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| 1 | Long-Term Conservation Agriculture and Intensified Cropping Systems:Effects on Growth,Yield,Water,and Energy-use Efficiency of Maize in Northwestern India显示文摘Conservation agriculture(CA)-based best-bet crop management practices may increase crop and water productivity, while conserving and sustaining natural resources. We evaluated the performance of rainy season maize during 2014 under an ongoing long-term trial(established in 2008) with three tillage practices, i.e., permanent bed(PB), zero tillage(ZT), and conventional tillage(CT) as main plots, and four intensified maize-based cropping systems, i.e., maize-wheat-mungbean, maize-chickpea-Sesbania(MCS), maizemustard-mungbean, and maize-maize-Sesbania) as subplot treatments. In the seventh rainy season of the experiment, maize growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, and water-and energy-use efficiency were highest at fixed plots under ZT. Maize growth parameters were significantly(P < 0.05) superior under ZT and PB compared with CT. Maize yield attributes, including cobs per m^2(7.8), cob length(0.183 m), grain rows per cob(13.8), and grains per row(35.6), were significantly higher under ZT than CT; however, no significant effect of cropping systems was found on maize growth and yield attributes. Zero tillage exhibited the highest maize productivity(4 589 kg ha^(-1)). However, among the cropping systems, MCS exhibited the highest maize productivity(4 582 kg ha^(-1)). In maize, water use was reduced by 80.2–120.9 mm ha-1under ZT and PB compared with CT, which ultimately enhanced the economic water-use efficiency by 42.0% and 36.6%, respectively. The ZT and PB showed a 3.5%–31.8% increase in soil organic carbon(SOC) at different soil depths(0–0.45 m), and a 32.3%–39.9% increase in energy productivity compared with CT. Overall, our results showed that CA-based ZT and PB practices coupled with diversified maize-based cropping systems effectively enhanced maize yield and SOC,as well as water-and energy-use efficiency, in northwestern India. | Chiter M.PARIHAR Malu R.YADAV Shankar L.JAT Aditya K.SINGH Bhupender KUMAR Vijay POONIYA Sanatan PRADHAN Rakesh K.VERMA Mangi L.JAT Raj K.JAT Muli D.PARIHAR Hari S.NAYAK Yashpal S.SAHARAWAT | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Leishmania donovani whole cell antigen delivered with adjuvants protects against visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)显示文摘In a previous immunogenicity and efficacy study in mice,montanide ISA 720(MISA)was indicated to be a better adjuvant than bacillus calmette guerin vaccine(BCG)for a Leishmania vaccine.In the present study,we report the safety,immunogenicity and efficacy of Leishmania donovani(L.donovani)sonicated antigen delivered with alum-BCG(AlBCG),MISA or monophosphoryl lipid A(MPLA)in vervet monkeys following intradermal inoculums.Vaccinated and control animals were challenged with virulent L.donovani parasites and the parasitic burden was determined.Only animals vaccinated with alum-BCG adversely reacted to the inoculum by producing ulcerative erythematous skin indurations.Non-parametric ANOVA followed by a post test showed significantly higher IgG antibodies,and revealed the presence of lymphoproliferative and interferon gamma responses in both AlBCG+Ag and MISA+Ag as compared to the MPLA+Ag or other groups(P < 0.001).We conclude that L.donovani sonicated antigen containing MISA is safe and is associated with protective immune response against Leishmania donovani infection in the vervet monkey model. | Joshua Muli Mutiso John Chege Macharia Evans Taracha Michael Muita Gicheru | 2012 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2012，26，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Development ofLeishmania vaccines:predicting the future from past and present experience显示文摘Leishmaniasis is a disease that ranges in severity from skin lesions to serious disfigurement and fatal systemic infection. Resistance to infection is associated with a T-helper-1 immune response that activates macrophages to kill the intracellular parasite in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Conversely, disease progression is generally associated with a T-helper-2 response that activates humoral immunity. Current control is based on chemotherapeutic treatments which are expensive, toxic and associated with high relapse and resistance rates. Vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of the disease, and the development of a safe, effective and affordable antileishmanial vaccine is a critical global public-health priority. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunization with defined subunit vaccines or live-attenuated strains of Leishmania. However, to date, no vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many labo-ratories. Major impediments in Leishmania vaccine development include: lack of adequate funding from national and international agencies, problems related to the translation of data from animal models to human disease, and the transition from the laboratory to the field. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of protective immune responses and generation and maintenance of the immunological memory, an important but least-studied aspect of antiparasitic vaccine development, during Leishmania infection is needed. This review focuses on the progress of the search for an effective vaccine against human and canine leishmaniasis. | Joshua Muli Mutiso John Chege Macharia Maria Ndunge Kiio James Maina Ichagichu Hitler Rikoi Michael Muita Gicheru | 2013 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2013，27，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Noise trauma alters D - aspartate release and AMPA binding in chinchilla cochlear nucleus显示文摘 | Muly SM Gross JS Potashner JS | 2004 | J Neurosci2004，75，： | 1 |
| 5 | D(1) receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits显示文摘 | Goldman-Rakic PS Muly EC 3rd Williams GV | 2000 | Brain Res Brain Res Rev2000，31，23： | 1 |
| 6 | The limitations of tooth movement within the symphysis 显示文摘 | Mulie RM Hoeve AT | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，12： | 1 |
| 7 | The effect of antero-postcro incisor re- positioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagraphy显示文摘 | Ten Hoeve A Mulie RM | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，11： | 1 |
| 8 | The Metabolic syndrome and its relationship to hypertensive target organ damage 显示文摘 | MULIE G CERASOLA G | 2006 | J Clin Hypertens2006，8，3： | 1 |
| 9 | The limitations of tooth movement within the symphysis, studied with laminagraphy and standardized occlu- sal films显示文摘 | Mulie RM Hoeve AT | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Oxidant-mediated Lung epithelial cell tolerance the role of intracellular glutathione and nuclear factor-kappa B显示文摘 | Rahaman I Mulie B Gnmollr PS | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 11 | Dopaminergic regulation of cerebral cortical microcirculation 显示文摘 | Muly EC 3rd Williams GV | 1998 | Nat Neurosci1998，1，： | 1 |
| 12 | Growth rate and malignant potential of small gallbladder polyps--Systematic review of evidence显示文摘 | Wiles R Varadpande M Muly S | 2014 | The Surgeon2014，12，4： | 1 |
| 13 | The effect of antero-postero incisor repositioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagraphy 显示文摘 | Ten Hoeve A Mulie RM | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，11： | 1 |
| 14 | The limitations of tooth movement within the symphysis, studied with laminagraphy and standardized occlusal films显示文摘 | Mulie RM Hoeve AT | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，12： | 1 |
| 15 | D1 receptors in prefromtal cellsand circuits显示文摘 | Oldman- Rakic PS Muly EC Williams GV | 2000 | Brain Res Brain Res Rev2000，31，23： | 1 |
| 16 | The effect of antero-postero incisor repositioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagraphy 显示文摘 | Ten Hoeve A Mulie RM | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Center-based care for young children: Examining predictors of quality显示文摘 | GHAZVINI A MULIS R L | 2002 | The Journal of Genetic Psychology2002，163，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Vapnik-chervonenkis learning theory and its applications显示文摘 | Muli F | 1999 | IEEE Trans on Neural Networks1999，10，5： | 1 |
| 19 | D1 receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits显示文摘 | Goldman-Rakic P S Muly III E C Williams G V | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | The effect of antero-postero incisor re- positioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagra- phy 显示文摘 | Ten Hoeve A Mulie RM | 1976 | J Clin Orthod1976，10，11： | 1 |
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