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| 1 | 肠道病毒71型的RT-PCR诊断及基因特征显示文摘2002~2003年从上海市和重庆市手足口病患儿的疱液标本中分离到10株病毒,其中上海9株,重庆1株。利用两对分别针对EV71和Cox.A16病毒VP1区的特异性引物,用RT PCR方法对病毒进行初步鉴别。根据PCR所用引物及PCR扩增出的产物片段大小不同,可初步判定出EV71和Cox.A16病毒的血清型别。RT PCR结果提示,上海分离到的9株病毒中,有2株为EV71,其余7株病毒为Cox.A16;重庆分离到的1株病毒为EV71。10株病毒的RT PCR产物经序列测定和分析证实,PCR定型结果正确,说明PCR法具有很高的特异性,可作为EV71初步鉴定的首选方法。对所分离的3株EV71病毒进行VP1区编码基因全序列的测定和遗传学分析,通过同源性比较和构建系统发生树发现,此3株EV71病毒和中国大陆已发表的7株EV71病毒(SHZH03、SHZH98、SH F1、SH F2、SH H25、SH H26和CHN 87)全部属于C基因型,与该型代表株比较,同源性为89 3%~94 6%;与A、B基因型代表株比较,同源性为81 3%~84 0%,差异较大。在C基因型中,此3株EV71病毒和中国大陆先前分离的6株病毒(SHZH03、SHZH98、SH F1、SH F2、SH H25、SH H26)的同源性较高,在94 5%~100%范围内。在系统发生树上,这9株病毒形成一个较独立的分支。与CHN 87株的同源性在92 1%~93 6%之间。与已知的C1、C2、C3亚型代表株比较,同源? | 崔爱利 许文波 李秀珠 胡家瑜 凌华 唐伟 杨智宏 张燕 陈立 Hiroyuki Shimizu | 2004 | 病毒学报2004，20，2： | 133 |
| 2 | Practical guidelines for diagnosis and early management of drug-induced liver injury显示文摘The spectrum of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is both diverse and complex. The fi rst step in diagnosis is a suspicion of DILI based on careful consideration of recent comprehensive reports on the disease. There are some situations in which the suspicion of DILI is particularly strong. Exclusion of other possible etiologies according to the pattern of liver injury is essential for the diagnosis. In patients with suspected DILI,diagnostic scales,such as the Councils for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/ Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (CIOMS/ RUCAM) scale,may be helpful for the fi nal diagnosis. Early management of DILI involves prompt withdrawal of the drug suspected of being responsible,according to serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),and total bilirubin (T-Bil). However,as DILI patients may show resolution of liver injury without discontinuation of the drug,it should be carefully evaluated whether the suspected drug should be discontinued immediately with adequate consideration of the importance of the medication. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，44： | 57 |
| 3 | Female hepatology:Favorable role of estrogen in chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),mainly as a result of chronic necroinflammatory liver disease. A characteristic feature of chronic hepatitis B infection,alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes,which,in turn,activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are the primary target cells for inflammatory and oxidative stimuli,and these cells produce extracellular matrix components. Chronic hepatitis B appears to progress more rapidly in males than in females,and NAFLD,cirrhosis and HCC are predominately diseases that tend to occur in men and postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women have lower hepatic iron stores and a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Hepatic steatosis has been observed in aromatase-deficient mice,and has been shown to decrease in animals after estradiol treatment. Estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant which suppresses hepatic fibrosis in animal models,and attenuates induction of redox sensitive transcription factors,hepatocyte apoptosis and HSC activation by inhibiting a generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. Variant estrogen receptors are expressed to a greater extent in male patients with chronic liver disease than in females. These lines of evidence suggest that the greater progression of hepatic fibrosis and HCC in men and postmenopausal women may be due,at least in part,to lower production of estradiol and a reduced response to the action of estradiol. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the sex-associated differences in hepatic fibrogenesis and carciogenesis may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease. | Ichiro Shimizu Nao Kohno Katsuyoshi Tamaki Masayuki Shono Hui-Wei Huang Jiang-Hong He Deng-Fu Yao | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，32： | 49 |
| 4 | Gut microbiota and liver diseases显示文摘Several studies revealed that gut microbiota are associated with various human diseases,e.g.,metabolic diseases,allergies,gastroenterological diseases,and liver diseases.The liver can be greatly affected by changes in gut microbiota due to the entry of gut bacteria or their metabolites into the liver through the portal vein,and the liver-gut axis is important to understand the pathophysiology of several liver diseases,especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy.Moreover,gut microbiota play a significant role in the development of alcoholic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.Based on theseprevious findings,trials using probiotics have been performed for the prevention or treatment of liver diseases.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of the changes in gut microbiota associated with various liver diseases,and we describe the therapeutic trials of probiotics for those diseases. | Masami Minemura Yukihiro Shimizu | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 41 |
| 5 | Changes in growth factor and cytokine expression in biliary obstructed rat liver and their relationship with delayed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy显示文摘瞄准:在部分肝切除术以后在肝新生上学习妨碍的黄疸的效果。方法: Hepatocyte 生长因素( HGF ),它的受体, 遇见c ,脉管的内皮生长因素( VEGF )和转变生长在肝织物和孤立的肝细胞的 factor-beta1 ( TGF-beta1 ) mRNA 表示被量的反向抄写的聚合酶链反应( RT-PCR )用 LightCycler 在胆汁的阻塞( BO )以后调查。为 desmin 和 alpha 光滑的肌肉肌动朊(alpha-SMA ) 染色的 Immunohistochemical 也被学习。标记的原子抗原(PCNA ) 索引的再生肝重量和增殖的房间,和生长因素表示然后与伴随物在 70% 肝切除术以后被评估在 BO 老鼠或假冒操作老鼠的内部胆汁的排水。结果:肝的 TGF-beta1 mRNA 层次显著地在 BO 以后增加了 14 天,并且进一步与胆汁郁积的持续时间增加了。同时, HGF 和 VEGF 趋于增加,但是不是重要的。在房间孤立, TGF-beta1 mRNA 主要在肝的星形的房间(HSC ) 被发现部分。Immunohistochemical 研究揭示了 HSC (desmin 积极的房间) 的一个增加的数字并且在 BO 以后在门区域激活 HSC (alpha-SMA-positive 房间) 。在一个肝切除术模型,肝新生在 BO 老鼠被推迟,作为与假冒操作老鼠相比。在肝切除术,和更早的 HGF mRNA 山峰沉醉于 BO 老鼠以后, TGF-beta1 mRNA 是显著地起来调整的直到 48 h。结论:BO 导致 HSC 增长和激活,导致 TGF-beta1 mRNA 的起来规定和在肝的 HGF mRNA 的抑制。这些改变的表示模式可以强烈与妨碍的黄疸在肝切除术以后涉及推迟的肝新生。 | Hironobu Makino Hiroaki Shimizu Hiroshi Ito Fumio Kimura Satoshi Ambiru Akira Togawa Masayuki Ohtsuka Hiroyuki Yoshidome Atsushi Kato Hideyuki Yoshitomi Shigeaki Sawada Masaru Miyazaki | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，13： | 32 |
| 6 | Diagnosis and Treatment of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars—Japan Scar Workshop Consensus Document 2018显示文摘There has been a long-standing need for guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars that are based on an understanding of the pathomechanisms that underlie these skin fibrotic diseases.This is particularly true for clinicians who deal with Asian and African patients because these ethnicities are highly prone to these diseases.By contrast,Caucasians are less likely to develop keloids and hypertrophic scars,and if they do,the scars tend not to be severe.This ethnic disparity also means that countries vary in terms of their differential diagnostic algorithms.The lack of clear treatment guidelines also means that primary care physicians are currently applying a hotchpotch of treatments,with uneven outcomes.To overcome these issues,the Japan Scar Workshop(JSW)has created a tool that allows clinicians to objectively diagnose and distinguish between keloids,hypertrophic scars,and mature scars.This tool is called the JSW Scar Scale(JSS)and it involves scoring the risk factors of the individual patients and the affected areas.The tool is simple and easy to use.As a result,even physicians who are not accustomed to keloids and hypertrophic scars can easily diagnose them and judge their severity.The JSW has also established a committee that,in cooperation with outside experts in various fields,has prepared a Consensus Document on keloid and hypertrophic scar treatment guidelines.These guidelines are simple and will allow even inexperienced clinicians to choose the most appropriate treatment strategy.The Consensus Document is provided in this article.It describes(1)the diagnostic algorithm for pathological scars and how to differentiate them from clinically similar benign and malignant tumors,(2)the general treatment algorithms for keloids and hypertrophic scars at different medical facilities,(3)the rationale behind each treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars,and(4)the body site-specific treatment protocols for these scars.We believe that this Consensus Document will be helpful for physicians from all over the world who treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. | Rei Ogawa Sadanori Akita Satoshi Akaishi Noriko Aramaki-Hattori Teruyuki Dohi Toshihiko Hayashi Kazuo Kishi Taro Kono Hajime Matsumura Gan Muneuchi Naoki Murao Munetomo Nagao Keisuke Okabe Fumiaki Shimizu Mamiko Tosa Yasuyoshi Tosa Satoko Yamawaki Shinichi Ansai Norihisa Inazu Toshiko Kamo Reiko Kazki Shigehiko Kuribayashi | 2019 | Burns & Trauma2019，7，1： | 31 |
| 7 | T cell immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis B is caused by the host immune response and T cells play a major role in the immunopathogenesis. More importantly,T cells not only destroy hepatocytes infected by hepatitis B virus(HBV),but also control HBV replication or eradicate HBV in a noncytolytic manner.Therefore,analysis of T cell immune response during acute and chronic HBV infection is important to develop a strategy for successful viral control,which could lead to immunotherapy for terminating persistent HBV infection.There have been many attempts at immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection,and some have shown promising results.High viral load has been shown to suppress antiviral immune responses and immunoinhibitory signals have been recently elucidated, therefore,viral suppression by nucleos(t)ide analogs, stimulation of antiviral immune response,and suppression of the immunoinhibitory signals must be combined to achieve desirable antiviral effects. | Yukihiro Shimizu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，20： | 29 |
| 8 | One-step palliative treatment method for obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable malignancies by percutaneous transhepatic insertion of an expandable metallic stent显示文摘瞄准:为了描述包含可扩充的金属的经皮的 transhepatic 插入的一个简单一步舞方法,在妨碍的黄疸的治疗使用的斯滕特氏印模膏(他们) 由 unresectable 恶意引起了。方法:由于 unresectable 恶意与妨碍的黄疸诊断的十四个病人在学习被包括。在这些病人的恶意是很先进的癌或老年的结果。经皮的 transhepatic 胆管造影术在 ultrasonographic 指导下面被执行。在有一个内部金属性的指南的一根导管是先进的进十二指肠以后,一他们被放在胆总管,在一个点之间在到肝的核的 Vater 和入口的乳头状的小突起以外的 1 厘米。在用就一个单身者跨越距离是困难的情况中他们,另外的斯滕特氏印模膏被放。一根排水导管在地方被离开充当一把止血钳子。在胆汁郁积和斯滕特氏印模膏明显的分辨率被证实以后,导管被移开 2 或 3 d 过程以后。结果:EMS 的一步舞插入与 24.4 min 的一过程平均数时间在所有病人被完成。从要求了 2 他们的病人, 4 需要一过程时间超过 30 min。导管的移动的吝啬的时间过程以后是 2.3 d。所有病人与 7.8 瞬间的一吝啬的后续时间死于恶意。没有 stent 相关的复杂并发症或斯滕特氏印模膏阻塞被遇到。结论:他们的一步舞经皮的 transhepatic 插入是为决定胆汁的阻塞和罐头有效地改进病人生命的质量的一个简单过程。 | Hiroshi Yoshida Yasuhiro Mamada Nobuhiko Taniai Yoshiaki Mizuguchi Tetsuya Shimizu Shigeki Yokomuro Takayuki Aimoto Yoshiharu Nakamura Eiji Uchida Yasuo Arima Manabu Watanabe Eiichi Uchida Takashi Tajiri | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，15： | 28 |
| 9 | Long-term rice-rice-green manure rotation changing the microbial communities in typical red paddy soil in South China显示文摘On the basis of a long-term(30 years) field experiment that involved four rotation systems, rice-rice-winter fallow(RRF), rice-rice-ryegrass(RRG), rice-rice-rape(RRP), and rice-rice-milk vetch(RRV), this study described the effects of green manure on the microbial communities in the red paddy soils using 454 pyrosequencing for the 16 S r RNA gene. The Chao1 richness and non-parametric Shannon's index increased in all soil samples that received green manure treatments. The communities' structures with the green manure applications were significantly dissimilar from that under the winter fallow. Using Metastats tests, many genera in the RRG, RRP and RRV soils were significantly different from those in the RRF soil, including a number of genera that functioned in the nitrogen and sulfur cycles. Analyses of the genera with these functions revealed the shifts in microbial ecosystem functions after long-term green manuring. Changes in the microbial communities increased the ammonium supply and decreased the soil acidification in green-manure-amended soils. Together, these data suggested powerful effects of green manure on both the microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycle driven by the shifts in bacterial functional groups. | GAO Song-juan ZHANG Ren-gang CAO Wei-dong FAN Yuan-yuan GAO Ju-sheng HUANG Jing BAI Jin-shun ZENG Nao-hua CHANG Dan-na Shimizu Katsu-yoshi Kristian Thorup-Kristensen | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，12： | 25 |
| 10 | J波综合征专家上海共识:概念与认知的更新显示文摘序言
J波综合征(J wave syndromes,JW Ss),包括Brugada综合征(BrS)和早复极综合征(ERS)。有关Br S,在2000年和2004年分别举行了BrS的国际专家共识会议;有关ERS,直到2013年才在原发性遗传性心律失常专家共识里做出了针对ERS的指导意见。在2015年4月,心脏节律协会(HRS)、欧洲心脏节律协会(EHRA)和亚洲太平洋心脏节律协会(APHRS)的主要专家成员组成的工作组聚集在中国上海,审查了有关JWSs的新证据, | Charles Antzelevitch 严干新 Michael J.Ackerman Martin Borggrefe Domenico Corrado 郭继鸿(审核) Ihor Gussak Can Hasdemir Minoru Horie Heikki Huikuri 马长生 Hiroshi Morita Gi-Byoung Nam Frederic Sacher Wataru Shimizu Sami Viskin Arthur A.M.Wilde 刘霄燕(译) 揭起强(译) 吴林(审核) | 2016 | 临床心电学杂志2016，25，3： | 21 |
| 11 | 非球面表面形状的线测量技术显示文摘描述了一种在超精密磨削机床上基于误差分离法的非球面表面形状精密测量系统 .首先 ,论述了一般用于平面形状测量的两点法不能直接用于非球面形状测量的原因在于测头的设置误差会引起很大的形状测量误差 .提出了先通过两点法测量平面形状得出机床的运动误差 ,然后对测量非球面形状的另外一个测头的输出进行补偿以得出正确的非球面形状 .用此系统测量了一个直径为 3 0mm的非球面镜头的表面形状 . | ARAI Yoshikazu 高伟 SHIMIZU Hiroki KIYONO Satoshi KURIYAGAWA Tsunemoto | 2004 | 纳米技术与精密工程2004，2，3： | 20 |
| 12 | Short term results of endoscopic submucosal dissection in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms. METHODS: Between July 2007 and March 2009, 27 consecutive superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms in 25 enrolled patients were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. The therapeutic efficacy, complications, and follow-up results were assessed. RESULTS: The mean size of the lesions was 21 ± 13 mm (range 2-55 mm); the mean size of the resection specimens was 32 ± 12 mm (range 10-70 mm). The enblock resection rate was 100% (27/27), and en block resection with tumor-free lateral/basal margins was 88.9% (24/27). Perforation occurred in 1 patient who was managed by conservative medical treatments. None of the patients developed local recurrence or distant metastasis in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is applicable to superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms with promising results. | Kouichi Nonaka Shin Arai Keiko Ishikawa Masamitsu Nakao Yousuke Nakai Osamu Togawa Koji Nagata Michio Shimizu Yutaka Sasaki Hiroto Kita | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，2： | 19 |
| 13 | Predictors of kidney tubular dysfunction induced by adefovir treatment for chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To investigate the predictors of proximal kidney tubular dysfunction(PKTD)induced by adefovir dipivoxil(ADV)treatment for chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Seventy-nine patients(age at the evaluation of PKTD:56.9±10.7 years)with chronic hepatitis B undergoing long-term oral antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment were consecutively recruited.PKTD was defined by the presence of at least two of the following five abnormalities:phosphate diabetes,nondiabetic glucosuria,metabolic acidosis,β2-microglobulinuria,or renal hypouricemia.The single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the SLC22A6 gene encoding human organic anion transporter 1(h OAT1)and ABCC2 encoding multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2)were analyzed using the Taq Man Allelic Discrimination Demonstration Kit.RESULTS:Nine(30.0%)of the 30 ADV-treated patients were diagnosed with PKTD,while no patients without ADV developed PKTD(P<0.001).Three patients with ADV were diagnosed with symptomatic osteomalacia.Among the patients who took ADV,those with PKTD were of higher age at initiation,had significantly longer treatment duration,and had a significantly lower body mass index than those without PKTD.The incidence of PKTD dramatically increased after 96 mo from the start of ADV administration.In contrast,the SNPs were not correlated with PKTD.Logistic regression analysis extracted older age at initiation(OR=5.0,95%CI:1.1-23.4;P=0.040)and longer treatment duration(OR=3.2,95%CI:1.2-8.6;P=0.020)as significant factors associated with PKTD.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the tubular function of the kidney of older patients undergoing longterm ADV treatment should be carefully evaluated. | Motohiro Shimizu Norihiro Furusyo Hiroaki Ikezaki Eiichi Ogawa Takeo Hayashi Takeshi Ihara Yuji Harada Kazuhiro Toyoda Masayuki Murata Jun Hayashi | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，7： | 18 |
| 14 | Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins regulate sinusoidal regeneration and remodeling after partial hepatectomy in rats显示文摘AIM: To study the regulatory mechanisms of sinusoidal regeneration after partial hepatectomy.METHODS: We investigated the expression of angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in regenerating liver tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics) and also immunohistochemical staining after 70% hepatectomy in rats. In the next step, we isolated liver cells (hepatocytes,sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC), Kupffer cell, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC)) from regenerating liver tissue by in situ collagenase perfusion and counterflow elutriation,to determine potential cellular sources of these angiogenic factors after hepatectomy. Proliferation and apoptosis of SECs were also evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.RESULTS: VEGF mRNA expression increased with a peak at 72 h after hepatectomy, decreasing thereafter.The expression of Ang-1 mRNA was present at detectable levels before hepatectomy and increased slowly with a peak at 96 h. Meanwhile, Ang-2 mRNA was hardly detected before hepatectomy, but was remarkably induced at 120 and 144 h. In isolated cells, VEGF mRNA expression was found mainly in the hepatocyte fraction.Meanwhile, mRNA for Ang-1 and Ang-2 was foundin the SEC and HSC fractions, but was more prominent in the latter. The PCNA labeling index of SECs increased slowly,reaching a peak at 72 h, whereas apoptotic SECs were detected between 120 h and 144 h.CONCLUSION: Ang-Tie system, together with VEGF,plays a critical role in regulating balance between SEC proliferation and apoptosis during sinusoidal regeneration after hepatectomy. However, the VEGF system plays a more important role in the early phase of sinusoidal regeneration than angiopoietin/Tie system. | Hiroaki Shimizu Noboru Mitsuhashi Masayuki Ohtsuka Hiroshi Ito Fumio Kimura Satoshi Ambiru Akira Togawa Hiroyuki Yoshidome Atsushi Kato Masaru Miyazaki | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 17 |
| 15 | 胃肠的内视镜的 submucosal 解剖材料的病理学的评估基于日本指南显示文摘 Endoscopic surgery first started as snare polypectomy and then progressed to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). In order to resect a lesion that is more than 2 cm, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed. ESD therapy has now been established and is being used for early stage neoplastic lesions in the stomach, colon, esophagus, larynx and pharynx. In ESD specimens, we deal with relatively small lesions; therefore, more meticulous and precise pathological diagnosis is required compared to that in surgically resected specimens. In addition, we should be expert in the eligibility criteria of the different organs for ESD therapy. Here, we explain the biopsy diagnosis, including the Japanese group classification as well as the Vienna classification, handling the specimen, including fixation, photography, cutting and paraffin embedding, histological type, depth, vascular invasion and evaluation of the surgical margins, based on the latest Japanese guidelines. Japanese histopathology diagnostic criteria for the stomach, colon and esophagus are also described. We also demonstrate some examples of those mentioned above. | Koji Nagata Michio Shimizu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，11： | 16 |
| 16 | Progress in numerical simulation of cavitating water jets显示文摘This paper reviews recent progress made toward modeling of cavitation and numerical simulation of cavitating water jets. Properties of existing cavitation models are discussed and a compressible mixture flow method for the numerical simulation of highspeed water jets accompanied by intensive cavitation is introduced. Two-phase fluids media of cavitating flow are treated as a homogeneous bubbly mixture and the mean flow is computed by solving Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for compressible fluid. The intensity of cavitation is evaluated by the gas volume fraction, which is governed by the compressibility of bubble-liquid mixture corresponding to the status of mean flow field. Numerical results of cavitating water jet issuing from an orifice nozzle are presented and its applicability to intensively cavitating jets is demonstrated. However, the effect of impact pressure caused by collapsing of bubbles is neglected, and effectively coupling of the present compressible mixture flow method with the dynamics of bubbles remains to be a challenge. | PENG Guoyi SHIMIZU Seiji | 2013 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2013，25，4： | 16 |
| 17 | Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases显示文摘Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been shown to affect gene expression,protein metabolism,apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes,and insulin resistance.They have also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro,and are essential for lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell maturation.In patients with advanced chronic liver disease,BCAA concentrations are low,whereas the concentrations of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine are high,conditions that may be closely associated with hepatic encephalopathy and the prognosis of these patients.Based on these basic observations,patients with advanced chronic liver disease have been treated clinically with BCAA-rich medicines,with positive effects. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 16 |
| 18 | Gut microbiota in common elderly diseases affecting activities of daily living显示文摘Gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes,fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer,breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer'sdisease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living(ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. Gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal barriers.Thus, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL. | Yukihiro Shimizu | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，42： | 15 |
| 19 | Liver physiology and liver diseases in the elderly显示文摘The liver experiences various changes with aging that could affect clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with liver diseases.Both liver volume and blood flow decrease significantly with age.These changes and decreased cytochrome P450 activity can affect drug metabolism,increasing susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury.Immune responses against pathogens or neoplastic cells are lower in the elderly,although these individuals may be predisposed to autoimmunity through impairment of dendritic cell maturation and reduction of regulatory T cells.These changes in immune functions could alter the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases,as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Moreover,elderly patients have significantly decreased reserve functions of various organs,reducing their tolerability to treatments for liver diseases.Collectively,aged patients show various changes of the liver and other organs that could affect the clinical characteristics and management of liver diseases in these patients. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 15 |
| 20 | 21号染色体特异性柯斯质粒DNA克隆区域定位显示文摘为提高检测21号染色体数目和结构异常的精确性,应用digoxigenin-11-dUTP通过缺口平移法标记D13Z1/D21Z1和6个柯斯质粒(Cosmid)DNA克隆,将标记后的D13Z1/D21Z1和6个柯斯质粒DNA克隆双探针与正常二倍体细胞系染色体进行荧光原位杂交(FISH),结合Q显带方法将6个柯斯质粒DNA克隆定位于21q22;用柯斯质粒DNA克隆探针与两个已知的平衡易位细胞系GM9542和8327L的染色体进行荧光原位杂交,检测并分析杂交信号在两个平衡易位细胞系染色体上的分布,结果表明柯斯质粒DNA克隆精确定位于21q22.2,6个柯斯质粒DNA克隆定位结果一致。 | 李福才 孙开来 N Shimizu | 1996 | 中华医学遗传学杂志1996，13，6： | 14 |
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