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| 1 | The deformation pattern and fault rate in the Tianshan Mountains inferred from GPS observations显示文摘Based on GPS measurements conducted from 1992 to 2006, we present the current crustal movement velocity field for approximately 400 sites in the Tianshan Mountains and their adjacent areas, and estimate slip rates on the major faults using a 2-D elastic dislocation model. Our studies show slip rates within the range of 1―4 mm/a on the NW-SE trending strike-slip faults (such as Talas-Fergana fault) in the Tianshan Mountains. We also found the slip rates on the approximately WE-SN trending gently-dipping detachment fault vary from 10―13 mm/a for the southwest Tianshan Mountains to 2―5 mm/a for the eastern Tianshan Mountains, and to 6―12 mm/a for the Kyrgrz Tianshan. The GPS velocity field reveals that the total convergence is not uniformly distributed across the Tianshan Mountains, with 80%―90% of the N-S shortening absorbed along the southern and northern edges, and relatively little deformation accommodated within the interior. This first-order feature of strain pattern is explained best by underthrusting of adjacent blocks beneath the Tianshan Mountains along a basal detachment fault. We found the occurrence of historical M7―8 earthquakes somewhere in the locked ramp that connects the creeping and locking segments of the detachment, thereby resulting in elastic strain concentration and accumulation around it. The elastic strain confined in the upper crustal layer above the detachment ultimately releases through infrequent great earthquakes in the Tianshan Mountains, resulting in considerable folding and faulting at their margins. The Tianshan Mountains propagated outward and rose progressively as a wedge-shaped block. | YANG ShaoMin1,2, LI Jie1,3 & WANG Qi2,1 1 Research Center of Space Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China 3 Earthquake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 43 |
| 2 | The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan显示文摘The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough. | ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100085, China 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, Beijing 100037, China 4. School of Exploration and Information, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，9： | 39 |
| 3 | Contemporary crustal movement of continental China obtained by global positioning system(GPS) measurements显示文摘We obtain a unified horizontal velocity field of continental China and vicinity through measurements at 81 GPS stations provided by the National Key Infrastructure Project, Crustal Movement Observation Network of China. The velocity field delineates patterns of movements and deformation of active crustal blocks in continental China under the Eurasia-fixed reference frame. The space-based geodesy also clearly shows for the first time the horizontal movementand deformation of continental China induced by indentation of the Indian plate. The data provide kinematic constraints for simulating dynamic process of continental litho-spheric deformation. | MA Zongjin, CHEN Xinlian, YE Shuhua, LAI Xian, WEI Ziqing, CHEN Junrong, NING Jinsheng, XU Huoze & DING Guoyu1. Insitute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China (e-mail: disgroup@publi.bta.net.cn)2. Center for Analysis and Prediction, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China 3. Shanghai Astronomic Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China 4. Institute of Seismology, China Seismological Bureau, Wuhan 430077, China 5. Institute of Survey and Mapping, Xi’an 710054, China 6. National Bureau of Survey and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China 7. Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China 8. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Wuhan 430077, China 9. China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，18： | 34 |
| 4 | S-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication显示文摘Receiver function of body wave under the 23 stations in Yunnan was extracted from 3-component broadband digital recording of teleseismic event. Thus, the S-wave velocity structure and distribution characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crust of Yunnan are obtained by inversion.The results show that the crustal thickness is gradually thinned from north to south. The crustal thickness in Zhongdian of northwest reaches as many as 62.0 km and the one in Jinghong of further south end is only 30.2 km. What should be especially noted is that there exists a Moho upheaval running in NS in the Chuxiong region and a Moho concave is generally parallel to it in Dongchuan. In addition, there exists an obvious transversal inhomogeneity for the S-wave veIocity structure in upper mantle and crust in the Yunnan region. The low velocity layer exists not only in 10.0-15.0 km in upper crust in some regions, but also in 30.0-40.0 km in lower crust.Generally, the Poisson's ratio is on the high side, however it has a better corresponding relation to the crustal velocity structure. An obvious block distribution feature is still shown on such a high background of Poisson's ratio. It is discovered by synthetically analyzing the velocity structure and Poisson's ratio distribution that there are high Poisson's ratio and complicated crust-mantle velocity structure feature in the Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond Block with Xiaojiang fault to be the east boundary and Yulong Snow Mountain fault to be the west boundary besides the frequent seismicity. This feature differs obviously from that of surrounding areas, which would provide geophysical evidence to deeply study the eastwardly flowage of lithospheric substances in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. | HU Jiafu, SU Youjin, ZHU Xiongguan & CHEN Yun Geophysical Department of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650041, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，2： | 30 |
| 5 | Crustal structure of Gondwana-and Yangtze-typed blocks:An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan显示文摘The wide-angle seismic profile between Menglian and Malong crosses the Baoshan block (Gondwana-typed), and Simao and southwestern Yangtze blocks (Yangtze-typed). By in-terpreting the wide-angle seismic data, we obtained the seismic crust/upper mantle structure of P-wave velocities together with the seismic reflections of these three blocks, Changning- Menglian and Mojiang suture zones among the mentioned three blocks. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the P-wave crustal velocity of Simao block is slower than that of Baoshan and southwestern Yangtze block and the crustal thickness gradually thickens from the Baoshan block, Simao to southwestern Yangtze block. Crustal reflection patterns of these three blocks have dis-tinct differences too. For the Gondwana-typed blocks, seismic reflections in the upper crust are well developed while in middle-lower crust they are very weak. The crustal reflections in the Yangtze block are very well developed. The crustal reflection patterns in Simao and southwest-ern Yangtze blocks are distinguishable. The average thickness of the crust in the studied area is about 40 km. And we make some discussions on the crustal thickening model of the three blocks in western Yunnan and tectonic setting of seismic developing and interaction of Gondwana and Yangtze blocks. | ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, SUN Shanxue1 & WANG Xinzheng1 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100081, China 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 30 |
| 6 | Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction显示文摘Two types of changes in apparent resistivity (AR) have been linked to earthquake occurrences. This paper studies the changes and their causes, in detail with the ultimate purpose of developing and assessing a method of earthquake (EQ) prediction. The AR changes of the first type (CFT) are considered to be precursors related to earthquakes (EQs); these appear mostly in the medium-term period before EQs and in the short-term period preceding EQs. The changes of the second type (CST) are characterized by a turning anomaly of a long-trend AR variation or the drastically descending/ascending anomaly superimposed on such a variation; these appear synchronously in large areas, such as the Chinese mainland, and northern and northwestern China, ect. Their spatio-temporal clusters correspond well to high seismicities in the areas and distant great EQs around the Chinese mainland. Based on the behaviors of the two types of changes, the AR changes observed prior to the Ms8.0 Wenchuan EQ of 2008 are studied. The results show that in the medium-term period before the EQ, noticeable anomalies appeared synchronously at four stations around the Songpan-Ganzi active block, but only weak upward changes were observed in the short-term period preceding the EQ, which caused the prediction of the imminent EQ to fail. | DU XueBin1,2 1Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China 2Lanzhou Base of Earthquake Science Institute, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，1： | 27 |
| 7 | Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics显示文摘On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North China, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North China platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North China Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North China platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North China craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North China platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North China in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the crustal extensional thinning in Cenozoic, however, the material and structure of lithosphere mantle-crust were formed during the Yanshanian orogenic movement. In the Cenozoic Period, the rift-type lithosphere, as represented by the North China plain, was formed by the continental rifting occurring in the eastern part of North China. The continental granitic crust, which had been “acidified” at the Yanshanian period, was basified again by the eruption of basalt magma along the continental rifting, and the subcontinental lithosphere mantle formed in Yanshanian was de- stroyed and replaced by the Himalayan mantle which consists mainly of lherzolite. Both the crust and the lithospheric mantle in the rift have undergone extensional thinning and thermal erosion at lithospheric-scale, the material and structure of the present mantle-crust lithosphere, attained from geophysical exploration, was formed in Cenozoic. The formation and evolution of litho- sphere in North China indicate that the material and heat transferred by convective mantle into the continental crust was the key for different types of lithosphere forming, and the crust-mantle petrologic structure was the records of lithosphere evolution, and it was the integrated results of the deep processes of the China continental dynamic system and the Pacific Plate subduction located in the eastern margin of the North China platform in Mesozoic-Cenozoic time. | QIU Ruizhao1,2, DENG Jinfu3, ZHOU Su3, LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3 1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China 2. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China 3. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 4. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 25 |
| 8 | Magma underplating and Hannuoba present crust-mantle transitional zone composition: Xenolith petrological and geochemical evidence显示文摘On the basis of mineral assemblage, mineralogy, petrology, and major, trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite- and eclogite-facies accumulate, peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Hannuoba Cenozoic basalts, this work con-strained the petrological constituents for the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is supported by the results of high-temperature and pressure velocity experiments on rocks and geophysics deep survey. Present lower part of lower crust is mainly composed of granulite-facies mafic accumu-lates (dominantly plagioclase websterite) and crust-mantle transitional zone dominantly com-posed of eclogite-facies pyroxenites with or without garnet and spinel lherzolites; Archaean ter-rain granulite is only nominally early lower crust. Magma underplating in the crust-mantle boundary led to the crustal vertical accretion and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is a significant mechanism for the chemical adjustment of the crust-mantle boundary since the Phanerozoic. | FAN Qicheng1,2, ZHANG Hongfu1, SUI Jianli1, ZHAI Mingguo1, SUN Qian2 & LI Ni2 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，8： | 20 |
| 9 | Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance显示文摘The Yingfeng rapakivi granite on the north flank of Qaidam is a newly discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in China, which was found after the discovery of Shachang rapakivi in Miyun County, Beijing and Kuandian rapakivi in Jilin Province. Yingfeng rapakivi pluton is ex-posed on the north side of the suture belt between Qinling-Kunlun orogenic belt and North China plate. U-Pb zircon isotopic dating and Ar-Ar isotopic dating of both hornblende and K-feldspar from the Yingfeng rapakivi granite have been conducted. The results show that the age of (1776±33)Ma at the upper intercept in Concorde diagram represents the age of formation of the plu-ton, whereas the age of (526 281) Ma at the lower intercept and Ar-Ar mineral dating of horn-blende and K-feldspar correspond to the age of a later event affecting the pluton, suggesting that Yingfeng pluton has ever been affected by strong regional Caledonian-Hercynian tectonic movement after its formation. The discovery of middle Proterozoic Yingfeng rapakivi granite pro-vides a petrologic evidence for the timing of cratonization of both the continental crust basement in western China and the basement of the North China plate and for a rifting event taking place in the mid-Proterozoic, suggesting that an amalgamation of ancient China continents had ever happened during the L liang Movement?between the early Proterozoic and the mid-Proterozoic. | XIAO Qinghui1,2, LU Xinxiang1,3, WANG Fei4, SUN Yangui5, WEI Xiangdong3 & XING Zuoyun6 1. Division of Granite Geology, China Geological Survey, Yichang 443003, China 2. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China 3. Geological Survey of Henan Province and Institute of Geological Research of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450053, China 4. Geological Institute, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China 5. Geological Survey Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810032, China 6. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，4： | 20 |
| 10 | Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang显示文摘The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of Xinjiang, China, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in Xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2) the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the geographical divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3) the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage. | CHEN Xi1, LUO Geping1, XIA Jun2, ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3 & YE Minquan4 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 2. Institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station, Urumqi 830011, China 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urümqi 830011, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Xi | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，6： | 19 |
| 11 | δD values of escaped H_2 from hot springs at the Tengchong Rehai geothermal area and its origin显示文摘Here we give the δD values of escaped H2 from hot springs at the Tengchong Rehai and adjacent regions, and deal with a genetic correlation between the increment H2 in escaped gases from middle-shallow reservoirs and the H2S, CH4 derived from deep sources. Isotopic compositions of H2 indicate that the generation of increment H2 may be related to recent strong activity of N-W trending fault at the Rehai area. Trace monitoring the H2 release could be significant in order to keep watch on present activity of that fault. | SHANGGUAN Zhiguan & HUO Weiguo Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，2： | 18 |
| 12 | Co-seismic ground deformation and source parameters of Mani M7.9 earthquake inferred from spaceborne D-InSAR observation data显示文摘We obtain the co-seismic ground deformation field of the Mani M7.9 earthquake on November 8, 1997 through three-pass differential interferometric processing. Then we get the geometric and kinematics parameters of this event by the elastic half-space model and forward modeling with the InSAR data. The following results have been obtained: (i) The deformation fields on both sides of the seismogenic fault are affected by the co-seismic deformation field even in 110 km away from the fault. The loss of phase coherence belt caused by the zone of ground rupture crosses the image from east to west with a length of an area 110 km. (ii) The maximum horizontal displacement caused by the earthquake reaches 7.96 m. (iii) The earthquake fault can be divided into four parts, and the deformation field of the middle two parts is bigger than that of the other two, with lengths of 27 km and 37 km, respectively. And their average sliding values on the rupture surface are 6500 mm and 6000 mm, respectively, and their depths both are 35 km. The segment of 27 km length is the major rupture surface of this earthquake. The west part and the east part of the fault have lengths of 23 km and 26 km, respectively. The sliding value of the west one is 4000 mm and that of the east one is 5800 mm. They extend to depths of 20 km and 18 km, respectively. | SHAN Xinjian1,MA Jin1,WANG Changlin2,LIU Jiahang1,SONG Xiaoyu1 & ZHANG Guifang1 1.Institute of Geology and Laboratory of Tectonophysics,China Seismological Bureau,Beijing 100029,China 2.Institute of Remote Sensing Application,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，6： | 15 |
| 13 | Partial Melting and Its Implications for Understanding the Seismic Velocity Structure within the Southern Tibetan Crust显示文摘In order to constrain the crustal wave velocity structure in the southern Tibetan crust and provide insight into the contribution of crustal composition, geothermal gradient and partial melting to the velocity structure, which is characterized by low average crustal velocities and widespread presence of low-velocity zone(s), the authors model the crustal velocity and density as functions of depth corresponding to various heat flow values in light of velocity measurements at high temperature and high pressure. The modeled velocity and density are regarded as comparison standards. The comparison of the standards with seismic observations in southern Tibet implies that the predominantly felsic composition at high heat flow cannot explain the observed velocity structure there. Hence, the authors are in favor of attributing low average crustal velocities and low-velocity zone(s) observed in southern Tibet mainly to partial melting. Modeling based on the experimental results suggests that a melting percentage of 7-12 could account for the low-velocity zone(s). | YANG Xiaosong, MA Jin, JIN Zhenmin, GAO Shan and MA Shengli Geology Institute, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029 Laboratory of Tectonophysics, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029 Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 | 2003 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2003，77，1： | 13 |
| 14 | Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction显示文摘The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in China, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 32 km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.2 km/s in which there is a 3-4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3-7.2 km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3 km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.27 km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive earthquake source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coastal seismic zone. At the same time, in synthetic application of deep seismic detecting methods for deep tectonic background, it possesses a wide referenced meaning to the other regions. | ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2, ZHANG Xiankang3, HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3, LIU Baojin3, ZHENG Rongzhang2,4 1. Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350003,China 2. Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China 3. Research Center for Exploration Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002,China 4. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 11 |
| 15 | Assessment of time-dependent seismic hazards on segments of active fault, and its problems显示文摘Assessment of time dependent seismic hazards on segments of active fault is one of the important techniques of long term earthquake forecast for specific locations. It is based on the data from quantitatively seismo geologic investigation in active faults and expresses seismic hazards of a fault segment with both the earthquake occurrence probability, which increases as the elapsed time increases, and the magnitude predicted. Through summing up and analyzing main technical steps in research of the recent decade, some defects in the current theory and model of this technique are pointed out. For instance, the probabilistic models for recurrence interval are based solely on the quasi periodic behavior of earthquake recurrence, ignoring behavior’s diversity that possibly exists. Variability of repeated rupture dimensions in various cycles is considered inadequately in fault segmentation research, etc. It is most important for improving the reliability of the result of seismic hazard assessment to reveal actual earthquake recurrence behavior and its generalities, and to update relevant models for evaluating probabilistic earthquake hazard based on the behavior and generalities. | WEN Xueze Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，23： | 11 |
| 16 | Si-and alkali-rich melt inclusions in minerals of mantle peridotites from eastern China:Implication for lithospheric evolution显示文摘Minerals of spinel- and garnet-facies mantle xenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from eastern China (North China, Northeastern China and Southeastern China coastal area) contains lots of melt inclusions. Studies on these melt inclusions show that the glass inclusions are rich in SiO2 (60%―68%) and alkalis (K2O+Na2O=5%―11%, especially for K2O) as well as volatiles such as H2O and CO2 (2%―7%), which belong to dacites and andesites of the high-K calcic alkali series rocks with few shoshonites. High Al and Ca diopside in melt inclusion is the product of melt crystallization at high temperature and pressure, rather than the product of devitrification. Results show that these K-rich (in general K2O>3%) intermediate-acidic silicate melt inclusions have characteristics of continent without a genetical link to host basalts and their phenocrystic minerals. Thus, these trapped melt inclusions represent melts of Mesozoic lithospheric mantle-crust interaction and imply that the continental litho-spheric mantle beneath eastern China had undergone fragmentation and recreation processes during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. This result undoubtly provides important implication for the evo-lution of sub-continental lithosphere beneath eastern China. We propose that these Si- and alka-lis-rich melts should be responsible for the mantle chemical heterogeneity underneath eastern China. | FAN Qicheng1, SUI Jianli2, XU Ping2, LI Ni1, SUN Qian1 & WANG Tuanhua1 1. Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，1： | 9 |
| 17 | High-accuracy topographical information extraction based on fusion of ASTER stereo-data and ICESat/GLAS data in Antarctica显示文摘In order to better support Antarctic inland ice sheet expedition from Zhongshan Station to Dome A,the topographic data are necessary.At present,although the entire Antarctic DEM provided by RAMP(Ra-darsat Antarctic Mapping Project) was estimated at the highest horizontal(spatial) resolution of about 200 m,the real horizontal resolution of the DEM varies from place to place depending on the density and scale of the original source data.For ice shelves and the inland ice sheet,the horizontal resolution is about 5 km;the vertical accuracy is estimated to be ±50 m in interior East Antarctic ice sheet and away from the mountain ranges.Therefore,more accurate topographic data are unavailable in Antarc-tica.In order to meet the requirements of high-accuracy topographic information for further researches,this paper mainly addresses a fusion study of ASTER stereo pairs and ICESat/GLAS altimetry data for extraction of high-accuracy DEM in East Antarctica,based on the high horizontal resolution(15 m) of ASTER and vertical accuracy(13.8 cm) of ICESat/GLAS.First,some altimetry data were selected as vertical control points to reduce errors of image correlation matching during the extraction of ASTER-based DEM.Second,ice sheet altimetry data derived from ICESat were used to generate DEM ranging from 75° to 81°S because existing ASTER data do not cover this area and high density of the coverage of ICESat altimetry data.Finally,the DEM in coverage of the expedition route was produced.The analysis of result reveals that the DEM accuracy is improved significantly.The absolute vertical accuracy of DEM is higher than 15 m in some cases and higher than 30 m for all the areas along the expedition route except from the 009-001 scene;the interior accuracy is higher than 15 m and higher than 7 m in some cases.It can meet the requirements of topographic map at 1:50000 scale,which is an economic and advantageous method to produce the topographic products. | E DongChen1,3,SHEN Qiang2,XU Ying1,3 & CHEN Gang4 1 Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China 2 Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration,Wuhan 430071,China 3 Key Laboratory of Polar Surveying and Mapping,State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China 4 Department of Geography,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta T2N 1N4,Canada | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，5： | 9 |
| 18 | A Preliminary Study on Geological and Seismogenic Structures in the Region of 1969 M 7.4 Bohai Sea Earthquake显示文摘A more detailed and deep-going analysis of tectonic conditions for the 1989 Bohai Sea M 7.4 earthquake area has been made based on the data of oil geological exploration and results of seismological researches. The obtained result fills the gap in seismotectonic research of Large Bohai Sea earthquake area of North China. The earthquake area is located in the eastern part of Cenozoic rifted basin of the Bohai Gulf, along the intersection zone between the NNE-trending Yingkou-Weifang fault zone and the NW-trending Beijing-Penglai fault zone. In the early-Tertiary fault-depression stage, three sets of faults, the NNE-, NW-, and W-E-trending faults, were developed in the upper crust in the area. They are listric and planar in the form, of normal fault character and mostly the major faults in faulted depressions. In the fault-depression stage since late Tertiary, the preexisting faults have undergone movement to different extent. Meanwhile, a new NE-trending Huanghekou (Yellow River Mouth)-Miaoxibei fault zone was developed. The focal faulting of the M 7.4 earthquake, striking to N45°E and dipping to SE, is nearly vertical, with dextral strike-slip nature, and buried down to depth of 15~34 km. The seismogenic fault for the large earthquake is not the Yingwei fault, but the newly generated Huanghekou-Miaoxibei fault. | Xu Jie, Gao Zhanwu, Sun Jianbao, and Song ChangqingInstitute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China | 2001 | Earthquake Research in China2001，15，4： | 8 |
| 19 | Application of rock creep experiment in calculating the viscoelastic parameters of earth medium显示文摘Based on the rock creep experiment, the data of aftershock sequence and post-earth- quake deformation are used to estimate the viscosity of crust medium near earthquake focus. Firstly 9 samples that belong to 3 kinds of rock are conducted in creep experiment under constant pressure to obtain the creep curves directly. Inversion results show that the standard linear model is the best one to present the earth medium. It exhibits obvious elasticity within a short time, while it exhibits obvious rheology within a long time. The relationship between element module μ 2 and the whole module μ of standard linear model or the module of real earth medium is calculated and analyzed. On the basis of μ 2 = 25 μ, the sequence of aftershock of Gonghe earthquake in Qinghai Province is analyzed and the relationship between accumulated released strain and the time is obtained, which, combined with the creep experiment results, is used to estimate the viscosity of crustal medium in this area. The measured vertical deformation after the same earthquake also is combined with the creep experiment results, then it is used to calculate the relaxation time and viscosity through three different methods respectively, i.e. inversion of Kelvin model, difference method of deformation and viscoelastic dislo- cation theory. The viscosity of crustal medium in 32 km depth of earthquake focus of Gonghe area deduced from the different data and methods is about 1019 Pa·s, which is the same as the research results by other authors at home and abroad. | SHI Xingjue1, WEN Dan1, BAO Xueyang1, LI Chengbo1 & HUANG Yun2 1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 2. Seismological Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，5： | 7 |
| 20 | The history of crustal uplift and metamorphic evolution of Panzhihua-Xichang micro-palaeoland, SW China:Constraints on Sm-Nd, ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar and FT ages of granulites显示文摘Panzhihua-Xichang (Panxi) micro-palaeoland is the oldest terrane on the western margin of the Yangtze Block. Some intermediate-basic granulites are considered to be the crys-talline basement of lower crust in the terrane. Granulite-facies metamorphism of the granulites was developed in the period from 1186 Ma to 1128 Ma. The origin of granulites was related to the collision orogenic process occurring when the micro-palaeolands merged to form the Rodinia Supercontinent. Amphibolite-facies retrogressive metamorphism of granulites took place in the period from 877 Ma to 825 Ma. This period was consistent with the breakup time of the Rodinia Supercontinent. 40Ar/39Ar ages and fission track (FT) ages of granulites in the Panxi mi-cro-palaeoland show that the vertical movement history of crustal rocks was a slow uplift process of the rigid terrane in the time from Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic. The subduction of India Plate towards Euroasia Plate resulted in the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Block in Cenozoic. Meanwhile, the Qinghai-Tibetan Block moved towards east. Consequently the Panxi terrane was uplifted rapidly. As a result of the collision orogeny between the Qinghai-Tibetan Block and the Panxi terrane, the granulite-facies crystalline basement in this region was exhumed and exposed to the surface. | XU Shijin1, LIU Wenzhong1, WANG Rucheng1, YU Hangbo1, LI Daming2, WAN Jinglin2 & FANG Zhong1 1. Department of Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2. Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，8： | 7 |
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