 9 patients for infected necrosis all of whom required further necrosectomy and in 3 patients with sterile necrosis. Direct retroperitoneal or anterior necrosectomy was performed in 15 patients. The average time to first intervention was 19.6 d in the non step-up group(range 11-36) vs 18.22 d in the Step-up group(range 13-25). The average hospital stay in non step-up group was 33.3 d vs 38 d in step up group. The mortality in the step-up group was 0%(0/9) vs 13%(2/15) in the non step up group. Overall mortality was 10.3% while post-operative mortality was 8.3%. Average hospital stay was 22.25 d.CONCLUSION Early conservative management plays an important role in management of NP. In patients who require intervention, the approach used and the timing of intervention should be based upon the clinical condition and local expertise available. Delaying intervention and use of minimal invasive means when intervention is necessary is desirable. The step-up approach should be used whenever possible. Even when the classical retroperitoneal catheter drainage is not feasible, there should be an attempt to follow principles of step-up technique to buy time. The outcome of patients in the step-up group compared to the non stepup group is comparable in our series. Interventions for bowel diversion, bypass and hemorrhage control should be done at the appropriate times. | Deshpande Aparna Sunil Kumar Shukla Kamalkumar | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2017，9，10： | 11 |
| 12 | Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol enhances early postoperative recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy显示文摘Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary and evidence-based approach to reduce surgical stress and enhance recovery in the postoperative period. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of ERAS protocol in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with pancreatic/periampullary cancer who underwent PD between January 2016 to August 2017 were included in the study. As per the institute ERAS protocol, nasogastric tube(NGT) was removed on postoperative day(POD) 1 if output was less than 200 mL and oral sips were allowed; oral liquids were allowed on POD2; semisolid diet by POD3; abdominal drain was removed on POD 4 if output was less than 100 mL with no evidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF); normal diet was allowed on POD5. Discharge criteria on POD6 were afebrile, tolerating oral normal diet, pain free and no surgery related complications(defined as per the ISGPS definitions). Results: NGT was removed on POD1 in 45(90%) patients, abdominal drain removed by POD4 in 41(82%) and 43(86%) patients were discharged on POD6. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. Three(6%) patients had delayed gastric emptying(DGE). None had postoperative hemorrhage and POPF. Readmission rate was 8%. A significant relation was found between the length of hospital stay(LOS) with age( P < 0.05) and a marginal relation between LOS and postoperative albumin( P = 0.05). Conclusions: ERAS protocol can be safely followed in the perioperative care of patients who undergo PD. Early removal of NGT and allowing oral diet restore bowel function early. ERAS decreases the LOS and postoperative complications. | Ramasamy Mahendran Mallika Tewari Vinod Kumar Dixit Hari Shankar Shukla | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2019，18，2： | 9 |
| 13 | Load-settlement behaviour of a strip footing resting on iron ore tailings as a structural fill显示文摘This study presents a laboratory investigation of load-settlement behaviour of a strip footing resting on iron ore tailings used as a structural fill.The footing was placed at various depths in the tailings bed.The relative density of the tailings was varied as D_r = 50%,70%and 90%.An incremental load was applied on the footing while observing the settlement until the failure took place.The results obtained for tailings were compared with those for the sandy soil.It is observed that the load-bearing capacity and stiffness increase with an increase in footing embedment depth and relative density.Compared to load-settlement behaviour of Perth sandy soil,the tailings fill could have as high as 22 times and 13.5 times the load-bearing capacity and stiffness,respectively.Therefore,the replacement of sandy soil with iron ore tailings for structural fills is cost-effective,and moreover,this application contributes to environmental sustainability in construction. | Kuranchie Francis Atta Shukla Sanjay Kumar Habibi Daryoush Kazi Monir | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，2： | 8 |
| 14 | Homocysteine and copper interact to promote type 5 phosphodiesterase expression in rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle cells显示文摘瞄准:在类型 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5 ) 上学习人半胱氨酸和铜的效果在 cavernosal 的表示脉管的光滑的肌肉房间(CVSMC ) 并且调查超级氧化物(当人半胱氨酸和铜产生 O 2 · −, 和 O 2 · − 在上面, O 2 · −) 源于菸碱腺嘌 dinucleotide 磷酸盐 oxidase 调整 PDE5 表示。方法:从兔子阴茎导出的 CVSMC 与人半胱氨酸或铜氯化物被孵化与或没有超级氧化物为 16 h 的 dismutase (草皮)( 菸碱腺嘌 dinucleotide 磷酸盐禁止者) ,过氧化氢酶, sildenafil 柠檬酸盐,或 apocynin。PDE5 并且 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 脱氢酶(内部标准) 的表示用西方的污点分析被估计。在平行, O 2 · − spectrophotometrically 被测量。结果:CuCl 2 独自一个(多达 10 μmol/L ) 并且(多达 100 μmol/L ) 人半胱氨酸独自没与控制相比在 CVSMC 在 O 2 · − 形成上有效果。然而,当在一样的时间功课上共同孵化时,在联合,人半胱氨酸和 CuCl 2 显著地增加了 O 2 · − 形成,草皮堵住的效果,过氧化氢酶, apocynin,和 sildenafil (1 μmol/L ) 。PDE5 表示显著地也在与控制相比与人半胱氨酸和 CuCl 2, 孵化的 CVSMC 被增加。这效果被 16-h 合作孵化也与草皮,过氧化氢酶, apocynin 和 sildenafil 否定。结论:这代表位于编辑下面的新奇病原的机制,并且显示延长 sildenafil 使用的治疗学的行动通过这条小径的抑制部分地被调停。 | Matthew Hotston Jamie Y. Jeremy Jonathon Bloor Nick S. Greaves Raj Persad Gianni Angelini Nilima Shukla | 2008 | Asian Journal of Andrology2008，10，6： | 7 |
| 15 | Expression profile of cholecystokinin type-A receptor in gallbladder cancer and gallstone disease显示文摘BACKGROUND:Regulatory peptide receptors have attracted the interest of oncologists as a new promising approach for cancer pathology,imaging and therapy.Although cholecystokinin (CCK) is a potent modulator of gallbladder contractility and plays a potential role in pancreatic carcinogenesis through CCK type-A receptor (CCKAR),its role in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is still unknown and immunohistochemical detection of CCKAR in the gallbladder has not yet been reported.This novel case-control study aimed to investigate the expression profile of CCKAR in GBC and gallstone disease (GSD).METHODS:This study included 162 samples of gallbladder:94 from GBC and 68 from GSD.Expression of CCKAR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.The results were statistically correlated with disease history including age,sex,presence of gallstone,stage and differentiation.RESULTS:CCKAR was positive in 30/68 (44.1%) of GSD and 72/94 (76.6%) of GBC samples.Fifty-one of the 72 (70.8%) CCKAR-positive GBC samples showed over-expression.Interestingly,consistent results also appeared in the immunoblotting study.CONCLUSIONS:CCKAR expression was significantly increased in GBC compared to GSD.Moreover,CCKAR expression was associated with the degree of tumor differentiation,i.e.,less expression in poorly-differentiated tumors.Thus,it has future prognostic and therapeutic implications in the management of GBC. | Rajani Rai Mallika Tewari Mohan Kumar Tej Bali Singh Hari S Shukla | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，4： | 7 |
| 16 | A Novel Multi-agent Formation Control Law With Collision Avoidance显示文摘In this paper a stable formation control law that simultaneously ensures collision avoidance has been proposed.It is assumed that the communication graph is undirected and connected.The proposed formation control law is a combination of the consensus term and the collision avoidance term(CAT).The first order consensus term is derived for the proposed model,while ensuring the Lyapunov stability.The consensus term creates and maintains the desired formation shape,while the CAT avoids the collision.During the collision avoidance,the potential function based CAT makes the agents repel from each other.This unrestricted repelling magnitude cannot ensure the graph connectivity at the time of collision avoidance.Hence we have proposed a formation control law,which ensures this connectivity even during the collision avoidance.This is achieved by the proposed novel adaptive potential function.The potential function adapts itself,with the online tuning of the critical variable associated with it.The tuning has been done based on the lower bound of the critical variable,which is derived from the proposed connectivity property.The efficacy of the proposed scheme has been validated using simulations done based on formations of six and thirty-two agents respectively. | Arindam Mondal Laxmidhar Behera Soumya Ranjan Sahoo Anupam Shukla | 2017 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2017，4，3： | 7 |
| 17 | Surgical strategies for giant medial sphenoid wing meningiomas: a new scoring system for predicting extent of resection显示文摘BACKGROUND: Surgical management of giant medial sphenoid meningiomas (> or =5 cm in maximum dimension) is ex-tremely challenging due to their intimate relationship with vital neural structures like the optic nerve, cranial nerves of | Behari S Giri PJ Shukla D Jain VK Banerji D | 2008 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2008，6，3： | 7 |
| 18 | 优化下肢慢性创面愈合中的技术应用:共识文件(译文)显示文摘目的:慢性创面处理中技术创新随处可见。尽管多种技术得到了广泛的应用,但并不总是能够确保创面愈合的结局。这份共识文件为创面标准化处理的相关诊疗技术应用提供了循证研究依据。 | Raj Mani Divid J.Margolis Vijay Shukla Sadanori Akita Miltos Lazarides Alberto Piaggesi Vincent Falanga Luc Teot 谢挺 付小兵 Marco Romanelli Chris Attinger 韩春茂 陆树良 Sylvie Meaume 许樟荣 Vijay Viswanathan 孙晓芳 肖娴 | 2017 | 感染.炎症.修复2017，18，2： | 7 |
| 19 | Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles显示文摘The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug delivery.Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy,as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery,reduced side effects,and better treatment outcome.The development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes,nanoparticles,hydrogels,micelles,dendrimers,and mesoporous particles.A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases,such as diabetes,cancer,atherosclerosis,myocardial ischemia,asthma,pulmonary tuberculosis,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease.After successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials,many of these drugs have been marketed for human use,such as Abraxane®,Caelyx®,Mepact®,Myocet®,Emend®,and Rapamune®.Apart from drugs/compounds,novel therapeutic agents,such as peptides,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments.However,a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in humans.This review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical needs.Furthermore,the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases. | Akhand Pratap Singh Arpan Biswas Aparna Shukla Pralay Maiti | 2019 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2019，4，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Studies on the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108显示文摘Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (Trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incog-nita–wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens. | HASEEB Akhtar SHARMA Anita SHUKLA Prabhat Kumar | 2005 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2005，6，8： | 6 |
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