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| 1 | 指南2.0:为成功制定指南而系统研发的全面清单显示文摘背景虽然当前已有一些评估卫生保健指南可靠性的工具,但仍缺乏针对制定指南实际步骤的指导。针对指南制定者们所需考虑的相关资源和工具,我们系统研发了一份全面的条目清单,但这并不意味着每篇指南都需遵守该清单的所有条目。方法我们检索了国际指南制定机构的指南制定手册、指南的指南(主要是来自国际和国家机构以及专业学会的方法学报告),以及提供系统指导的最新文章。经过反复评价这些资料,尽可能全面地罗列和提取条目,并制定与指南有关的重要主题。通过反复讨论,我们对条目进行评价以去重和补漏,同时邀请指南制定专家对所增加的条目进行修改并提出建议。结果我们制定了一份包含18个主题、146个条目的清单,并建立了帮助指南制定者应用这些条目的网站。这些主题和条目涵盖了指南从规划、完成、实施和评估的全过程。最终的清单版本也包括了培训所需的资料以及应用这些条目时用到的方法学参考文献的链接。解释本清单将提供给指南制定者用作参考。仔细考虑清单中的条目将有助于指南的制定、实施和评估,我们也将会通过大众反馈来修订并持续更新清单。 | Holger J. Schunemann Wojtek Wiercioch Itziar Etxeandia Maicon Falavigna Nancy Santesso Reem Mustafa Matthew Ventresca Romina Brignardello-petersen] Kaja-Triin Laisaar Sergio Kowalski Tejan Baldeh Yuan Zhang Uiia Raid Ignacio Neumann Susan L. Norris Judith Thornton Robin Harbour Shaun Treweek Gordon Guyatt Pablo Alonso-Coello Marge Reinap Jan Brozek Andrew Oxman Elie A. Akl | 2014 | 中国循证医学杂志2014，14，9： | 26 |
| 2 | Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oxygen therapy at emergency departments in Riyadh in 2017: A cross-sectional study显示文摘BACKGROUND: Administering oxygen therapy(OT) has an essential role in preventing/managing hypoxemia in both acute and chronic conditions. It should be adjusted to achieve the normal oxygen saturation of 94%–98% in most cases. This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of nurses, paramedics, emergency medical technicians(EMTs) and Emergency Medical Services(EMS) physicians working at emergency departments(ED) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess KAP related to OT of nurses, paramedics, EMTs and EMS physicians currently working at an ED of a tertiary care hospital. Knowledge and attitude were assessed using a Likert scale from 1–5, whereas practice was assessed as a yes/no categorical variable.RESULTS: A total of 444 emergency health-care workers(EHCWs) participated, of which 225(50.7%) were male, with the majority(77%) in the age group of 20–35 years. Over half of the sample were nurses(266; 59.9%). The mean score for knowledge about OT was 5.51±1.45, attitude was 26.31±3.17 and for practices 4.55±1.76. The main factors which were associated with poor KAP were workload and lack of local guidelines. The distribution of overall practice score was signifi cantly better among paramedics – nurses group and EMT – nurses group.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that there is a gap in EHCWs' KAP, particularly regarding when to provide OT to a patient. This gap can affect patients' safety. Extensive educational and training programs about OT are needed to raise awareness among health-care providers. | Amairah Fahad Aloushan Faisal Abdullah Almoaiqel Raid Naysh Alghamdi Fatmah Ismail Alnahari Abdulaziz Fahad Aldosari Nazish Masud Nawfal Abdullah Aljerian | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，2： | 8 |
| 3 | Ear,nose,and throat manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines显示文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease and was designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO)on March 11,2020.There are no classical manifestations of the disease.The most prevalent symptoms include fever,cough,dyspnea,myalgia and headache.The main route of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is through the upper respiratory tract.Therefore,it is not strange to find different ear,nose and throat(ENT)symptoms in individuals infected with this virus.Olfactory dysfunction is a common feature of COVID-19;either it is the only presenting symptom or it accompanies other manifestations of the disease.Other otolaryngological features such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL),dysphonia,nasal obstruction,sore throat,etc.are less frequent manifestations of COVID-19.These features,in addition,to being presented early in the disease process,certain long-standing symptoms like parosmia,dysphonia,and persistent deafness,are other characteristics of the disease.Geographical variation in otorhinolaryngological prevalence is another problem with this debilitating disease.Local and systemic adverse effects(local site injection pain,fever,myalgia,headache,and others)of the COVID-19 vaccines are more frequent than otolaryngological side effects(anosmia,hyposmia,Bell’s palsy,SSNHL,etc.).We aimed in this review to summarize the early and persistent ENT symptoms of COVID-19 or after the various COVID-19 vaccines. | Raid M Al-Ani | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2022，10，25： | 3 |
| 4 | An exact algorithm for bilevel 0-1 knapsack problems显示文摘 | Raid M Cla′udio A Vale′rio D C | 2012 | Mathematical Problems in Engineering2012，10，： | 1 |
| 5 | Runoff and erosion in a pinon-juniper woodland : hffluence of vegetation patches 显示文摘 | Raid K D Wilcox B P Breshears D D | 1999 | Soil Science Society of America Journal1999，63，： | 1 |
| 6 | The Rh blood group system:a review显示文摘 | Avent ND Raid ME | 2000 | Blood2000，5，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Casocidin-I:A CN-αs2 Derived Peptide Exhibits Antibacterial Activity显示文摘 | Raide M Adermann K | 1995 | FEBS Letters1995，372，： | 1 |
| 8 | Cavitation corrosion behaviour of cast nickel-aluminium bronze in seawater 显示文摘 | Al-Hashem A Caceres P G Raid W Shalaby H M | 1995 | Corrosion Science1995，51，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Neonatal septal deviation显示文摘 | Kent SE Raid AP Brain DJ | 1988 | J Royal Soc Med1988，12，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Heavy metal contamination of soils along roadsides in port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria 显示文摘 | Ideriah T J K B raide S A Izonfuo W A L | 2004 | Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology2004，73，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Some Modeling Aspects in the Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Cable Supported Bridges显示文摘 | Raid Karoumi | 1999 | Computers and Structures1999，，71： | 1 |
| 12 | Characterization of Puccinia polysora epidemics in Pennsylvania and Maryland 显示文摘 | Raid R N Pennypaeker S P Stevenson R E | 1988 | Phytopathology1988，78，： | 1 |
| 13 | On Synchronous Distance Teaching in a Mathematics MS (Master of Science) Program显示文摘 | Kuiyuan Li Raid Amin Josaphat Uvah | 2011 | US-China Education Review(A)2011，1，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Some modeling aspects in the nonlinear finite element analysis of cable supported bridges显示文摘 | Raid Karoumi | 1999 | Computer and Structures1999，71，： | 1 |
| 15 | Dynamical behavior of a three species food chain model with BDA functional response显示文摘 | RAID Kamel Naji ALLA Tariq Balasim | 2007 | Chaos Solitons and Fractals2007，32，： | 1 |
| 16 | Toxicity of mixed - oxidant electrolyzed oxidizing water to in vitro and leaf surface populations of vegetable bacterial pathogens and control of bacterial diseases in the greenhouse 显示文摘 | Pernezny K Raid RN Havranek N | 2005 | Crop Protection2005，24，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Optical studies of Eu^3+ i- ons doped in tellurite glass显示文摘 | AKSHAYA K RAID K RA1 S B | 2002 | Spectrochimica Acta Part A2002，，58： | 1 |
| 18 | Adenovirus-mediated expression of green fluorescent protein显示文摘 | De Martin Raid M Hofer E | 1997 | Gene Ther1997，4，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Some modeling aspects in the nonlinear finite element analysis of cable supported bridges 显示文摘 | Kar0umi Raid | 1999 | Computers and Structures1999，71，： | 1 |
| 20 | Two-parameter wavefunction for the ground state of the helium isoelectronic sequence显示文摘 | TRIPATHY D N PADHY B RAID K | 1995 | J Phys B1995，28，： | 1 |
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