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| 1 | 聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性显示文摘利用在室温和高温下的栅控恒压电晕充电 ,常温电晕充电后经不同温度老化处理后的表面电位衰减测量 ,及开路热刺激放电 (ThermallyStimulatedDischarge ,TSD)研究了正负充电后PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性 .PTFE多孔膜 ,PTFE非多孔膜 (TeflonPTFE)和FEP(Tetrafluoroethylene hexa fluoropropyleneCopoly mer)非多孔膜 (TeflonFEP)间的电荷储存稳定性的比较研究也已进行 .通过等温退极化程序 ,对上述三种薄膜驻极体的电荷储存寿命 (有效时间常数 )τ进行了定量估算 .结果指出 :在有机驻极体材料中 ,对正负充电后两种极性驻极体样品的PTFE多孔薄膜驻极体均呈现最优异的电荷储存稳定性 ,尤其是在高温条件下 .通过扫描电镜 (SEM)对这种新结构的氟聚合物驻极体材料的突出电荷储存能力和结构根源也已初步讨论 . | 夏钟福 邱勋林 张冶文 Armin Wedel Rudi Danz | 2002 | 物理学报2002，51，2： | 26 |
| 2 | A comparison of two kinds of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices during the mei-yu period of 2010显示文摘During the mei-yu period,the east edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Dabie Mountain are two main sources of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices along the mei-yu front(MYF).In this study,an eastward-moving southwest vortex(SWV) and an eastward-moving Dabie vortex(DBV) during the mei-yu period of 2010 have been investigated to clarify the main similarities and differences between them.The synoptic analyses reveal that the SWV and DBV were both located at the lower troposphere;however,the SWV developed in a 'from top down' trend,whereas the DBV developed in an opposite way.There were obvious surface closed low centers corresponding to the DBV during its life span,whereas for the SWV,the closed low center only appeared at the mature stage.Cold and warm air intersected intensely after the formation of both the vortices,and the cold advection in the SWV case was stronger than that in the DBV case,whereas the warm advection in the DBV case was more intense than that in the SWV case.The Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea were main moisture sources for the SWV,whereas for the DBV,in addition to the above two moisture sources,the East China Sea was also an important moisture source.The vorticity budget indicates that the convergence was the most important common factor conducive to the formation,development,and maintenance of the SWV and DBV,whereas the conversion from the vertical vorticity to the horizontal one(tilting) was the most important common factor caused the dissipation of both of the vortices.The kinetic energy(KE) budget reveals that the KE generation by the rotational wind was the dominant factor for the enhancement of KE associated with the SWV,whereas for the DBV,the KE transport by the rotational wind was more important than the KE generation.The KE associated with the SWV and the DBV weakened with different mechanisms during the decaying stage.Furthermore,the characteristics of baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions during the life spans of both vortices indicate that the SWV and DBV both belong to the kind of subtropical mesoscale vortices. | FU ShenMing YU Fei WANG DongHai XIA RuDi | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，2： | 18 |
| 3 | 添加剂对CO2水合物生成的影响显示文摘以水合物的方式分离/储存CO2气体是一项具有挑战性的新技术。为了提高水合物的生成速率和储气密度,在小型可视化的水合物反应装置上实验研究了不同种类的添加剂对CO2水合物生成特性的影响。结果表明,实验用有机硅系列添加剂可以有效降低气—水界面的表面张力,提高水合物的生成速率。CO2水合物的生成量随着添加剂浓度的增大而增大,但当浓度高于0.1%以后,其生成量增长非常缓慢。单组分添加剂SilwetL-77效果最好,而单组分添加剂THF对CO2水合物的生成没有任何改善,但将浓度为4%的THF和1%的SilwetL-77混合后却对水合物的生成起到了显著的改善效果,12h内的气体压降可达到0.27MPa,是纯水体系的10倍之多,照片显示有大量的水合物生成。研究结果对寻找适合于CO2水合物快速生成的添加剂,为其应用于高效分离储存CO2气体技术等方面提供了指导。 | 刘妮 ZHANG Guo-chang Rudy E. Rogers | 2008 | 天然气工业2008，28，12： | 17 |
| 4 | Carotid Intima-media Thickness Measurements: Relations with Atherosclerosis, Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Application in Randomized Controlled Trials显示文摘INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and contributes considerably to morbidity[1-3] The underlying cause is atherosclerosis.[4] The development of new preventive therapies is one of the steps to control the CVD epidemic.It is increasingly demanded that promising therapies be evaluated in trials using cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality (M and M) as a primary outcome.[5] | Michiel L Bots Gregory W Evans Charles H Tegeler Rudy Meijer | 2016 | Chinese Medical Journal2016，，2： | 15 |
| 5 | Organic matter produced by algae and cyanobacteria: Quantitative and qualitative characterization显示文摘This work aims at characterizing organic matter produced by an alga Euglena gracilis and a cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and assessing the evolution of its characteristics during growth.A culture medium was optimized.The species growth phases were monitored using both visible spectrophotometry and flow cytometry cell counting.Organic matter fractionation according to hydrophobicity and specific UV absorbance(SUVA) index were used to specifically characterize the produced algal organic matter(AOM).The AOM characteristics were both growth phase and species dependent.However,a similar evolution was observed.The hydrophilic fraction(HPI) was the major fraction whatever the growth phases and was almost the only one produced during lag and exponential phases.It represented around 75% of AOM during exponential phase and then decreased when the stationary phase appeared.It represented 46% and 60% of the AOM during late decline phase for the cyanobacteria and the alga respectively.The hydrophobic(HPO) and transphilic(TPH) fractions started to appear from the beginning of the stationary phase with more hydrophobic compounds coming from intracellular organic material of dying cells.HPO and TPH percentages still increased during the decline phase probably because of two additional processes:photo-dissolution and leaching of particulate organic matter from cells fragments.A comparison of AOM during late decline phase and natural organic matter(NOM) from Glane River(France) underlined that AOM was more hydrophilic and presented a lower SUVA for each fractions than NOM.However,the difference between NOM and AOM hydrophobicity narrowed during decline phase. | Maud Leloup Rudy Nicolau Virginie Pallier Claude Yprmian Geneviève Feuillade-Cathalifaud | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，6： | 10 |
| 6 | Science and Prediction of Heavy Rainfall over China:Research Progress since the Reform and Opening-Up of New China显示文摘This paper reviews the major progress on development of the science and prediction of heavy rainfall over China since the beginning of the reform and opening-up of new China(roughly between 1980 and 2019).The progress of research on the physical mechanisms of heavy rainfall over China is summarized from three perspectives:1)the relevant synoptic weather systems,2)heavy rainfall in major sub-regions of China,and 3)heavy rainfall induced by typhoons.The development and application of forecasting techniques for heavy rainfall are summarized in terms of numerical weather prediction techniques and objective forecasting methods.Greatly aided by the rapid progress in meteorological observing technology and substantial improvement in electronic computing,studies of heavy rainfall in China have advanced to investigating the evolution of heavy-rain-producing storms and observational analysis of the cloud microphysical features.A deeper and more systematic understanding of the synoptic systems of importance to the production of heavy rainfall has also been developed.Operational forecast of heavy rainfall in China has changed from subjective weather event forecasts to a combination of both subjective and objective quantitative precipitation forecasts,and is now advancing toward probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts with the provision of forecast uncertainty information. | Yali LUO Jisong SUN Ying LI Rudi XIA Yu DU Shuai YANG Yuanchun ZHANG Jing CHEN Kan DAI Xueshun SHEN Haoming CHEN Feifan ZHOU Yimin LIU Shenming FU Mengwen WU Tiangui XIAO Yangruixue CHEN Huiqi LI Mingxin LI | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，3： | 10 |
| 7 | Resequencing of 145 Landmark Cultivars Reveals Asymmetric Sub-genome Selection and Strong Founder Genotype Effects on Wheat Breeding in China显示文摘Controlled pedigrees and the multi-decade timescale of national crop plant breeding programs offer a unique experimental context for examining how selection affects plant genomes.More than 3000 wheat cultivars have been registered,released,and documented since 1949 in China.In this study,a set of 145 elite cultivars selected from historical points of wheat breeding in China were re-sequenced.A total of 43.75 Tb of sequence data were generated with an average read depth of 17.94x for each cultivar,and more than 60.92 million SNPs and 2.54 million InDels were captured,based on the Chinese Spring RefSeq genome v1.0.Seventy years of breeder-driven selection led to dramatic changes in grain yield and related phenotypes,with distinct genomic regions and phenotypes tar-geted by different breeders across the decades.There are very clear instances illustrating how introduced Italian and otherforeign germplasm was integrated into Chinese wheat programs and reshaped the genomic landscape of local modern cultivars.Importantly,the resequencing data also highlighted significant asymmetric breeding selec-tion among the three sub-genomes:this was evident in both the collinear blocks for homeologous chromosomes and among sets of three homeologous genes.Accumulation of more newly assembled genes in newer cultivars implied the potential value of these genes in breeding.Conserved and extended sharing of linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks was highlighted among pedigree-related cultivars,in which fewer haplotype differences were detected.Fixation or replacement of haplotypes from founder genotypes after generations of breeding was related to their breeding value.Based on the haplotype frequency changes in LD blocks of pedigree-related cultivars,we propose a strategy for evaluating the breeding value of any given line on the basis of the accumulation(pyramiding)of bene-ficial haplotypes.Collectively,our study demonstrates the influence of 'founder genotypes' on the output of breeding efforts over many decades and also suggests that founder genotype perspectives are in fact more dy-namic when applied in the context of modern genomics-informed breeding. | Chenyang Hao Chengzhi Jiao Jian Hou Tian Li Hongxia Liu Yuquan Wang Jun Zheng Hong Liu Zhihong Bi Fengfeng Xu Jing Zhao Lin Ma Yamei Wang Uzma Majeed Xu Liu Rudi Appels Marco Maccaferri Roberto Tuberosa Hongfeng Lu Xueyong Zhang | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，12： | 9 |
| 8 | Prospect of gastroenterology and hepatology in the next century显示文摘 | Rudi Schmid | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，3： | 9 |
| 9 | Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan显示文摘The rapid rise of arthropods during the Cambrian quickly established some clades, such as the euarthropod stem-group called Radiodonta, as the dominant and most diverse predators in marine ecosystems. Recent discoveries have shown that the size and dietary ecology of radiodontans are far more diverse than previously thought, but little is known about the feeding habits of juveniles. Here, we document a very small(~18-mm-long), near-complete specimen of the radiodontan Lyrarapax unguispinus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota of China. This specimen is the smallest radiodontan individual known,representing a juvenile instar. Its adult-like morphology—especially the fully developed spinose frontal appendages and tetraradial oral cone—indicates that L. unguispinus was a well-equipped predator at an early developmental stage, similar to modern raptorial euarthropods, such as mantises, mantis shrimps and arachnids. This evidence, coupled with the basal phylogenetic position of radiodontans, confirms that raptorial feeding habits in juvenile euarthropods appeared early in the evolutionary history of the group. | Jianni Liu Rudy Lerosey-Aubril Michael Steiner Jason A. Dunlop Degan Shu John R. Paterson | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，6： | 8 |
| 10 | Performances of local poultry breed fed black soldier fly larvae reared on horse manure显示文摘In poultry,feed based on maggots,like larvae of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens) is an attractive option to substitute current ingredients which are expensive and often in direct or indirect competition with human food.Little information is currently available on the utility of these larvae in poultry feed,so goals of this study were to determine whether larvae could be reared on horse manure under traditional farming conditions and to evaluate the growth performances of a local poultry fed these larvae and the fatty acids profiles of their meat.After freezing and thawing,larvae were introduced in the feed of Ardennaise chickens between 30 and 80 days of age.Birds in the control group received a commercial standard feed,while those in the treatment group received the same commercial feed in which 8% was substituted with whole fresh larvae corresponding to 2% on a dry matter basis.Means ± standard errors of larval length and weight were 20.67 ± 2.21 mm and 0.14 ± 0.02 g,respectively.Mean larval percentages of dry matter and of substances extractable in diethyl ether were 24.6% and 23.1%,respectively.Larval fatty acids profiles were predominantly composed of lauric acid(28.1%) and palmitic acid(22.0%).Least squares means of weekly weights of chicken,adjusted for the effects of sex,replication and initial weights,were significantly higher(P < 0.05) by 77.03 ± 53.37 g in larvae-fed than in control chickens.All other measurements were not statistically different between larvae-fed and control chicken,including fatty acid profiles,protein content and w6/w3 ratio. | Nassim Moula Marie-Louise Scippo Caroline Douny Guy Degand Edwin Dawans Jean-Francois Cabaraux Jean-Luc Hornick Rudy C.Medigo Pascal Leroy Frederic Francis Johann Detilleux | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods显示文摘 | Rudi Studer V.Richard Benjamins Dieter Fensel | 1998 | Data & Knowledge Engineering1998，，1： | 6 |
| 12 | 实验室老化设备显示文摘介绍人工老化试验设备中最常用的几种光源的产生、发展、结构和特点,并从与自然光源相似程度的角度,分析了几种光源的优缺点。 | Rudy Leber | 2002 | 环境技术2002，20，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Parenting preschoolers with autism: Socioeconomic influences on wellbeing and sense of competence显示文摘BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that parents raising a child with autism experience higher levels of psychological distress than parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other developmental disorders. Little is known, however, about the intersection between the effects of socioeconomic status(SES) on the wellbeing and sense of parental competency of parents of preschoolers with autism and how it relates to child symptom severity.AIM To examine the relationship between their child's symptom severity, SES, as measured by neighbourhood advantage and occupational status, on the psychological wellbeing and perceived parenting competence among parents of preschoolers with autism.METHODS Parents of 117 preschool-aged children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder(ASD), 107 mothers and 54 fathers, completed questionnaires about their child's symptoms of ASD and functioning, their own perceptions of their wellbeing and parental competence on entry to an early intervention program in Sydney, Australia. Parents also provided demographic information pertaining to their occupation, level of education attained and address(postcode). All children were also assessed for their severity of symptoms using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The Australian Socioeconomic Index of occupationalstatus as a measure of familial SES and the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage as a measure of neighbourhood advantage were used to examine the impact of SES on parental sense of competence and wellbeing.RESULTS Compared to normative populations, both mothers and fathers in our sample reported significantly higher levels of parenting sense of efficacy but lower levels of interest in the parenting role. Mothers also displayed higher levels of satisfaction. Both mothers and fathers displayed higher levels of depression than normative populations with mothers also reporting greater levels of stress and anxiety. Child symptom severity was associated with maternal parenting competency with these relationships amplified among mothers with higher familial SES and who lived in areas of greater neighbourhood advantage.Increased adaptive functioning was associated with better maternal wellbeing,particularly among mothers who lived in areas of greater neighbourhood advantage. Contrastingly, paternal parenting competence was generally not influenced by child adaptive functioning or symptom severity, although for those in higher familial SES brackets, children's symptom severity and maladaptive symptoms were negatively related to paternal sense of parenting efficacy. There was a trend towards moderate relationships between lower familial SES and greater depression, stress and anxiety among fathers, but no relationship with their child's ASD symptom severity or functioning.CONCLUSION SES differentially impacts wellbeing and sense of parenting competence and its relationship to the impact of child symptoms for mothers and fathers of preschoolers with autism. | Nisha E Mathew Karen L O Burton Anne Schierbeek Rudi ?rn?ec Amelia Walter Valsamma Eapen | 2019 | World Journal of Psychiatry2019，9，2： | 6 |
| 14 | 神经酰胺脂质体——含角质层脂质膜的脂质体显示文摘角质层的渗透屏障大多是由饱和脂质如神经酰胺、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸组成。它是物质交换的有效阻隔并防止皮肤干燥。神经酰胺脂质体(Cerasomes)是一种脂质体,它的膜是由最重要的角质层脂质组成的。神经酰胺脂质体作为类皮肤膜的来源,它能加快受损屏障层的再生、降低皮肤刺激,并且它还提供了将角质层脂质应用于化妆品中简单而有效的途径。 | Rudi Wajda 孙莉明 | 2005 | 香料香精化妆品2005，，2： | 5 |
| 15 | Plasma and platelet serotonin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis显示文摘AIM: To analyze the relationship between plasma and platelet serotonin levels and the degree of liver insufficiency. METHODS: The prospective study included 30 patients with liver cirrhosis and 30 healthy controls. The degree of liver failure was assessed according to the Child-Pugh classification. Platelet and platelet poor plasma serotonin levels were determined. RESULTS: The mean plasma serotonin level was higher in liver cirrhosis patients than in healthy subjects (215.0 ± 26.1 vs 63.1 ± 18.1 nmol/L; P < 0.0001). The mean platelet serotonin content was not significantly different in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy individuals (4.8 ± 0.6; 4.2 ± 0.3 nmol/platelet; P > 0.05). Plasma serotonin levels were significantly higher in Child- Pugh grade A/B than in grade C patients (246.8 ± 35.0 vs 132.3 ± 30.7 nmol/L; P < 0.05). However, platelet serotonin content was not significantly different between Child-Pugh grade C and grade A/B (4.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.2 ± 0.8 nmol/platelet; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Plasma serotonin levels are significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in the controls and represent the degree of liver insufficiency. In addition, platelet poor plasma serotonin estimation is a better marker for liver insufficiency than platelet serotonin content. | ■or■e M ulafi Duko S Mirkovi Miodrag D Vukevi Jelena S Rudi | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，43： | 5 |
| 16 | 纳米填料混合物对低密度聚乙烯基复合材料树老化形态的影响(英文)显示文摘This paper deals with a digest on electrical treeing degradation in nanocomposite of magnesium oxide(MgO) added to a low-density polyethylene(LDPE).The objective is to elucidate the'visual'aspects of runaway stage of final treeing breakdown mechanisms,and to ensure that the existence of MgO filler itself is responsible for this aspect instead of voltage application changes.The'visual'aspect of treeing breakdown was investigated by applying ac ramp voltage with continuous rising speed of 0.5 kV/s.As soon as tree had been incepted,the voltage was kept constant to observe the tree propagation until breakdown.The tree propagations were also described by their fractal dimension. To ensure the responsibility of MgO filler on the'visual'aspect results,the experiment was repeated using the same rate of ac ramp voltage.However,as soon as tree had been incepted,the voltage was either increased or decreased to a constant value of mean tree inception voltage obtained from the preceding results to observe its propagation to breakdown. As a result,the tree inception voltage was increased with the filler concentration in LDPE.The filler is considered not only acted as a physical obstacle for tree to propagate,but also as a chemical obstacle in which the free electron might be trapped to cause difficulties for electron avalanche occurrence.This consideration could also be valid for tree propagation up to breakdown.During propagation,due to the filler,the tree structure is accompanied by more branches.Since the branches are closely placed each other,the tree tips become relatively uniform field compares to pure LDPE.This would produce the higher local breakdown strength at the tree tips,leads to the suppression of propagation.The'visual'aspect of breakdown could be achieved by applying voltage exactly at the inception level. After bridging the tree would not breakdown until a short period of time lag.Within this period,the tree channel will be eroded by internal flashover(IFO) and become thicker.MgO filler could still restrain the IFO at the small diameter; however there will be a maximum diameter above which the effect of MgO would be very small.Lastly,it is confirmed that the MgO filler itself excels to suppress the tree degradation instead of the voltage application changes.The polymer nanocomposite appears to be more resistive to treeing degradation than their base material. | Rudi Kurnianto Z.Nawawi H.Ahmad N.Hozumi M.Nagao | 2011 | 高电压技术2011，37，11： | 5 |
| 17 | 上颌后牙区不同形状短种植体修复的三维有限元分析显示文摘目的 评价上颌后牙区4种不同形状短种植体修复时种植体周围骨组织的应力特征,为短种植体的临床选择提供参考.方法 根据CT扫描数据及种植体产品数据建立包括牙槽骨、4种形状短种植体(A:鳍形螺纹鱼雷形;B:三角形螺纹根形;C:密螺纹柱形;D:疏螺纹柱形)及上颌右侧第一磨牙全瓷冠修复的三维有限元模型,采用三维六面体及楔形单元划分网格.假设种植体与骨为50%的骨结合,与种植体长轴成45°斜向颊侧的200或1000N载荷四等分作用于冠的4个牙尖上.假设种植体周围的骨质为Ⅳ类骨(即很薄的一层骨皮质包绕较疏松的骨松质),比较4种种植体周围骨皮质及骨松质的von Mises应力分布.在牙槽嵴顶的骨皮质中及距离螺纹顶端约0.2 mm的骨松质中分别设定测量线,以便于对比应力结果.结果 4种种植体模型骨皮质的应力分布规律相似,骨松质的应力分布差别较大.从测量线观察,A、C和D种植体周围骨松质最大应力位于种植体颈部,200 N作用下应力分别为6.60、6.50和7.79 MPa,B种植体末端骨松质的应力(5.84 MPa)超过颈部(5.72 MPa).A和C种植体周围骨松质应力分布相对均匀,200N作用下,A、C种植体末端应力分别为5.02、4.96 MPa;B、D种植体末端应力分别为5.84、7.52 MPa;1 000N作用下,A、C种植体末端应力分别为25.96、24.06 MPa;B、D种植体末端应力分别为29.52、38.53 MPa.结论 从生物力学角度出发,在牙槽骨高度有限的Ⅳ类骨中推荐使用鳍形螺纹鱼雷形种植体和密螺纹柱形种植体. | 李晓娜 Rudi Van Staden Hong Guan | 2014 | 中华口腔医学杂志2014，49，11： | 5 |
| 18 | On the Influences of Urbanization on the Extreme Rainfall over Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021: A Convection-Permitting Ensemble Modeling Study显示文摘This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale[1-km resolution in the innermost domain(d3)].Two ensembles of simulation(CTRL,NURB),each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes,were conducted using different land cover scenarios:(i)the real urban land cover,(ii)all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover.The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region,although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members.The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%,and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB.The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south,southeast,and east of Zhengzhou.Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer(PBL),which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas.As a result,the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe(equivalent potential temperature)air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced. | Yali LUO Jiahua ZHANG Miao YU Xudong LIANG Rudi XIA Yanyu GAO Xiaoyu GAO Jinfang YIN | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，3： | 4 |
| 19 | Performance of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘AIM:To validate the Montreal classification system for Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) within the Netherlands.METHODS:A selection of 20 de-identified medical records with an appropriate representation of the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) sub phenotypes were scored by 30 observers with different professions(gastroenterologist specialist in IBD,gastroenterologist in training and IBD-nurses) and experience level with IBD patient care.Patients were classified according to the Montreal classification.In addition,participants were asked to score extra-intestinal manifestations(EIM) and disease severity in CD based on their clinical judgment.The inter-observer agreement was calculated by percentages of correct answers(answers identical to the 'expert evaluation') and Fleiss-kappa(k).Kappa cutoffs:< 0.4-poor; 0.41-0.6-moderate; 0.61-0.8-good; > 0.8 excellent.RESULTS:The inter-observer agreement was excellent for diagnosis(k = 0.96),perianal disease(k = 0.92) and disease location in CD(k = 0.82) and good for age of onset(k = 0.67),upper gastrointestinal disease(k = 0.62),disease behaviour in CD(k = 0.79) and disease extent in UC(k = 0.65).Disease severity in UC was scored poor(k = 0.23).The additional items resulted in a good inter-observer agreement for EIM(k = 0.68) and a moderate agreement for disease severity in CD(k = 0.44).Percentages of correct answers over all Montreal items give a good reflection of the inter-observer agreement(> 80%),except for disease severity(48%-74%).IBD-nurses were significantly worse in scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD compared to gastroenterologists(P = 0.008) and gastroenterologists in training(P = 0.040).Observers with less than 10 years of experience were significantly better at scoring UC severity than observers with 10-20 years(P = 0.003) and more than 20 years(P = 0.003) of experience with IBD patient care.Observers with 10-20 years of experience with IBD patient care were significantly better at scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD than observers with less than 10 years(P = 0.007) and more than 20 years(P = 0.007) of experience with IBD patient care.CONCLUSION:We found a good to excellent interobserver agreement for all Montreal items except for disease severity in UC(poor). | Lieke M Spekhorst Marijn C Visschedijk Rudi Alberts Eleonora A Festen Egbert-Jan van der Wouden Gerard Dijkstra Rinse K Weersma | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 4 |
| 20 | 分段进水多级A/O工艺研究进展显示文摘简述了活性污泥法分段进水多级A/O工艺(SAOASP)的基本原理与特点,详细探讨了9种参数对SAOASP脱氮性能的影响,系统总结了SAOASP的研究现状、应用情况以及SAOASP改良工艺,包括SAOASP-UCT、SAOASP-SBR、SAOASP-CAST和SAOASP-MBR。基于活性污泥法存在的问题,综述了基于不同类型生物膜法的分段进水多级A/O工艺(SAOBP),包括MBBR、BCO、RBC、BAF和FB。最后对该工艺存在的问题和发展方向进行了展望。 | 侯子泷 周鑫 Koubode Rudy Alain Ronel 张琦 孙海龙 吕琳 | 2020 | 工业水处理2020，40，6： | 4 |
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