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| 1 | Overview of immunosuppression in liver transplantation显示文摘Continued advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapy have allowed liver transplantation to become an extremely successful treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease.Beginning with the revolutionary discovery of cyclosporine in the 1970s,immunosuppressive regimens have evolved greatly and current statistics confirm one-year graft survival rates in excess of 80%. Immunosuppressive regimens include calcineurin inhibitors,anti-metabolites,mTOR inhibitors,steroids and antibody-based therapies.These agents target different sites in the T cell activation cascade,usually by inhibiting T cell activation or via T cell depletion.They are used as induction therapy in the immediate periand post-operative period,as long-term maintenance medications to preserve graft function and as salvage therapy for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients. This review will focus on existing immunosuppressive agents for liver transplantation and consider newer medications on the horizon. | Anjana A Pillai Josh Levitsky | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，34： | 21 |
| 2 | Pathological abnormalities in splenic vasculature in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension:Its relevance in the management of portal hypertension显示文摘BACKGROUND Portal hypertension(PH)is associated with changes in vascular structure and function of the portosplenomesenteric system(PSMS).This is referred to as portal hypertensive vasculopathy.Pathological abnormalities of PSMS has been described in the literature for cirrhotic patients.Raised portal pressure and hyperdynamic circulation are thought to be the underlying cause of this vasculopathy.In view of this,it is expected that pathological changes in splenic and portal vein similar to those reported in cirrhotic patients with PH may also be present in patients with non-cirrhotic PH(NCPH).AIM To investigate pathological abnormalities of splenic vein in patients with NCPH,and suggest its possible implications in the management of PH.METHODS A prospective observational study was performed on 116 patients with NCPH[Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction(EHPVO):53 and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis(NCPF):63]who underwent proximal splenorenal shunt(PSRS),interposition shunt or splenectomy with devascularization in JIPMER,Pondicherry,India,a tertiary level referral center,between 2011-2016.All patients were evaluated by Doppler study of PSMS,computed tomography portovenogram and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.An acoustic resonance forced impulse(ARFI)scan and abdomen ultrasound were done for all cases to exclude cirrhosis.Intraoperative and histopathological assessment of the harvested splenic vein was performed in all.The study group was divided into delayed and early presentation based on the median duration of symptoms(i.e.108 mo).RESULTS The study group comprising of 116 patients[77(66%)females and 39(34%)males]with NCPH had a median age of 22 years.Median duration of symptoms was 108 mo.The most common presentation in both EHPVO and NCPF patients was upper gastrointestinal bleeding(hematemesis and melena).The ARFI scan revealed a median score of 1.2(1.0-1.8)m/s for EHPVO and 1.5(0.9-2.8)m/s for NCPF.PSRS was performed in 84 patients(two of whom underwent interposition PSRS using a 10 mm Dacron graft);splenoadrenal shunt in 9;interposition mesocaval shunt in 5;interposition 1st jejunal to caval shunt in 1 patient and devascularization with splenectomy in 17 patients.Median presplenectomy portal pressure was 25(range:15-51)mm Hg.In 77%cases,the splenic vein was abnormal upon intraoperative assessment.Under macroscopic examination,wall thickening was observed in 108(93%),venous thrombosis in 32(28%)and vein wall calcification in 27(23%)cases.Upon examination under a surgical magnification loupe,21(18%)patients had intimal defects in the splenic vein.Histopathological examination of veins was abnormal in all cases.Medial hypertrophy was noted in nearly all patients(107/116),while intimal fibrosis was seen in 30%.Ninety one percent of patients with intimal fibrosis also had venous thrombosis.Vein wall calcification was found in 22%,all of whom had intimal fibrosis and venous thrombosis.The proportion of patients with pathological abnormalities in the splenic vein were significantly greater in the delayed presentation group as compared to the early presentation group.CONCLUSION Pathological changes in the splenic vein similar to those in cirrhotic patients with PH are noted in NCPH.We recommend that PH in NCPH be treated as systemic and pulmonary hypertension equivalent in the gastrointestinal tract,and that early aggressive therapy be initiated to reduce portal pressure and hemodynamic stress to avoid potential lethal effects. | Shahana Gupta Biju Pottakkat Surendra Kumar Verma Raja Kalayarasan Sandip Chandrasekar A Ajith Ananthakrishna Pillai | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2020，12，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Influence of infantfeeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa: a prospective cohort study显示文摘 | Pillay D Spooner E | 1999 | Lancet1999，354，： | 1 |
| 4 | QSAR studies on some thiophene analogs as anti-inflammatory agents: enhancement of activity by electronic parameters and its utilization for chemical lead optimization 显示文摘 | PILLAI A D RANI S RATHOD P D | 2005 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry2005，13，4： | 1 |
| 5 | A maintenance study of fishing vessel equipment using delay-time analysis显示文摘 | Pillay A Wang J Wall A D | 2001 | Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering2001，7，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Adsorption of carbon dioxide,methane,nitrogen,oxygen and argon in NaETS-4显示文摘 | PILLAI S Renjith PETER A Sunil JASRA V Raksh | 2008 | Microporous and Mesoporous Materials2008，，113： | 1 |
| 7 | New Delhi melallo-beta-laclamase-I in Enterobacteriaceae: emerging resistance 显示文摘 | Pillai DR McGeer A Low DE | 2011 | CMAJ2011，183，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of higher clopidogrel loading and maintenance dose to standard dose on platelet function and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents显示文摘 | Abuzahra M Pillai M Caldera A | 2008 | Am J Cardiol2008，102，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Young's modulus for laminated machine structures with particular reference to switched reluctance motor vibrations显示文摘 | Tang Zhangjun Pillay P Omekanda A M | 2004 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications2004，40，3： | 1 |
| 10 | PM wind generator topologies 显示文摘 | Chen Yicheng Pillay P Khan A | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications2005，41，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership:a two-sample study显示文摘 | PILLAI R SCHRIESHEIM C A WILLIAMS E S | 1999 | Journal of Management1999，25，6： | 1 |
| 12 | The MLQ Revisited:Psychometric Properties and Recommendations显示文摘 | Tejeda M J Scandura T A Pillai R | 2001 | Leadership Quarterly2001，12，： | 1 |
| 13 | Microstructure and mechanical properties of Si and Sb added AZ91 magnesium alloy显示文摘 | SRINIVASAN A PILLAI U T S PAI B C | 2005 | Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A2005，36，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum显示文摘 | Pillay A Liu H Chen CY | 1998 | Sex Transm Dis1998，25，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Developing amodel system in vitro to understand tracheary element developmentin douglas-fir(Pseudostuga menziesii)显示文摘 | PILLAI K V MCDONALD A G WAGNER F G | 2011 | Maderas Cienciay Te-chlolgia2011，13，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Development and evaluation of woven fabric microfiltration membranes impregnated with silver nanoparticles for potable water treatment显示文摘 | MECHA C A PILLAY V L | 2014 | Journal of membrane science2014，458，： | 1 |
| 17 | Influence of ferulic acid on radiation induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in primary culture of isolated rat hepatocytes 显示文摘 | Srinivasan M Sudheer A R Pillai K R | 2006 | Toxicology2006，228，： | 1 |
| 18 | Broken rotor bar detection in induction machines with transient operating speeds显示文摘 | Douglas H Pillay P Ziarani A | 2005 | IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion2005，20，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction显示文摘 | Azuara-Blanco A Pillai CT Dua HS | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol1999，83，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction显示文摘 | Azuara-Blanco A Pillai CT Dua HS | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol1999，83，4： | 1 |
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