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| 1 | Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across China's Mainland显示文摘Topsoil soil organic carbon(SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006.The data set comprised 481 observations(135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites(28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands).The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of China's Mainland.The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories:N(inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only),NP(compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers),NPK(compound inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),O(organic fertilizers only),OF(combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others(other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only,K only,P plus K and N plus K).Relative change in SOC content was analyzed,and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared.There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content,and relative annual change(RAC,g kg-1 yr-1) ranged -0.14-0.60(0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70(0.19 on average) for rice paddies.SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands.SOC increased across experimental sites,but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations.SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N,P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only,N plus P,and N plus K.The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies,although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased.Therefore,the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity. | WANG ChengJi1,PAN GenXing1*,TIAN YouGuo2,LI LianQing1,ZHANG XuHui1 & HAN XiaoJun1 1Institute of Resources,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China 2Center of Soil and Fertilizer Quality Monitoring and Test,Agricultural Ministry of China,Beijing 100026,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 24 |
| 2 | 扩散法被动式个体采样器的设计原理、试验装置和性能评价方法显示文摘介绍了被动式个体采样器的设计原理实验装置和性能评价方法。分别测定了对10种主要室内气体污染物[SO2、NO2、CO2、NH3、HCHO、HF、C6H6、C6H5·CH3、C6H4·(CH3)2、CHCl3]的采样速率(单面采样50~140ml/min,双面增加一倍),相对标准差<10%,与有动力的标准方法相比较,总不确定度<±25%。这种采样器体积小似一枚徽章,重量轻仅10g,使用方便。现场验证和使用表明,可适用于室内空气污染和个体接触量的监测。 | Cui Jiusi(Institute of Environmental Health Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100021, China) | 1994 | 卫生研究1994，23，S1： | 23 |
| 3 | Measures against the adverse impact of natural wind on air-cooled condensers in power plant显示文摘The natural wind plays disadvantageous roles in the operation of air-cooled steam condensers in power plant.It is of use to take various measures against the adverse effect of wind for the performance improvement of air-cooled condensers.Based on representative 2×600 MW direct air-cooled power plant,three ways that can arrange and optimize the flow field of cooling air thus enhance the heat transfer of air-cooled condensers were proposed.The physical and mathematical models of air-cooled condensers with various flow leading measures were presented and the flow and temperature fields of cooling air were obtained by CFD simulation.The back pressures of turbine were calculated for different measures on the basis of the heat transfer model of air-cooled condensers.The results show that the performance of air-cooled condensers is improved thus the back pressure of turbine is lowered to some extent by taking measures against the adverse impact of natural wind. | YANG LiJun,DU XiaoZe & YANG YongPing Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment of Ministry of Education of China,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，5： | 21 |
| 4 | Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season显示文摘In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season. | LI ChaoLiu1,2, KANG ShiChang1,3 & CONG ZhiYuan1,2 1 Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station for Multisphere Interactions, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，24： | 18 |
| 5 | Genetic diversity of Harpins from Xanthomonas oryzae and their activity to induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in tobacco显示文摘Three hrfA (hypersensitive response-functioning faction A) homologues (hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3) are cloned from 12 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae using PCR based techniques. Hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are derived from strains belonging to X. o. pv. oryzae, X. o. pv. oryzicola and X. o. pv. oryzae respectively. Sequence analysis shows that all three genes encode glycine-rich pro-teins with various numbers of GGG-GG motifs. They all share a conserved cysteine residue at position 45 or 47. Hrf1 and hrf3 encode HarpinXoo while hrf2 encodes Harpinxooc. Hrf1 and hrf3 encodes two different types of HarpinXoo proteins. Hrf1 from X. o. pv. oryzae strains ( JxoIII, JxoIV, Jxov, Pxo61, Pxo76, Pxo79, Pxo99, Pxo99 and Pxo124) encodes a 15.6 kD HarpinXoo with 3 GGG-GG motifs while Hrf3 from strain Pxo86 and Pxo112 encodes a 15.9 kD Harpinxoo with 4 GGG-GG motifs. Harpinxooc encoded by hrf2 from X. o. pv. oryzicola (strain RS105) has the mo-lecular weight of 15.3 kD and contains 2 GGG-GG motifs. Cluster analysis is performed using deduced sequences of hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 as well as previously reported Hpa1 and XopI protein sequence. The results indicated that Harpinxoo and Harpinxooc belong to two closely related sub-groups. Hrf, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed in E. coli strain BL21 successfully. Under the same condition, hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed at the level of 0.389, 0.530 and 0.083 mg/mL re-spectively. All expressed hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 proteins (Harpins) are shown to be able to induce hypersensitive reaction and TMV resistance on tobacco. Among the three proteins, Hrf2 has the highest activity while Hrf3 has the lowest activity. | LI Ping, LU Xuzhong, SHAO Min, LONG Juying & WANG Jinsheng Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，5： | 15 |
| 6 | A new method for mining deformation monitoring with GPS-RTK显示文摘Based on ranging intersection theory, a new method which is simple and easy to operate was proposed for data collection in the mine surface deformation monitoring with GPS-RTK centering rod measurements. It can fully eliminate the inevitable shaking error and the vertical deflection, and to some extent weaken the multipath effect on the estimates of coordinates in a relatively short period of time, using high-frequency observations. The results show that three-dimensional coordinates with a height accuracy better than 1 cm, horizontal accuracy better than 2-4 cm can be achieved through only 15-30 s continuous observation by 20 Hz high-frequency and effectively improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of RTK, fully satisfying the high-speed and high-precision data acquisition in mine surface subsidence deformation monitoring. | GAO Jing-xiang1, 2, LIU Chao2, WANG Jian1, 2, LI Zeng-ke2, MENG Xiang-chao2 1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2. School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China | 2011 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2011，21，S3： | 11 |
| 7 | 国外合理用药概述显示文摘本文收集检索了关于国外药物使用与合理用药的概况,并对合理使用药物的重要性和迫切性进行了阐述。对国外促进合理用药的重要措施进行了归纳和分析,目的是为提高我国药物合理使用水平提供参考和思路。 | The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs (The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs,Beijing 100027,China) | 2011 | 中国执业药师2011，8，2： | 10 |
| 8 | Application of polynomial chaos on numerical simulation of stochastic cavity flow显示文摘In present paper,the mathematic background of intrusive polynomial chaos (IPC) method and coupling process with one dimension Euler equation were introduced. The IPC method was implemented for the 2D compressible stochastic Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the non-deterministic behavior of a lid driven cavity flow under the influence of uncertainties. The driven velocity and fluid viscosity were supposed respectively to be the uncertain variable which has Gaussian probability distribution. Based on the validation with benchmark results,discussions were mainly focused on the statistic properties of velocity distribution. The results indicated the effect of IPC method on the simulation of propagation of uncertainty in the flow field. For the simulated results of 2D cavity flow,influence of the driven velocity uncertainty is larger than that of viscosity. | WANG XiaoDong1,2 & KANG Shun1 1 Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，10： | 9 |
| 9 | Identification of an avirulence gene,avrxa5,from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae显示文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice,interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner.The specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence(avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance(R) genes in the host.To date,no avr genes that correspond to recessive R genes have been isolated.We isolated an avrBs3/pthA family gene,avrxa5,from our previously isolated clone p58,which was originally from strain JXOIII.The avrxa5 gene converted the PXO99A strain from compatible to incompatible in rice cultivars containing the recessive xa5 gene,but not in those containing the dominant Xa5 gene.Sequencing indicated that avrxa5,which is highly similar to members of the avrBs3/pthA family,encodes a protein of 1238 amino acid residues with a conserved carboxy-terminal region containing three nuclear localization signals and a transcription activation domain.It has 19.5 34-amino-acid direct repeats,but the 13th amino acid is missing in the fifth and ninth repetitive units.Domain swapping of the repetitive regions between avrxa5 and avrXa7 changed the avirulence specificity of the genes in xa5 and Xa7 rice lines,respectively.This indicates that avrxa5 is distinct from previously characterized avrBs3/pthA members.The specificity of avrxa5 toward recessive xa5 in rice could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen specific interactions. | ZOU HuaSong1,ZHAO WenXiang2,ZHANG XiFu3,HAN YangChun2,ZOU LiFang2 & CHEN GongYou1,2* 1School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China 2College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University/Laboratory for Monitoring and Management for Plant Pests and Diseases,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,China 3Department of Agronomy,Henan Vocation-Technical Teachers College,Xinxiang 453003,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 9 |
| 10 | Calculation of maximum ground movement and deformation caused by mining显示文摘In order to know the maximum mining ground deformation of arbitrary surface point, directions of the maximum surface tilt, curvature,horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation caused by multi-working faces were deduced based on probability integral method. The distribution forms of surface deformations in all direction φ∈[0, 2π] were obtained and also equations of maximum deformations were given based on calculation of mining ground deformation in direction φ. A mining subsidence analysis system was developed with VB6.0. The system implements the probability integral mining subsidence prediction with direct integration method, and it can avoid errors of arbitrary shaped working face subdivision of traditional method, and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction can be improved with the direct integral method. The system implements the contour chart and profile chart and also data analysis automation by manipulation of the SURFER kernel function and it complements the defect of existing subsidence prediction software. Calculation of maximum deformations caused by multi-working faces mining in a coal mine of Xuzhou, China was shown as application example. Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system. The research provides a theoretical basis and calculation tool for mining subsidence prediction and analysis. | LI Pei-xian1, 2, TAN Zhi-xiang1, 2, DENG Ka-zhong1, 2 1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China | 2011 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2011，21，S3： | 8 |
| 11 | Release of active oxygen from phytopathogenic bacteria and their regulation显示文摘Some phytopathogenic bacteria including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (a rice leaf bacterial blight pathogen) and its virulent gene mutant XooM3105,Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia carotovora subsp, carotovora and so on, could release active oxygen such as O2 and H2O2 by themselves.Ca2+, NADPH and O2 concentration regulated the response. The response is sensitive to heat and proteinase. These results show that the component releasing active oxygen in the bacterial plant pathogen may involve special protein and enzyme and be secreted to culture liquid. Various components of rice tissue can significantly induce the release of active oxygen in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | LI Hongyu WANG JinshengKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Hamiltonian realization of power system dynamic models and its applications显示文摘Power system is a typical energy system. Because Hamiltonian approaches are closely related to the energy of the physical system, they have been widely re-searched in recent years. The realization of the Hamiltonian structure of the nonlinear dynamic system is the basis for the application of the Hamiltonian methods. However, there have been no systematically investigations on the Ham-iltonian realization for different power system dynamic models so far. This paper researches the Hamiltonian realization in power systems dynamics. Starting from the widely used power system dynamic models, the paper reveals the intrinsic Hamiltonian structure of the nonlinear power system dynamics and also proposes approaches to formulate the power system Hamiltonian structure. Furthermore, this paper shows the application of the Hamiltonian structure of the power system dynamics to design non-smooth controller considering the nonlinear ceiling effects from the real physical limits. The general procedure to design controllers via the Hamiltonian structure is also summarized in the paper. The controller design based on the Hamiltonian structure is a completely nonlinear method and there is no lin-earization during the controller design process. Thus, the nonlinear characteristics of the dynamic system are completely kept and fully utilized. | MA Jin1 & MEI ShengWei2 1 Key Laboratory of Power System Protection and Dynamic Security Monitoring and Control of Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 2 Electrical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，6： | 8 |
| 13 | 建立全国合理用药监测系统的重大意义与作用显示文摘公共卫生事业关系国计民生。合理用药保障人民生命健康,是医药卫生工作永恒的主题,也是一项艰巨而责任重大的任务。为加强医疗机构药物临床应用的管理,建立统一、规范的药物使用管理机制,推进临床合理用药,保障医疗质量和医疗安全,卫生部先后10次下发文件,部领导作了3次重要批示,组织构建了全国合理用药监测系统。本刊特开设由全国合理用药监测办公室主持的'合理用药监测'专栏,及时地总结和报告全国合理用药监测工作的进展与分析评估情况,为各级医疗机构和医药工作者提供合理用药的临床用药建议,为政府制定合理用药政策提供依据。相信通过这个专业交流平台,可以与广大医药工作者携手努力,提高疾病治疗水平,促进临床用药'安全、有效、经济、适宜'。 | The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs, Beijing 100027, China | 2011 | 中国执业药师2011，8，1： | 7 |
| 14 | 抗肿瘤药及免疫调节剂的医院用药现状显示文摘通过统计全国数百家监测点医院的抗肿瘤药及免疫调节剂的应用情况,采用世界卫生组织推荐的药物使用情况调查方法中的数据汇总法,调查抗肿瘤药及免疫调节剂临床应用的合理性。对临床用药中普遍存在的问题进行深入的研究,以促进药物的合理使用。 | The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs(The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs,Beijing 100027,China) | 2011 | 中国执业药师2011，8，3： | 7 |
| 15 | 阿片成瘾者中的人格障碍问题显示文摘本文采用多种人格障碍筛查表对接受戒毒治疗的80例阿片成瘾者进行了测查。结果显示,各种人格障碍(personalitydisorders,PDs)的现患率为86%,其中戏剧性PD、依赖性PD、回避性PD和边缘性PD各分别占44%、36%、35%和76%。具有统计学意义的多种PD为:(1)依赖性-回避性(OR值=13.9;95%可信限范围=4.55,42.83);(2)戏剧性-依赖性(OR值=2.8;95%可信限范围=1.11,7.26);(3)边缘性-戏剧性(OR值=5.5;95%可信限范围=1.45,20.87);(4)边缘性-依赖性(OR值=3.9;95%可信限范围=1.04,15.04)。此结果提示,在阿片成瘾者中存在着各种严重的人格障碍。 | Adenekan Oyefeso, Hamid Ghodse, Carmel Clancy, Vanessa Crawford, Stephen Byrne(Research Evaluation and Monitoring Unit Department of Psychiatry of Addictive Behaviour St George’s Hospital Medical School London SW17 ORE) | 1998 | 中国药物依赖性杂志1998，7，2： | 6 |
| 16 | Subsidence control and farmland conservation by solid backfilling mining technology显示文摘Solid backfilling mining technology, which decreases the height of fissure zone and caving zone, and alleviates the subsidence, is a new technology for farmland conservation. Based on the situation analysis of farmland destruction in mining area, three ways for farmland protection were proposed. In order to improve the feasibility of this technology, the limited filling materials should be used to increase resources recovery ratio, and then the surplus materials could be backfilled into goaf. An index, namely farmland conservation ability, was put forward to optimize the ways for farmland conservation. At last, the Wanbei coal mine was taken as a case for farmland conservation. It was shown that 3240 t dull coal was substituted and 52 hm2 farmland was conserved by solid backfilling mining in this coal mine. | GUO Guang-li1, 2, FENG Wen-kai3, ZHA Jian-feng1, 2, 3, LIU Yuan-xu1, 2, WANG Qiang1, 2 1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China | 2011 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2011，21，S3： | 6 |
| 17 | Seven microcystins from Microcystis waterbloom in Lake Dalai,China显示文摘Seven types of microcystins,isolated from Microcystis waterbloom in Lake Dalai,were characterized.The major toxins:MCYST-LR,MCYST-RR,[D-Asp3]MCYST-LR and[Dha7]MCYST-LR were identified by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),as com-pared with the authentic microcystins.The minor toxins:MCYST FR,[L-Mser7]MCYST-LRand an unknown MCYST which was most likely to be MCYST-(H4)YR were identified with frit-fast atom bombardment liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(Frit-FAB LC/MS)and aminoacid analysis.The toxigenic diversity in blue-green algae(cyanobacteria)was discussed. | He Zhenrong He Jiawan Yu Minjuan Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,ChinaQiao Mingye Shen Zhi Wu Liandi Inner Mongolia Environmental Science Research Instìtute,Huhehote 010010,ChinaWu Suozhu Guo Yunfeng Hulunbeer League Environmental Monitoring Station,Inner Mogolia 021008,ChinaFumio Kondo Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Tsuji-machi,Kita-ku,Nagoya 462,JapanKen-ichi Harada Faculty of Pharmacy,Meijo University,Tempaku,Nagoya 468,Japan | 1997 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1997，9，1： | 6 |
| 18 | ^7Be content and its seasonal variation in the ground air around Hangzhou area显示文摘Twice investigations around Hangzhou area show that ^7Be content average in the ground air is 5.9mBq.m^-3.The content of ^7Be is the highest in autumn-winter period reaching about 7.7mBq.m^-3,the next is in spring about 6.2mBq.m^-3.then is in the early summer about 5.7mBq.m^-3,close to the annual average level;and the lowest in a year is in summer-autumm period with a value about 3.8mBq.m^-3.Exhibited is a decreasing trend from autumn-winter period to summer-autumn of the next year,which is negatively correlated with the variation of the seasonal rainfall in Hangzhou area.But this trend is different from that reported by UNSCEAR:it is the highest in spring and the lowest in the late autumn,which is based only on ^7Be falling down from the stratosphere.However,the present investigation shows that the seasonal rainfall is the main factor influencing the variation tend of ^7Be content in the air. | JIANG Rangrong(Zhejiang Province Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012) | 1999 | Nuclear Science and Techniques1999，10，4： | 6 |
| 19 | The noble gas isotope geochemical composition of chert at the bottom of Cambrian in Tarim Basin,China显示文摘In the Tarim Basin,black shale series at the bottom of Cambrian is one of the important marine facies hydrocarbon source rocks. This research focuses on the analysis of the isotope of noble gas of 11 cherts. The R/Ra ratio of chert in the Keping area is 0.032―0.319,and 40Ar/36Ar is 338―430. In Quruqtagh the R/Ra ratio is 0.44―10.21,and 40Ar/36Ar is 360―765. The R/Ra ratio of chert increases with 40Ar/36Ar from the west to the east accordingly. They have evolved from the crust source area to the mantle source area in a direct proportion. Surplus argon 40ArE in chert is in direct proportion to the R/Ra ratio,indicating that it has the same origin of excess argon as in fluid and mantle source helium. Comparison of the R/Ra ratios between the west and the east shows that the chert in the eastern part formed from the activity system of the bottom hydrothermal venting driven by the mantle source,where the material and energy of crust and mantle had a strong interaction in exchange;whereas in the western part,chert deposited from the floating of hydrothermal plume undersea bottom,which is far away from the centre of activities of the hydrothermal fluid of ocean bottom. In addition,from noble gas isotope composition of chert,it is suggested that the ocean anoxia incident happened at the black shale of the Cambrian bottom probably because of the large-scaled ocean volcanoes and the followinghydrothermal activities. | SUN ShengLi1,CHEN JianFa2,3,ZHENG JianJing4 & LIU WenHui4 1 Monitoring Center for Marine Resource and Environment,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China 2 Department of Geochemistry,Changjiang University,Jingzhou 434023,China 3 College of Resource and Information,Petroleum University,Beijing 102249,China 4 Lanzhou Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，S1： | 6 |
| 20 | 头孢菌素类抗菌药的临床应用现状显示文摘选取全国不同时限、不同样本量监测点医院的药物临床应用信息,统计其中头孢菌素的购药金额、使用量,分析其临床应用情况。监测点医院目前临床用头孢菌素存在用药量大、用药品种多、求高求新的现象,亟待采取更加合理的措施对头孢菌素的使用量进行控制和管理。 | (The Office of Chinese Monitoring System for Rational Use of Drugs, Beijing 100027, China) | 2011 | 中国执业药师2011，8，8： | 6 |
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