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| 1 | Recent glacial retreat in High Asia in China and its impact on water resource in Northwest China显示文摘Under the impact of climatic warming, the glaciers in the High Asia in China have been retreating continuously with negative glacial mass balance in recent several decades. The retreat became more intensive in the past 10 years. The spatial pattern of the glacial retreat in the High Asia in China is that the smallest magnitude of retreat is in the inland of the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitude increases from the inland to the margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and the largest magnitude at the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The glacial retreat in the High Asia in China has an important impact on the water resource of the arid regions in Northwest China. This study shows that the glacial retreat in the 1990s has caused an increase of 5.5% in river runoff in Northwest China. In the Tarim River basin, the increase of river runoff is higher than 5.5%. | YAO Tandong 1,2 ,WANG Youqing 2 ,LIU Shiying 2,1 ,PU Jianchen 2,1 ,SHEN Yongping 2 & LU Anxin 2,1 1.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，12： | 117 |
| 2 | Value of ecosystem services in China显示文摘The function and services are the important components of the life-support system in theplanet, as well as the basic elements for sustainable development of environment and society. It is a must to evaluate it for incorporating it with the social-economic system. It is also an important approach to draw the public attention on the environmental and ecosystem conservation. In this study, the ecosystem function and services in China were estimated by employing the classification and economic parameters from Costanza et al. The type and area of terrestrial ecosystems were extracted from Vegetation Map of China (1:4 000 000), and then the distribution map of ecosystem services of China was drawn. According to our calculation, the total value of ecosystem services in China is 77 834.48×108 RMB yuan per annum. The value for terrestrial ecosystem is 56 098.46×108 yuan per annum, and that for marine ecosystem is 21 736.02×108 yuan per annum. The value of ecosystem services in China is 1.73 times bigger | CHEN Zhongxin & ZHANG XinshiLaboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Current address: Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，10： | 128 |
| 3 | Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium显示文摘Based on the cross-dated tree-ring samples collected from the middle Qilian Moun- tain, a standard ring-width chronology had been developed, which covered the period AD 1000 to 2000. The correlations between the chronology and climatic records from the nearby meteorological stations indicated that temperature was the dominant climatic factor for tree growth at upper timberline, and the most important climatic factor for the tree growth in the area was the mean temperature from previous December to current April. The temperature variations recovered from the ring-width data showed a cold period during the “Little Ice Age” and the con- tinuous warming during the twentieth century. Comparison between the ring-width chronology and δ18O records from the Dunde ice core in the Qilian Mountain indicated that there was a con- sistent trend in both time series. A significant correlation existed between our ring-width chro- nology and the Northern Hemispheric temperature, suggesting that the climate changes in the Qilian Mountain were not only driven by regional factors, but also responsive to the global cli- mate. | LIU Xiaohong1,2, QIN Dahe1, SHAO Xuemei , CHEN Tuo1 & REN Jiawen12 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，4： | 66 |
| 4 | Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004显示文摘The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions. | MA Zhuguo1,2 & FU Congbin1,2 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. START Regional Center for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmos-pheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，23： | 63 |
| 5 | Estimation on the response of glaciers in China to the global warming in the 21st century显示文摘Glaciers in China can be categorized into 3 types, i.e. the maritime (temperate) type, sub-continental (sub-polar) type and extreme Continental (polar) type, which take 22%, 46% and 32% of the total existing glacier area (59 406 km2) respectively. Researches indicate that glaciers of the three types show different response patterns to the global warming. Since the Maxima of the Little Ice Age (the 17th century), air temperature has risen at a magnitude of 1.3℃on average and the glacier area decreased corresponds to 20% of the present total glacier area in western China. it is estimated that air temperature rise in the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s will be of the order of 0.4-1.2, 1.2-2.7 and 2.1-4.0 K in western China. With these scenarios, glaciers in China will suffer from further shrinkage by 12%, 28% and 45% by the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s. The uncertainties may account for 30%-67% in 2100 in China. | SHI Yafeng & LIU Shiyin Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，7： | 71 |
| 6 | The Assessment and Utilization of Straw Resources in China显示文摘The study was undertaken to evaluate the collectable and usable volume of existing straw resources, its suitability for different ways of utilization and fully reorganization of its development potential in China. Based on the results on the stubble heights of major crops in the Huang-Huai-Hai area (the area along the Yellow River, Huai River, and Hai River), the evaluation of the collectable and usable coefficients, and the collectable and usable volumes of various straw resources in China were worked out during 2005. The respective collectable and usable volumes of straw resources were worked out on the basis of suitability as fuel, feed, fertilizer, and base material for edible mushrooms. The total collectable and utilizable quantity of straw in China was 685 950 000 t, and the mean collection coefficient was 0.81 during 2005. The quantity of straw residue and wasted straw accounted for 19%. The collectable and utilizable quantities of grain, cash crop, and other crop straw were 492 310 000, 162 610 000, and 31 030 000 t which accounted for 71.77, 23.71, and 4.52%, respectively of the total collectable and utilizable quantity of straw. The quantity of straw which could be used as fuel was 635 000 000 t, which accounted for 92.63% of total quantity of the straw in the country during 2005. Among the total quantity of collectable and utilizable straw in China during 2005, the quantities of straw suitable and unsuitable for being processed as feedstuff were 587 640 000 and 98 310 000 t, which accounted for 85.67 and 14.33%, respectively. The quantity of straw residue returned to the field and collectable and utilizable straw for direct field restoration was 616 000 000 t, which accounted for about three-fourths of the total straw yield, while the quantity of straw for cultivation of edible mushrooms and industrial processing was about 587 000 000 t, which accounted for more than 85% of the total collectable and utilizable straw. The evaluation results indicate that the collectable and utilizable quantity of straw in China is abundant and suitable for many purposes. | WANG Ya-jing, BI Yu-yun and GAO Chun-yu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China | 2010 | Agricultural Sciences in China2010，9，12： | 53 |
| 7 | Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to climatic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the climate change and human engineering activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun Mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 28.11% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 15 years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different climate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively serious degradation. Furthermore, from the angles of grassland coverage and biological production the variation characteristics of high-cold eco- systems in different representative regions and different geomorphologic units under different climatic conditions were quantitatively assessed. In the future, adopting effective measures to protect permafrost is of vital importance to maintaining the stability of permafrost engineering and alpine cold eco- systems in the plateau. | WANG Genxu1,3 , LI Yuanshou2 , WU Qingbai2 & WANG Yibo3 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3. Resource and Environment School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，11： | 41 |
| 8 | Numerical Simulation on Climate Effects of Freezing-Thawing Processes Using CCM3显示文摘A parameterization of soil freezing-thawing physics for use in the land-surface model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) Community Climate Model(CCM3) is developed and evaluated.The new parameterization scheme has improved the representation of physical processes in the existing land surface model.Numerical simulations using CCM3 with improved land-surface processes and with the original land-surface processes are compared against the NCEP reanalysis.It is found that the CCM3 version using the improved land surface model shows significant improvements in simulating precipitation in China during the summer season,the general circulation over East Asia,and wind fields over the Tibet Plateau.For the summer season,the improved model was able to better simulate the Indian summer monsoon components,including the mean northerly wind in the upper troposphere and mean southerly wind in the lower troposphere. | Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China | 2008 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2008，，1： | 44 |
| 9 | The deformation pattern and fault rate in the Tianshan Mountains inferred from GPS observations显示文摘Based on GPS measurements conducted from 1992 to 2006, we present the current crustal movement velocity field for approximately 400 sites in the Tianshan Mountains and their adjacent areas, and estimate slip rates on the major faults using a 2-D elastic dislocation model. Our studies show slip rates within the range of 1―4 mm/a on the NW-SE trending strike-slip faults (such as Talas-Fergana fault) in the Tianshan Mountains. We also found the slip rates on the approximately WE-SN trending gently-dipping detachment fault vary from 10―13 mm/a for the southwest Tianshan Mountains to 2―5 mm/a for the eastern Tianshan Mountains, and to 6―12 mm/a for the Kyrgrz Tianshan. The GPS velocity field reveals that the total convergence is not uniformly distributed across the Tianshan Mountains, with 80%―90% of the N-S shortening absorbed along the southern and northern edges, and relatively little deformation accommodated within the interior. This first-order feature of strain pattern is explained best by underthrusting of adjacent blocks beneath the Tianshan Mountains along a basal detachment fault. We found the occurrence of historical M7―8 earthquakes somewhere in the locked ramp that connects the creeping and locking segments of the detachment, thereby resulting in elastic strain concentration and accumulation around it. The elastic strain confined in the upper crustal layer above the detachment ultimately releases through infrequent great earthquakes in the Tianshan Mountains, resulting in considerable folding and faulting at their margins. The Tianshan Mountains propagated outward and rose progressively as a wedge-shaped block. | YANG ShaoMin1,2, LI Jie1,3 & WANG Qi2,1 1 Research Center of Space Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China 3 Earthquake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 43 |
| 10 | Immunohistochemical study on p53,H-rasp21,c-erbB-2 protein and PCNA expression in HCC tissues of Hart and minority ethnic patients显示文摘AIM To find out the difference of humanprimary liver carcinogenesis between Han andminority ethnic patients in Xinjiang.METHODS Expression of p53,c-erbB-2,H-rasp21 protein and proliferating cell nuclearantigen(PCNA)in tumor tissues of 50 patients(Han 38,minority 12)with primary hepaticcarcinoma was detected byimmunohistochemistry(LSAB).RESULTS The positive frequency of p53,c-erbB-2,H-rasp21 and PCNA expression was46.0%(23/50),70.0%(35/50),68.0%(34/50)and 82.0%(41/50)in tumor tissues;4.0%(2/50),22.0%(11/50),64.0%(32/50)and 52.0%(26/ 50)in peritumors respectively and asignificant difference,except for H-rasp21,ofoncogene alteration was found(P<0.05)between tumor and non-tumorous tissues.Combined the three oncogenes alteration,26%(13/50)tumor tissues had positiveimmunoreactivity,but in peritumor and normallivers it was negative.The positive rate of p53,c-erbB-2 and H-rasp21 protein expression was39.5%(15/38),60.5%(23/38)and 39.5%(15/38)in tumors of Han patients;66.7%(8/12),100%(12/12)and 75.0%(9/12)in minoritiesrespectively,with statistical difference (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Overexpression of p53,c-erbB-2and H-rasp21 in human primary liver carcinoma isan important biomarker of genetic alteration.The different frequency of these oncogeneticchanges may reflect some environmental or/andethnic hereditary factors affecting the livercarcinogenesis.The special life style of Han,Uygur,Kazak and Mongolia nationalities inXinjiang may also be related to theetiopathogenesis of this disease. | Guo Yue Lin Zhao Lun Chen Cai Mo Lu Ying Li Xiao Jia Ping Rong Huang Department of Laboratory Medicine,Chinese PLA 474 Hospital,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomic Region,China Department of Pathology,the 1st Teaching Hospital,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomic Region,China | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，2： | 40 |
| 11 | Effect of bax,bcl-2 and bcl-xL on regulating apoptosis in tissues of normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of bax, bcl-2 and bcl-xL mRNA in the tissues of normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and analyze the relationship between the expression of bax, bcl-2 and bcl-xL mRNA and clinical parameters of HCC patients.METHODS: The expression of bax, bcl-2 and bcl-xL mRNA of normal liver and HCC was measured by Northern blot. Statistical analyses were made by t test and correlation analysis.RESULTS: A very low mRNA level was indicated at bax,bcl-2 and bcl-xL in the HCC tissues in contrast to the tissues of normal liver by Northern blot analysis. The analyses of mRNA level revealed that HCC tissues exhibited a mean 7.6-fold decrease in bax, 4.2-fold in bcl-2 and 3.5-fold in bcl-xL in comparison with normal control tissues, respectively. Positive correlation was found between bax and bcl-xL (r=0.7061,P<0.01). There was no significance between the mRNA expression of these three genes and age, gender, tumor differentiation and tumor stage of HCC patients. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with the fact that apoptosis rarely occurs in normal livers but increases in HCC, indicating that bcl-2 and bcl-xL may play a very important role in regulating the apoptosis of normal liver and HCC. | Xiao-Zhong Guo Xiao-Dong Shao Min-Pei Liu Jian-Hua Xu Li-Nan Ren Jia-Jun Zhao Hong-Yu Li Di Wang,Department of Gastroenterology,General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning Province,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，6： | 34 |
| 12 | Study of spatial distribution of sandy desertification in North China in recent 10 years显示文摘Sandy desertification is a land degradation characterized by wind erosion, mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in North China. It is one of main kinds of desertification/land degradation as well as water-soil erosion and salinization in China. Rapid and continuous spread of sandy desertification during last 50 years has created a major environmental and socio-economic problem in North China. Remote sensing monitored results in 2000 showed that the sandy desertified land area has been 38.57×104 km2. The area of potential to slightly sandy desertified land is 13.93×104 km2, moderately land 9.977×104 km2, severely land 7.909×104 km2 and very severely land 6.756×104km2. Sandy desertification mainly occurs in the semi-arid mixed farming-grazing zone and its northern rangeland zone, semi-arid dryland rainfed cropping zone and arid oasis-desert margin zone. The average annually developmental rate of sandy desertified land increased from 2,100tion in North China is 'overall deterioration, while local rehabilitation'. Already achieved rehabilitation results and monitoring assessment show that about 60% of desertified land in North China can be restored under the conditions of rational land-use ways and intensity. | WANG Tao, WU Wei, XUE Xian, SUN Qingwei & CHEN GuangtingKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Department of Environment Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 28 |
| 13 | Effects of sunspot cycle length and CO_2 on air temperature along Qinghai-Xizang railway and air temperature's trend prediction显示文摘There are well coherences between annual averaged air temperatures at every meteorological station along the Qinghai-Xizang railway, and its 10-year moving average correlation coefficient is 0.92. Thus, the regional averaged annual mean temperature series along the Qinghai-Xizang railway (Trw) from 1935 to 2000 are constructed. The investigation is suggested that: Trw had significant responses to the 5-year lagged sunspot cycle length (SCL) and 15-year lagged concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and the correlation coefficients between them are -0.76 (SCL) and 0.88 (CO2), respectively. The future SCL is predicted by the model of average generated function constructed with its main cycles of 76a, 93a, 108a, 205a and 275a. The result shows that the SCL would be becoming longer in the first half of the 21st century, and then it could be becoming shorter in the second half of the 21st century. Based on the natural change of SCL and the effect of double CO2 concentration, Trw in the 21st century is forecasted. It could warm up about 0.50℃ in the first half of the 21st century compared with the last decade of last century. The mean maximum air temperature could be likely about 0.20℃ in July and from 0.40℃ to 1.10℃ in January. The annual air temperature difference would likely reduce 0.3-1.00℃. The probability of above predictions ranges from 0.64 to 0.73. | LI Dongliang, QUO Hui, WANG Wen & WEI LiCold & Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 28 |
| 14 | Protective mechanism of desiccation tolerance in Reaumuria soongorica: Leaf abscission and sucrose accumulation in the stem显示文摘Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim., a perennial semi-shrub, is widely found in semi-arid areas in northwestern China and can survive severe desiccation of its vegetative organs. In order to study the protective mechanism of desiccation tolerance in R. soongorica, diurnal patterns of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Photosystem II (PSII), and sugar content in the source leaf and stem were investigated in 6-year-old plants during progressive soil drought imposed by the cessation of watering. The results showed that R. soongorica was char-acterized by very low leaf water potential, high WUE, photosynthesis and high accumulation of sucrose in the stem and leaf abscission under desiccation. The maximum Pn increased at first and then de-clined during drought, but intrinsic WUE increased remarkably in the morning with increasing drought stress. The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the quantum efficiency of noncyclic electric transport of PSII(ΦPSII) decreased significantly under water stress and exhibited an obvious phenomenon of photoinhibition at noon. Drought stressed plants maintained a higher capacity of dis-sipation of the excitation energy (measured as NPQ) with the increasing intensity of stress. Conditions of progressive drought promoted sucrose and starch accumulation in the stems but not in the leaves. However, when leaf water potential was less than –21.3 MPa, the plant leaves died and then abscised. But the stem photosynthesis remained and, afterward the plants entered the dormant state. Upon re-watering, the shoots reactivated and the plants developed new leaves. Therefore, R. soongorica has the ability to reduce water loss through leaf abscission and maintain the vigor of the stem cells to survive desiccation. | LIU YuBing1,2, ZHANG TengGuo1, LI XingRong2 & WANG Gang1 1 School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，1： | 27 |
| 15 | Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ^(18)O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The δ 18O variation in precipitation acquired from 28 stations within the network of Tibetan Observation and Research Platform(TORP)is studied, with the focus on the altitude effect of δ 18O in river water during monsoon precipitation in an effort to understand the monsoon influence on isotopic composition in annual river water. It is found that δ 18O in precipitation on the Plateau is influenced by different moisture sources, with significant Indian monsoon influence on δ 18O composition in plateau precipitation and river water. The δ 18O of water bodies in the monsoon domain is generally more depleted than that in the westerly domain, suggesting gradual rainout of southwesterly borne marine moisture in the course of long-distance transportation and lifting over the Himalayas. The lapse rate of δ 18O in river water with altitude is the largest during monsoon precipitation, due to the increased temperature vertical gradient over the southern Plateau region controlled by monsoon circulation. The combination of δ 18O in river water in monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) seasons shows a larger lapse rate than that in non-monsoon (dry) season alone. As the altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water on the Tibetan Plateau results from the combined effect of monsoon moisture supply and westerly moisture supply, the δ 18O composition and its altitude effect on the Plateau during monsoon seasons should be considered in the reconstruction of paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau. | YAO TanDong1,2, ZHOU Hang1,3 & YANG XiaoXin1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，16： | 28 |
| 16 | Simulation of energy and water balance in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe River Basin at Hexi Corridor of northwest China显示文摘In the mountain area of inland Heihe River Basin at Hexi Corridor of northwest China during the vegetation growing season from May to September, the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model of Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) system is applied to simulating and studying energy and water balance of the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope and the grassland at the sun-facing slope. The simulation of energy balance indicates that net radiation of the grass- land at the sun-facing slope is more than that of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. The energy outgoing components are the first latent heat and next sensible heat from the grassland both at the shaded slope and the sun-facing slope, but those at the former are less. The energy outgoing components are the first sensible heat and next latent heat from the Picea crassifolia forest. The composition and distribution of energy in the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope make the soil layer receive less energy, which therefore, especially the forest possesses the energy conditions for soil water conservation. The simulation of water balance indicates that the water loss of the grassland at the sun-facing slope is mainly caused by soil evaporation, while evapotranspiration of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is less than that of the grassland at the sun-facing slope. Half of the evapotranspiration of the Picea crassifolia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is consumed by transpiration. After precipitation, the soil water storage is increased much more for the Picea crassifolia forest and also more for the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. Therefore the shaded slope vegetation, especially the forest is favorable for soil water storage. | KANG Ersi1, CHENG Guodong1, , SONG Kechao1, JIN Bowen1, , LIU Xiande3 2 3 & WANG Jinye3 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，4： | 25 |
| 17 | 青海贵德山坪台卡约文化墓地显示文摘贵德县下刘村山坪台卡约文化墓地是1981年7月青海省文物普查试点工作中发现的。发现时因平整土地和水电工程,部分墓葬已被破坏,随即由青海省文化局文物处和海南藏族自治州群众艺术馆共同组成清理发掘小组,配合工程进行清理发掘。小组成员有青海省文化局文物处赵生琛,海南州群众艺术馆刘青彦、王小平、石瑛等同志。自1981年10月上旬至12月上旬,共清理发掘墓葬九十座,出土文物共计六二九件。青海省文物考古队高东陆、吴平和海南藏族自治州群众艺术馆刘青彦等同志进行整理工作,由王国顺同志绘图、刘青彦同志摄影。 | Provincial Archaeological Team and Folk Art Centre of Hainan Zang (Tibetan)Autonomous Region | 1987 | 考古学报1987，，2： | 26 |
| 18 | Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids显示文摘Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a universal process with irreplaceable biological and environmental importance in anoxic environments. Our knowledge about Fe(Ⅲ) reduction predominantly comes from pure cultures of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reducing bacteria (DFRB). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and a selection of short organic acids (citrate, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, and formate) on Fe(Ⅲ) reduction via the anaerobic culture of three paddy soil solutions with Fe(OH)3 as the sole electron acceptor. The results showed significant differences in Fe(Ⅲ) reduction among the three paddy soil solutions and substrate types. Bacteria from the Sichuan paddy soil responded quickly to substrate supply and showed higher Fe(Ⅲ) reducing activity than the other two soil types. Bacteria in the Jiangxi paddy soil culture solution could not use propionate as a source of electrons for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. Similarly, bacteria in the Jilin paddy soil culture could not use succinate effectively. Pyruvate was readily used by cultures from all three paddy soil solutions, thus indicating that there were some similarities in substrate utilization by bacteria for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The use of glucose and citrate as substrate for dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction indicates important ecological implications for this type of anoxic respiration. | HE Jiangzhou1,2, QU Dong1, 1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.2. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 843300, China | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，9： | 24 |
| 19 | A 60-year journey of mycorrhizal research in China:Past,present and future directions显示文摘The significance of mycorrhizas(fungal roots in 90% of land plants) in plant nutrient acquisition and growth,element biogeo-chemical cycling and maintaining of terrestrial ecosystem structures has been globally established for more than 120 years.Great progress in mycorrhizal research in the past 60 years(1950-2009,1981-2009 in particular) has also been made across China,particularly in the mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwan.For instance,a total of 20 new and ~120 records of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungal species,30 new and ~800 records of ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungal species,a dozen of new and ~100 records of orchid mycorrhizal(OM) fungal species have been isolated by morphological observation and/or molecular identification in China since the 1950s.Great accomplishment has also been made in the following area,including fungal species richness and genetic structure,relationships between species composition and plant taxa,effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant nutrient uptake and growth,resistances to pathogens and interactions with other soil microorganisms,potential of mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation and/or land reclamation,alterations of enzymatic activities in mycorrhizal plants,and elevated CO2 and O3 on root colonization and species diversity.Unfortunately,the international community cannot easily appreciate almost all Chinese mycorrhizal studies since the vast majority of them have been published in Chinese and/or in China-based journals.The aim of this review is to make a comprehensive exposure of the past and present China's major mycorrhizal research to the whole world,and then to suggest potential directions for the enhancement of future mycorrhizal research within and/or between the Chinese and international mycorrhizal community. | HE XinHua1,2,3*,DUAN YingHua2,CHEN YingLong4 & XU MingGang2 1School of Life Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650092,China 2Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 3Centre for Ecosystem Management,School of Natural Resources,Edith Cowan University,Joondalup,WA 6027 State Centre of Excellence for Ecohydrology,School of Plant Biology,University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia 4School of Earth and Environment,University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 23 |
| 20 | Lightning activity and precipitation structure of hailstorms显示文摘By using the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He- nan Province, surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR, TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite, the spatial and temporal characteristics of CG lightning flashes in 10 severe hailstorms are analyzed. The results show that the percentage of +CG lightning in these hailstorms is high with an average value of 45.5%. There is a distinct increase in CG flash rate during the rapid development stage of hailstorms. The hailstone falling corresponds to an active positive flash period, and the increase of +CG flash rate is generally accompanied with a decrease of –CG flash rate. The flash rate declines rapidly during the dissipating stage of hailstorms. The precipitation structure and lightning activity in two typical hail- storms are studied in detail. It is found that strong convective cells with reflectivity greater than 30dBZ mainly are situated in the front region of hailstorms, whereas the trailing stratiform region is in the rear part of the hailstorms. The maximum heights of echo top are higher than 14 km. Convective rain con- tributes much more rainfall to the total than stratiform rain, and the convective rain takes about 85% and 97% of the total in the two cases, respectively. Total lightning in the hailstorms is very active with the flash rate up to 183 fl/min and 55 fl/min, respectively. The results also indicate that most lightning flashes occurred in the echo region greater than 30 dBZ and its immediate periphery. The probability of lightning occurrence is 20 times higher in the convective region than in the stratiform region. The result suggests that the lightning information is helpful to the identification of convective rain region. The linear relationship between flash rate and ice water content is disclosed primarily. | FENG GuiLi1,2, QIE XiuShu3,1, YUAN Tie1 & NIU ShuZhen4 1 Laboratory of Lightning and Thunderstorm, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology, Jinan 250031, China 3 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 4 The Meteorological Observatory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，4： | 22 |
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