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| 1 | Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and tillage practices on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emission from a maize field in Iran显示文摘Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain conditions.However,there is no information available on the effects of nitrification inhibitors and tillage practices on N_(2)O emissions from maize cropping in Iran.To study how tillage practices and nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor)affect N_(2)O emission,a split factorial experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Northeast Iran,which has a cold semiarid climate.Two main plots were created with conventional tillage and minimum tillage levels,and two nitrogen(N)fertilizer(urea)management systems(with and without nitrapyrin application)were created as subplots.Tillage level did not have any significant effect on soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentrations,cumulative amount and yield-scaled N_(2)O emission,and aboveground biomass of maize,whereas nitrapyrin application showed significant effect.Nitrapyrin application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of N_(2)O emission by 41%and 32%in conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices,respectively.A reduction in soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration by nitrapyrin was also observed.The average yield-scaled N_(2)O emission was 13.6 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake in both tillage systems without nitrapyrin application and was significantly reduced to 7.9 and 8.2 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake upon the application of nitrapyrin in minimum tillage and conventional tillage practices,respectively.Additionally,nitrapyrin application increased maize biomass yield by 4%and 13%in the minimum tillage and conventional tillage systems,respectively.Our results indicate that nitrapyrin has a potential role in reducing N_(2)O emission from agricultural systems where urea fertilizers are broadcasted,which is common in Iran due to the practice of traditional farming. | Azam BORZOUEI Ulo MANDER Alar TEEMUSK Alberto SANZ-COBENA Mohammad ZAMAN Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Ali Askary KELESTANIE Parvaneh SAYYAD AMIN Ebrahim MOGHISEH Khadim DAWAR Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions显示文摘Nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission and increase crop yield.However,no concrete information on their mitigation of N_(2)O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on N_(2)O emission and the nitrogen(N)uptake efficiency of maize.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no N(CK),urea(200 kg N ha^(-1))alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^(-1)),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^(-1)),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3.The N_(2)O emission,yield,N response efficiency,and total N uptake were measured during the experimental period.The treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total N_(2)O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled N_(2)O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea alone.The maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total N uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to N saving,lower N loss,and increased N uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic stresses.These results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate N_(2)O emission,improve N response efficiency,and increase maize yield. | Khadim DAWAR Kamil SARDAR Mohammad ZAMAN Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA Aamir KHAN Azam BORZOUEI Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Archery Algorithm:A Novel Stochastic Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems显示文摘Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge.Therefore,these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches.Based on a random search space,optimization algorithms can find acceptable solutions to problems.Archery Algorithm(AA)is a new stochastic approach for addressing optimization problems that is discussed in this study.The fundamental idea of developing the suggested AA is to imitate the archer’s shooting behavior toward the target panel.The proposed algorithm updates the location of each member of the population in each dimension of the search space by a member randomly marked by the archer.The AA is mathematically described,and its capacity to solve optimization problems is evaluated on twenty-three distinct types of objective functions.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm’s performance is compared vs.eight approaches,including teaching-learning based optimization,marine predators algorithm,genetic algorithm,grey wolf optimization,particle swarm optimization,whale optimization algorithm,gravitational search algorithm,and tunicate swarm algorithm.According to the simulation findings,the AA has a good capacity to tackle optimization issues in both unimodal and multimodal scenarios,and it can give adequate quasi-optimal solutions to these problems.The analysis and comparison of competing algorithms’performance with the proposed algorithm demonstrates the superiority and competitiveness of the AA. | Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeidabadi Mohammad Dehghani Pavel Trojovsky Štěpán Hubálovsky Victor Leiva Gaurav Dhiman | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Locally transplanted enteric glia improve functional and structural recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury显示文摘<正>BACKGROUND:We have previously reported that adult enteric glia(EG) facilitate the growth of transected dorsal root axons into the uninjured spinal cord to form functional connections with their targets. OBJECTIVE:The present study investigated the effects of EG on spinal cord function,tissue injury, and axonal regeneration following transplantation into injured rat spinal cords,according to histological and functional outcomes. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at McMaster University,Canada from January 2006 to March 2008. MATERIALS:EG were isolated from rat intestine. METHODS:One week following spinal cord crush,female Wistar rats were injected with an EG suspension(2μL,1×10~5/μL,n=10) or with the same volume of fresh culture medium alone(control animals,n=11).The third group did not receive any injection following laminectomy and served as the sham-operated controls(n=5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Behavior was tested prior to transplantation and weekly following transplantation,with nine behavioral examinations in total.Open field,hind limb placement response, foot orientation response,and inclined plane test were utilized.Immediately following the final behavioral examination,spinal cord T_9 to L_1 segments were harvested for immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine astroglial scarring,axonal regeneration and spinal cord lesion size. RESULTS:Rats with EG transplantation exhibited significantly better locomotor function with reduced tissue damage,compared with the control rats.Cystic cavities were present 2 months after injury in spinal cords from both control groups.In contrast,rats injected with EG did not present with cystic lesions.In addition,the injury site consisted of cellular material and nerve fibers,and axonal regeneration was apparent,with dense labeling of neurofilament-positive axons within the injury site. Moreover,regenerating axons were intimately associated with transplanted EG CONCLUSION:These data indicated that EG enhanced functional improvement,which was associated with reduced tissue damage and axonal regeneration following transplantation into injured spinal cords. | Shucui Jiang Mohammad I. Khan James R. Bain Cai Jiang Christopher R. Hansebout Zesheng Yu Yuqing Liu Michel P, Rathbone | 2009 | Neural Regeneration Research2009，4，9： | 2 |
| 5 | Simultaneous determination of aeetaminophen and dopamine using SWC- NT modified carbon-ceramic electrode by differential pulse voltammetry 显示文摘 | Habibi B Jahanbakhshi M Mohammad H P | 2011 | Electrochimica Acta2011，56，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Pentoxifylline inhibits melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting STAT3signaling pathway显示文摘 | Kamran Mohammad Zahid Gude Rajiv P | 2013 | Biomed Pharmacother2013，67，5： | 1 |
| 7 | TGF - 13 - RI kinase inhibitor SD - 208 reduces the development and progression of melanoma bone metastases 显示文摘 | Mohammad K S Javelaud D Fournier P G | 2011 | Cancer Research2011，71，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Mechanical, thermal, and moisture absorption properties of nano-clay reinforced nano-cellulose biocomposites显示文摘 | Mohamed H G Nguyen T P Mohammad A | 2013 | Cellulose2013，20，2： | 1 |
| 9 | A robust digital current control method for active power filters显示文摘 | Sedighy Mohammad Dewan Shashi B Dawson Francis P | 2000 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications2000，36，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Development of a highly hydrophilic nanofiltration membrane for desalination and water treatment显示文摘 | Ahmad A L Ooi B S Wahab Mohammad A Choudhury J P | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of Sand Gradation on The Behavior of Sand-Clay Mixtures 显示文摘 | Mohammad S P Ali S M | 2012 | International Journal of GEOMATE2012，3，1： | 1 |
| 12 | No-chatter variable structure control for frac- tional nonlinear complex systems 显示文摘 | MOHAMMAD P A | 2013 | Nonlinear Dynamics2013，73，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Structural performance of finger-jointed black spruce lumber with different joint configuration显示文摘 | Bustos C Beauregard P Mohammad M | 2003 | Forest Product Journal2003，53，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Adaptive methods for linear programming decoding 显示文摘 | Mohammad H Taghavi N Siegel P H | 2008 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2008，54，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Modeling gas-adsorption-induced swelling and permeability changes in coals显示文摘 | Chareonsuppanimit P Mohammad S A Robinson R L | 2014 | International Journal of Coal Geology2014，121，： | 1 |
| 16 | Engineering of efficient panchromatic sensitized for Nanocrystalline TiO2 - based solar cel ls 显示文摘 | Mohammad K Nazeeruddin P P Thierry R | 2001 | Journal of the American Chemical Sociely2001，123，： | 1 |
| 17 | Confinement effects on high-strength concrete 显示文摘 | MEI H KIOUSIS P D Mohammad R Ehsani Hamid Saadatmanesh | 2001 | ACI Structural Journal2001，98，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Highly selective and sensitive chromium (Ⅲ) membrane sensors based on a new tridentate Schiff's base 显示文摘 | Mohammad R G Norouzi P Faridbod F | 2006 | Analytica Chimica Acta2006，569，： | 1 |
| 19 | Water and pollution discharge permit allocation to agricultural zones:application of game theory and min-max regret analysis显示文摘 | Hamed P S Reza K Mohammad R N | 2012 | Water Resources Management2012，26，14： | 1 |
| 20 | Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of Morus alba in an animal model 显示文摘 | Mohammad I J Naik P R | 2008 | Indian J Pharmacol2008，40，1： | 1 |
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