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| 1 | 黄花棘豆有毒成分的分离与鉴定显示文摘本研究从黄花棘豆中分离出吲哚兹定生物碱—苦马豆素,并证实这种生物碱对α-甘露糖甙酶有抑制作用。研究表明:人工饲喂黄花棘豆中毒羊血浆的α-甘露糖甙酶显著低于正常对照羊(p<0.01),停止饲喂黄花棘豆后,中毒羊逐渐康复,血浆α-甘露糖甙酶迅速恢复正常。经测定黄花棘豆及甘肃棘豆的苦马豆素含量分别为0.012%,0.021%。从而认为苦马豆素是黄花棘豆和甘肃棘豆的主要有毒成分。 | 曹光荣 李绍君 段得贤 赵效文 Russell J.Molyneux | 1989 | 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)1989，23，3： | 94 |
| 2 | PM_(2.5)源解析方法的比较与评述显示文摘当前我国PM2.5污染严重,空气质量、大气能见度和人体健康均受到影响和威胁,准确判定解析和定量确定PM2.5的来源是有针对性地制定相关政策法规和控制措施的重要科学前提.本文简要总结目前3大主要颗粒物源解析方法——源清单法、扩散模型法和受体模型法的发展历程和应用特征;以美国亚特兰大采集的PM2.5及化学成分为公共数据平台,评述了目前几种主要PM2.5源解析模型(受体模型和扩散模型)的方法特点以及适用性,分析了不同源解析方法对机动车源、燃煤源、生物质燃烧源、道路尘以及二次源等多种源类的解析特点、结果差异以及可能原因,总结了各种源解析方法在方法及应用上的优势和局限,提出多种方法集成应用和发展混合模型是未来开展颗粒物源解析工作的方向. | 张延君 郑玫 蔡靖 闫才青 胡泳涛 RUSSELL Armistead G. 王雪松 王书肖 张远航 | 2015 | 科学通报2015，60，2： | 83 |
| 3 | Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling显示文摘房间的能力在滋养的可获得性对变化作出回应为新陈代谢的动态平衡和生存能力的维护是必要的。对滋养的退却的关键细胞的回答之一是 autophagy 的 upregulation。最近,在那里,在我们分子的机制的知识的快速的扩大涉及了响应关键营养素的弄空感应的哺乳动物的 autophagy 的规定。细胞内部的氨基酸, ATP,和氧层次亲密地被系住到 anabolism 、分解代谢的过程的细胞的平衡。从关键营养素敏感的 kinases mTORC1 和激活安培的蛋白质 kinase (AMPK ) 发信号为 autophagy 小径察觉到的营养素是必要的。最近的进展证明了房间的滋养的地位大部分通过 ULK 和 VPS34 kinase 建筑群的协调规定被传递到 autophagic 机械。在 ULK 和 VPS34 的规定上收敛的广泛的串音和反馈环的鉴定能在 autophagy 正式就职被归因于这些 kinases 的重要性并且维持细胞的动态平衡。 | Ryan C Russell Hai-Xin Yuan Kun-Liang Guan | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，1： | 69 |
| 4 | 叶酸对胃癌和其他胃肠道癌发生的干预作用──临床试验七年随访显示文摘目的:评估叶酸和β-湖萝卜素对胃癌及其他胃肠道癌发生的干预作用。方法:在上海10所医院进行随机双盲安 慰剂对照的临床研究。216例萎缩性胃炎患者分4组:①叶酸组,20mg/日,每月肌肉注射维生素B12 1mg,次年减 为每周服药2日,3月肌肉注射1次;②天然β-胡萝卜素组,30 mg/日,次年减为每周服2日,共工年;③合成β-胡萝卜 素组,用法同天然组;④安慰剂对照组。每1~3年胃镜及活检,随访6~7年(1994~2001年)。结果:叶酸组未发生胃 肠肿瘤,天然及合成组各发现胃癌1例,对照组发生胃癌3例,结肠癌及食管癌各1例。以胃癌发生为终点,各干预组 单独与对照组相比,未达统计学显著差异,但合并干预组已接近显著(P=0.06);以胃肠道癌为终点,叶酸组显著低 于对照组(P=0046),β-胡萝卜素组趋向显著(P=0.07~0.08),合并干预组非常显著(P=0.004),胃肠道癌风险明 显降低[比数比(OR)为0.12,95%可信区间(CI)为0.03~0.51]。叶酸组胃粘膜炎症和萎缩逆转稳定(P=0.04),肠化 逆转接近显著(P=0.06)。异型增生于12个月时显著逆转(P=0.017)。 | 朱舜时 Joel Mason 施尧 胡运彪 李蓉蓉 汪敏 周怡和 金冠球 谢宇野 邬桂泉 夏德凰 钱珍华 宋海连 屠伯强 张丽冬 Robert Russell 萧树东 | 2002 | 胃肠病学2002，7，2： | 51 |
| 5 | Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity in Germinating Wheat Seedlings显示文摘Protective role of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on seed germination and seedling growth was studied in wheat(Triticum) seeds subjected to aluminum(Al3+) stress.We show that germination and seedling growth of wheat is inhibited by high concentrations of AlCl3.At 30 mmol/L AlCl3 germination is reduced by about 50% and seedling growth is more dramatically inhibited by this treatment.Pre-incubation of wheat seeds in the H2S donor NaHS alleviates AlCl3-induced stress in a dose-dependant manner at an optimal concentration of 0.3 mmol/L.We verified that the role of NaHS in alleviating Al3+ stress could be attributed to H2S/HS-by showing that the level of endogenous H2S increased following NaHS treatment.Furthermore,other sodium salts containing sulfur were ineffective in alleviating Al3+ stress.NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and esterases and sustained much lower levels of MDA and H2O2 in germinating seeds under Al3+ stress.Moreover,NaHS pretreatment increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase,ascorbate peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase and decreased that of lipoxygenase.NaHS pretreatment also decreased the uptake of Al3+ in AlCl3-treated seed.Taken together these results suggest that H2S could increase antioxidant capability in wheat seeds leading to the alleviation of Al3+ stress. | Hua Zhang Zhu-Qin Tan Lan-Ying Hu Song-Hua Wang Jian-Ping Luo Russell L. Jones | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，6： | 49 |
| 6 | Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders. | Farbod Rastegar Deana Shenaq Eric R Wagner Stephanie H Kim Russell R Reid Hue H Luu Rex C Haydon | 2010 | World Journal of Stem Cells2010，2，4： | 35 |
| 7 | 未来收入预期与进城农民工生活满意度——对上海等12个城市调查数据的实证研究显示文摘进城农民工是推动中国经济高速增长的重要引擎,既便在生活和工作条件很艰苦的条件下,进城农民工为何还继续留在城市?利用2005年全国12个城市的大样本调查数据,通过研究进城农民工生活满意度的决定因素发现,对未来收入的预期是进城农民工生活满意度的一个重要决定因素。研究发现,很多进城农民工对未来的收入甚至生活状况都有良好的乐观预期,这对他们当前的生活满意度和幸福感产生了积极影响。这一发现对于中国的经济增长以及社会经济的稳定具有重要含义,因为保持社会经济的稳定对于保持中国高速的经济增长非常重要,而对未来收入的积极预期对于在经济转型时期保持社会经济稳定具有重要意义。 | 高文书 Russell Smyth | 2010 | 云南财经大学学报2010，26，6： | 29 |
| 8 | Feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis: sterol-accelerated ubiquitination and degradation of HMG CoA reductase显示文摘3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl 辅酶 a (HMG CoA ) reductase 生产 mevalonate,在胆固醇和必需品的合成的重要中介非甾醇 isoprenoids。reductase 通过被甾醇并且非调停的多重机制服从于反馈控制的过高的数量 mevalonate 的甾醇结束产品新陈代谢。这里,我将讨论为 reductase 的控制使一机制清楚些的最近的进展,它包含酶的快速的降级。某些甾醇的累积触发 reductase 的绑定到 endoplasmic (嗯) 膜蛋白质叫了 Insig-1 和 Insig-2。在联系膜的 ubiquitin 连接酶的招募的 Reductase-Insig 有约束力的结果叫了 gp78,它开始 reductase 的 ubiquitination。这 ubiquitination 是为 reductase 从的识别和降级的应尽的反应嗯由 cytosolic 26S proteasomes 的膜。因此, reductase 的加速甾醇的降级代表一般细胞的进程(嗯联系降级) 怎么被用来控制一条重要新陈代谢的小径(胆固醇合成) 的一个例子。 | Russell A DeBose-Boyd | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，6： | 25 |
| 9 | 棉花高强纤维QTLs的微卫星标记筛选显示文摘利用我国培育的高强纤维种质系 72 35为材料 ,开展了棉花高强纤维基因或 QTL微卫星标记的筛选。通过2 11对 SSR引物的筛选 ,鉴定出与高强纤维 QTL连锁的 SSR标记 3个 :NAU / SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU / SSR/ fs2 1 90 、NAU /SSR/ fs32 2 0 。 NAU / SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU / SSR/ fs2 1 90 两个标记紧密连锁 ,重组率为 2 .3c M,标记的 QTL占 (72 35× TM- 1)F2 分离群体总遗传变异的 30 .9%。此外 ,这一标记的 QTL在不同年份不同环境表现稳定 ,这是鉴定出的一个控制棉花高强纤维表现的主效位点。NAU/ SSR/ fs32 2 0 与另一个高强纤维 QTL 连锁 ,但遗传效应值小 ,不稳定。单体测验表明 ,NAU/ SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU/ SSR/ fs2 1 90 标记的 QTL 位于第 10染色体上 ,而 NAU/ SSR/ fs32 2 0 标记的 QTL 位于第 | 张天真 袁有禄 郭旺珍 John Yu Russell J Kohel | 2001 | 中国农业科学2001，34，4： | 24 |
| 10 | 继发于自身免疫性脑炎的急性症状性发作和自身免疫相关癫痫:概念性定义显示文摘发作是自身免疫性脑炎综合征常见且突出的表现。致病性神经元自身抗体检测的进展,使人们对癫痫发作的自身免疫性原因的认识得以提高。通过对发现这些自身抗体患者的临床研究,加深了对这些疾病中的发作特征、治疗和预后的了解。国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)自身免疫和炎症工作组对两个诊断实体提出了概念性定义:(a)继发于自身免疫性脑炎的急性症状性发作和(b)自身免疫相关癫痫,后者表明了发作的持久性倾向。在讨论该类疾病的病理生理学、治疗、预后和社会后果时,这样的区别是有意义的。文章讨论了生物标记物在应用这些概念性定义中的作用,并以工作组成员所治疗的患者为例来加以说明。 | Steriade C Britton J Russell CD 刘丹丹(译) 邵晓秋(译) 吴逊(审) 关鸿志(审) | 2020 | 癫痫杂志2020，6，5： | 23 |
| 11 | An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden显示文摘Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. However, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/D) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community. | Reed Guy Mctyer Kent Frith Russell | 2017 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2017，27，1： | 21 |
| 12 | 1997年新疆伽师强震群发展过程中发震断层间相互作用的影响显示文摘1997年发生在新疆伽师的强震群迄今仍在持续活动,从1997年1月21日震群发生至1997年10月18日,共发生5级以上地震15次.震群发生前,该地区几乎没有地震活动.根据伽师震群地震的精确定位结果及震源机制解,我们设定该震群的发震构造是一组NNW(北北西)向的雁形右旋走滑断层和一组NE(北东)向雁形正倾滑断层.并以此作为模拟该区域理论地震活动的力学模型,开展震群区域理论地震活动的模拟研究.模拟结果证实了断层间的相互作用或应力传递能产生震群活动的猜测,并对伽师震群中为何部分地震的震源机制是正断层进行了合理解释.进一步推测伽师位于地壳厚度的陡变带也可能是引起该地区地震活动丛集发生的原因. | 周仕勇 姜明明 Russell Robinson | 2006 | 地球物理学报2006，49，4： | 21 |
| 13 | Surgical management of polycystic liver disease显示文摘Adult polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is an autosomal dominant condition commonly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However in the last decade, it has been recognized that there is a distinct form of autosomal dominant PCLD that arises without concomitant ADPKD. Early knowledge of the pathogenesis was gained from the study of hepatic cysts in patients with ADPKD. Bile duct overgrowth after embryogenesis results in cystic hepatic dilatations that are known as biliary microhamartomas or von Meyenburg complexes. Further dilatation arises from cellular proliferation and fluid secretion into these cysts. There is a variable, broad spectrum of manifestations of PCLD. Although PCLD is most often asymptomatic, massive hepatomegaly can lead to disabling symptoms of abdominal pain, early satiety, persistent nausea, dyspnea, ascites, biliary obstruction, and lower body edema. Complications of PCLD include cyst rupture and cyst infection. Also, there are associated medical problems, especially intracranial aneurysms and valvular heart disease, which clinicians need to be aware of and evaluate in patients with PCLD. In asymptomatic patients, no treatment is indicated for PCLD. In the symptomatic patient, surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment tailored to the extent of disease for each patient. Management options include cyst aspiration and sclerosis, open or laparoscopic fenestration, liver resection with fenestration, and liver transplantation. The surgical literature discussing treatment of PCLD, including techniques, outcomes, and complication rates, are summarized in this review. | Robert T Russell C Wright Pinson | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，38： | 20 |
| 14 | Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery:Potential applications for gene and cell-based therapies in the new era of personalized medicine显示文摘With rapid advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis of human diseases in the era of genome sciences and systems biology,it is anticipated that increasing numbers of therapeutic genes or targets will become available for targeted therapies.Despite numerous setbacks,efficacious gene and/or cell-based therapies still hold the great promise to revolutionize the clinical management of human diseases.It is wildly recognized that poor gene delivery is the limiting factor for most in vivo gene therapies.There has been a long-lasting interest in using viral vectors,especially adenoviral vectors,to deliver therapeutic genes for the past two decades.Among all currently available viral vectors,adenovirus is the most efficient gene delivery system in a broad range of cell and tissue types.The applications of adenoviral vectors in gene delivery have greatly increased in number and efficiency since their initial development.In fact,among over 2000 gene therapy clinical trials approved worldwide since 1989,a significant portion of the trials have utilized adenoviral vectors.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors,including adenoviral biology,approaches to engineering adenoviral vectors,and their applications in clinical and preclinical studies with an emphasis in the areas of cancer treatment,vaccination and regenerative medicine.Current challenges and future directions regarding the use of adenoviral vectors are also discussed.It is expected that the continued improvements in adenoviral vectors should provide great opportunities for cell and gene therapies to live up to its enormous potential in personalized medicine. | Cody S.Lee Elliot S.Bishop Ruyi Zhang Xinyi Yu Evan M.Farina Shujuan Yan Chen Zhao Zongyue Zeng Yi Shu Xingye Wu Jiayan Lei Yasha Li Wenwen Zhang Chao Yang Ke Wu Ying Wu Sherwin Ho Aravind Athiviraham Michael J.Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He | 2017 | Genes & Diseases2017，4，2： | 19 |
| 15 | 学龄前儿童体力活动研究的10大问题显示文摘本文目的是回顾与3~5岁儿童体力活动有关的重要研究问题。本文将从三个主要研究领域进行分析:健康效果、体力活动模式、干预和政策。研究的主要问题包括:确定体力活动的健康效果,确定体力活动对保持健康体重的影响,探明体力活动对学习和行为习惯的影响,以及静坐行为对健康的影响。与体力活动模式相关的研究问题包括3~5岁儿童满足现有体力活动推荐量的情况;影响体力活动的社会和环境因素,包括家庭、幼儿园、社区环境;体力活动如何对学龄儿童期、青少年时期和成年以后产生影响。关于干预和政策方面的研究问题包括确定在家庭、保育机构、社区环境最有效的促进体力活动的干预策略,以及不同幼儿适用的干预方案;确定有效的干预手段和宣传策略;制定有效的能够增加幼儿体力活动水平的国家、州、地方和机构的政策。总之,全面了解体力活动对3~5岁儿童健康的影响,以便于掌握该群体的体力活动特点,探索如何促进幼儿的体力活动。 | Russell R.Pate Jennifer R.O'Neill William H.Brown Kerry L.McIver Erin K.Howie Marsha Dowda | 2015 | 北京体育大学学报2015，38，6： | 19 |
| 16 | 健康素养及运动干预控制糖尿病患者血糖水平的效果评估显示文摘目的评估健康素养及运动干预降低2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖水平的效果。方法以上海市闵行区和长宁区799名最近一次糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)≥7.5%(或FPG≥10mmol/L)的T2DM患者为研究对象,采用整群随机分组方法分为健康素养干预组、运动干预组、综合干预组(健康素养+运动干预)和对照组,每组各约200人。基线调查、身体测量及生化检测完成后,各干预组分别接受为期1年的干预。第3、6和12个月时,对所有患者进行问卷调查随访、身体测量和HbA1c检测。结果3、6和12个月时患者的总应答率分别为99.4%、98.4%和95.2%。干预满3个月时,综合干预组HbA1c达标率(HbA1c〈7.0%)最高,为25.3%,6和12个月时运动干预组达标率最高,分别为25.3%和34.6%。与基线时相比,各干预组HbA1c值在不同随访时段均有下降,以6个月时最明显,综合干预组平均下降0.48%(95%CI:-0.71%—-0.25%),健康素养干预组下降0.33%(95%a:-0.55%-0.11%),运动干预组下降0.70%(95%CI:-0.92%.0.48%),而对照组略升高0.03%(95%CI:-0.19%~0.25%),差异有统计学意义(P〈0.001)。以对照组为参比,调整可能的混杂因素后,3个月时综合干预组HbA1c效果最佳(β=-0.47,95%CI:-0.73—0.20);随后运动干预的效果逐渐凸现,6和12个月时HbA1c降幅分别达-0.73(95%CI:-0.98—0.47)和-0.75(95%CI:-1.05—-0.45)。分层分析显示,在健康素养较低的患者中3种干预手段均有效,而在算术能力高者中运动干预更为有效。结论健康素养及运动干预均可有效降低上海市社区T2DM患者的HbA1c水平,这将有助于降低患者并发症的发生和早死风险。 | 刘晓娜 夏庆华 方红 李锐 陈英耀 严玉洁 周鹏 姚保栋 姜玉 Russell L Rothman 徐望红 | 2018 | 中华流行病学杂志2018，39，3： | 19 |
| 17 | Cardioprotection and pharmacological therapies in acute myocardial infarction: Challenges in the current era显示文摘In patients with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, timely myocardial reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective therapy for limiting myocardial infarct size, preserving left-ventricular systolic function and reducing the onset of heart failure. Within minutes after the restoration of blood flow, however, reperfusion itself results in additional damage, also known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. An improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reperfusion injury has resulted in the identification ofseveral promising pharmacological(cyclosporin-A, exenatide, glucose-insulin-potassium, atrial natriuretic peptide, adenosine, abciximab, erythropoietin, metoprolol and melatonin) therapeutic strategies for reducing the severity of myocardial reperfusion injury. Many of these agents have shown promise in initial proofof-principle clinical studies. In this article, we review the pathophysiology underlying myocardial reperfusion injury and highlight the potential pharmacological interventions which could be used in the future to prevent reperfusion injury and improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. | Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez Russel J Reiter | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，3： | 18 |
| 18 | The Ozone Component of Global Change:Potential Effects on Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Yield,Product Quality and Interactions with Invasive Species显示文摘The productivity,product quality and competitive ability of important agricultural and horticultural plants in many regions of the world may be adversely affected by current and anticipated concentrations of ground-level ozone(O3).Exposure to elevated O3 typically results in suppressed photosynthesis,accelerated senescence,decreased growth and lower yields.Various approaches used to evaluate O3 effects generally concur that current yield losses range from 5% to 15% among sensitive plants.There is,how-ever,considerable genetic variability in plant responses to O3.To illustrate this,we show that ambient O3 concentrations in the eastern United States cause substantially different levels of damage to otherwise similar snap bean cultivars.Largely undesirable effects of O3 can also occur in seed and fruit chemistry as well as in forage nutritive value,with consequences for animal production.Ozone may alter herbicide efficacy and foster estab-lishment of some invasive species.We conclude that current and projected levels of O3 in many regions worldwide are toxic to sensitive plants of agricultural and horticultural significance.Plant breeding that incorporates O3 sensitivity into selection strategies will be increasingly necessary to achieve sustainable production with changing atmospheric composition,while reductions in O3 precursor emissions will likely benefit world food pro-duction and reduce atmospheric concentrations of an important greenhouse gas. | Fitzgerald Booker Russell Muntifering Margaret McGrath Kent Burkey Dennis Decoteau Edwin Fiscus William Manning Sagar Krupa Arthur Chappelka David Grantz | 2009 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2009，51，4： | 18 |
| 19 | Management of postoperative spinal infections显示文摘Postoperative surgical site infection(SSI) is a common complication after posterior lumbar spine surgery. This review details an approach to the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of SSIs. Factors contributing to the development of a SSI can be split into three categories:(1) microbiological factors;(2) factors related to the patient and their spinal pathology; and(3) factors relating to the surgical procedure. SSI is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The virulence of the organism causing the SSI can affect its presentation. SSI can be prevented by careful adherence to aseptic technique,prophylactic antibiotics,avoiding myonecrosis by frequently releasing retractors and preoperatively optimizing modifiable patient factors. Increasing pain is commonly the only symptom of a SSI and can lead to a delay in diagnosis. C-reactive protein and magnetic resonance imaging can help establish the diagnosis. Treatment requires acquiring intra-operative cultures to guide future antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement of all necrotic tissue. A SSI can usually be adequately treated without removing spinalinstrumentation. A multidisciplinary approach to SSIs is important. It is useful to involve an infectious disease specialist and use minimum serial bactericidal titers to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. A plastic surgeon should also be involved in those cases of severe infection that require repeat debridement and delayed closure. | Vishal Hegde Dennis S Meredith Christopher K Kepler Russel C Huang | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，11： | 17 |
| 20 | 黄河泥沙充填复垦中土工布排水拦沙效果的模拟试验显示文摘为验证土工布用于加速引黄河泥沙充填采煤沉陷地的后期侧向排水及降低排水中泥沙含量的效果,在室内进行了基于土工布的泥沙充填排水模拟试验。该试验在玻璃槽内完成,设计3个试验处理,分别为ZT-250(整个断面开口+铁丝网+ZW-250土工布)、ZT-300(整个断面开口+铁丝网+ZW-300土工布)以及CK(断面中间部分开口+可调节高度的塑料板)。测定了3个处理的排水含沙量及泥沙粒径、玻璃槽内表层泥沙粒径以及充填表层和底层泥沙含水率随时间的变化。结果表明:1)3种处理排水含沙量整体差异较小,但使用土工布处理的排水含沙量随时间的延长逐渐降低,而对照处理排水含沙量随时间的延长逐渐增大;2)排水初期和中期,对照CK的排水中泥沙的黏粒含量均高于使用土工布的2个处理。排水后期CK的黏粒含量介于处理ZT-250和ZT-300之间。随着试验的进行,使用土工布的2个处理排水中泥沙的黏粒含量逐渐升高,粉粒含量逐渐降低,而对照处理呈现相反的变化趋势。使用土工布的2个处理拦沙效果较为稳定。3)3种处理充填表层泥沙粒径级配无明显差异,但使用土工布处理充填的表层泥沙的极细砂粒含量较高。4)3种处理充填泥沙表层和底层含水率变化存在差异,使用土工布可以加速泥沙中过饱和水的排除,其中处理ZT-250排水效果最好。该研究可为中国东部高潜水位平原矿区采煤沉陷地引黄河泥沙充填复垦的快速排水工艺革新提供依据。 | 王培俊 邵芳 刘俊廷 李星宇 胡振琪 Russell S.Yost | 2015 | 农业工程学报2015，31，17： | 16 |
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