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| 1 | Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a global public health problem with approximately 2 billion people that have been exposed to the virus. HBV is a member of a family of small, enveloped DNA viruses called hepadnaviruses, and has a preferential tropism for hepatocytes of mammals and birds. Epidemiological studies have proved a strong correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common malignancy with about 700000 new cases each year, and more than 50% of them arise in HBV carriers. A large number of studies describe the way in which HBV can contribute to HCC development. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including the accumulation of genetic damage due to immune-mediated hepatic inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. There is evidence of the direct effects of the viral proteins HBx and HBs on the cell biology. Integration of HBV-DNAinto the human genome is considered an early event in the carcinogenic process and can induce, through insertional mutagenesis, the alteration of gene expression and chromosomal instability. HBV has also epigenetic effects through the modification of the genomic methylation status. Furthermore, the virus plays an important role in the regulation of microRNA expression. This review will summarize the many mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis. | Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Giada Marroncini Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 35 |
| 2 | Mass-forming pancreatitis: Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography显示文摘瞄准:在在集体形成的胰腺炎和胰腺的癌之间的鉴别诊断与第二代的造影剂估计提高对比的 ultrasonography (CEUS ) 的用途。方法:从我们的收音机病理数据库,我们检索了经历了 CEUS 的集体形成的胰腺炎或胰腺的癌影响的所有病人。我们由识别“ parenchymographic ”就在集体形成的胰腺炎和胰腺的肿瘤之间的鉴别诊断的可能性而言在 173 胰腺的群众的学习评估了 CEUS 的结果改进在 CEUS 的动态阶段期间,它为集体形成的胰腺炎被认为诊断。结果:在 CEUS, 94% 集体形成的胰腺炎显示出 intralesional parenchymography。CEUS 有 88.6% 的敏感的集体形成的胰腺炎的允许的诊断, 97.8% 的特性, 91.2% 的积极预兆的价值, 97.1% 的否定预兆的价值,和外套 96% 的精确性。CEUS 显著地在在集体形成的胰腺炎和胰腺的癌之间的鉴别诊断增加了诊断信心,与操作从 0.557 的特性曲线区域的接收装置(P = 0.1608 ) 为到 0.956 的基线美国(P <
0.0001 ) 为 CEUS。结论:CEUS 与 96% 的诊断精确性允许集体形成的胰腺炎的诊断。CEUS 显著地在从胰腺的瘤认出集体形成的胰腺炎关于基础美国增加诊断信心。 | Mirko D'Onofrio Giulia Zamboni Alessia Tognolini Roberto Malagò Niccolò Faccioli Luca Frulloni Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，26： | 28 |
| 3 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma显示文摘AIM: To analyze contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) features of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE) in comparison to other multilocular benign focal liver lesions(FLL).METHODS: Twenty-five patients with histologically proven HEHE and 45 patients with histologically proven multilocular benign FLL were retrospectively reviewed. Four radiologists assessed the CEUS enhancement pattern in consensus.RESULTS: HEHE manifested as a single(n = 3) or multinodular(n = 22) FLL. On CEUS, HEHE showed rim-like(18/25, 72%) or heterogeneous hyperenhancement(7/25, 28%) in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement(25/25, 100%) in the portal venous and late phases(PVLP), a sign of malignancy. Eighteen patients showed central unenhanced areas(18/25, 72%); in seven patients(7/25, 28%), more lesions were detected in the PVLP. In contrast, all patients with hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia showed hyperenhancement as the most distinctive feature(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: CEUS allows for characterization of unequivocal FLL. By analyzing the hypoenhancement in the PVLP, CEUS can determine the malignant nature of HEHE. | Yi Dong Wen-Ping Wang Vito Cantisani Mirko D'Onofrio Andre Ignee Lorenzo Mulazzani Adrian Saftoiu Zeno Sparchez Ioan Sporea Christoph F Dietrich | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，19： | 21 |
| 4 | Fluorine-containing oxidizers for metal fuels in energetic formulations显示文摘Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic compositions.Fluorinated oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of substantial heat release combined with gaseous combustion products. This review summarizes different types of fluorinated oxidizers used in energetic formulations or of potential interest for such systems, including gases, polymers, and inorganic compounds. Types of energetic formulations employing metals and fluoropolymers are discussed in more detail, including methods used to prepare composites and resulting salient features of the obtained materials. Laboratory experiments characterizing such materials, in particular, electron microscopy and thermal analysis, are discussed, showing characteristic morphologies and reaction sequences observed in different metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. Striking similarities are noted in reaction sequences for diverse compositions hinting at possible similarities in the respective reaction mechanisms. Experiments probing ignition and combustion of metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites in laboratory conditions are also reviewed, including impact, flash heating and shock ignition. Finally, some practical performance tests for energetic formulations are described following by a brief discussion of the reaction mechanisms expected to govern ignition and combustion in various metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. The conclusions are combined with recommendation for future research in the area of reactive metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. | Siva Kumar Valluri Mirko Schoenitz Edward Dreizin | 2019 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2019，15，1： | 17 |
| 5 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors at the crossroad of obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is the fourth cause of cancer death with an overall survival of 5% at five years. The development of PDAC is characteristically associated to the accumulation of distinctive genetic mutations and is preceded by the exposure to several risk factors. Epidemiology has demonstrated that PDAC risk factors may be non-modifiable risks(sex, age, presence of genetic mutations, ethnicity) and modifiable and co-morbidity factors related to the specific habits and lifestyle. Recently it has become evident that obesity and diabetes are two important modifiable risk factors for PDAC. Obesity and diabetes are complex systemic and intertwined diseases and, over the years, experimental evidence indicate that insulin-resistance, alteration of adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in PDAC. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, differentiation and inflammation. PPARγ is a key regulator of adipocytes differentiation, regulates insulin and adipokines production and secretion, may modulate inflammation, and it is implicated in PDAC. PPARγ agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes and oxidative stressassociated diseases and have been evaluated for the treatment of PDAC. PPARγ is at the cross-road of diabetes, obesity, and PDAC and it is an interesting target to pharmacologically prevent PDAC in obese and diabetic patients. | Simone Polvani Mirko Tarocchi Sara Tempesti Lapo Bencini Andrea Galli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 17 |
| 6 | Autoimmune pancreatitis:Multimodality non-invasive imaging diagnosis显示文摘Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is characterized by obstructive jaundice,a dramatic clinical response to steroids and pathologically by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate,with or without a pancreatic mass.Type 1AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of an Ig G4-related systemic disease and is characterized by elevated Ig G4serum levels,infiltration of Ig G4-positive plasma cells and extrapancreatic lesions.Type 2 AIP usually has none or very few Ig G4-positive plasma cells,no serum Ig G4 elevation and appears to be a pancreas-specific disorder without extrapancreatic involvement.AIP is diagnosed in approximately 2%-6%of patients that undergo pancreatic resection for suspected pancreatic cancer.There are three patterns of autoimmune pancreatitis:diffuse disease is the most common type,with a diffuse,'sausage-like'pancreatic enlargement with sharp margins and loss of the lobular contours;focal disease is less common and manifests as a focal mass,often within the pancreatic head,mimicking a pancreatic malignancy.Multifocal involvement can also occur.In this paper we describe the features of AIP at ultrasonography,computed tomography,magnetic resonanceand positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging,focusing on diagnosis and differential diagnosis with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.It is of utmost importance to make an early correct differential diagnosis between these two diseases in order to identify the optimal therapeutic strategy and to avoid unnecessary laparotomy or pancreatic resection in AIP patients.Non-invasive imaging plays also an important role in therapy monitoring,in follow-up and in early identification of disease recurrence. | Stefano Crosara Mirko D'Onofrio Riccardo De Robertis Emanuele Demozzi Stefano Canestrini Giulia Zamboni Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 16 |
| 7 | Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Magnetic resonance imaging features according to grade and stage显示文摘AIM To describe magnetic resonance(MR) imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(Pan NENs) according to their grade and tumor-nodes-metastases stage by comparing them to histopathology and todetermine the accuracy of MR imaging features in predicting their biological behavior.METHODS This study was approved by our institutional review board; requirement for informed patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. Preoperative MR examinations of 55 Pan NEN patients(29 men, 26 women; mean age of 57.6 years, range 21-83 years) performed between June 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative features were compared between tumor grades and stages determined by histopathological analysis.RESULTS Ill defined margins were more common in G2-3 and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ PanN ENs than in G1 and low-stage tumors(P < 0.001); this feature had high specificity in the identification of G2-3 and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ tumors(90.3% and 96%, 95%CI: 73.1-97.5 and 77.7-99.8). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly lower in G2-3 and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ lesions compared to well differentiated and low-stage tumors(1.09 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.45 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.10 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.53 × 10-3 mm2/s, P = 0.003 and 0.001). Receiving operator characteristic analysis determined optimal cutoffs of 1.21 and 1.28 × 10-3 mm2/s for the identification of G2-3 and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ tumors, with sensitivity and specificity values of 70.8/80.7% and 64.5/64%(95%CI: 48.7-86.6/60-92.7 and 45.4-80.2/42.6-81.3).CONCLUSION MR features of PanN ENs vary according to their grade of differentiation and their stage at diagnosis and could predict the biological behavior of these tumors. | Riccardo De Robertis Sara Cingarlini Paolo Tinazzi Martini Silvia Ortolani Giovanni Butturini Luca Landoni Paolo Regi Roberto Girelli Paola Capelli Stefano Gobbo Giampaolo Tortora Aldo Scarpa Paolo Pederzoli Mirko D'Onofrio | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，2： | 16 |
| 8 | Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones induce ductal differentiation but not apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells显示文摘AIM: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to inhibit growth of same epithelial cancer cells. Although TZD were found to be ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the mechanism by which TZD exert their anticancer effect is presently unclear. In this study,we analyzed the mechanism by which TZD inhibit growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of these drugs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS: The effects of TZD in pancreatic cancer cells were assessed in anchorage-independent growth assay.Expression of PPARγ was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by Western blot analysis. PPARγ activity was evaluated by transient reporter gene assay. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentationassay were used to determine the effect of TZD on cell cycle progression and apoptosis respectively. The effect of TZD on ductal differentiation markers was performed by Western blot.RESULTS: Exposure to TZD inhibited colony formation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Growth inhibition was linked to G1 phase cell cycle arrest through induction of the ductal differentiation program without any increase of the apoptotic rate.CONCLUSION: TZD treatment in pancreatic cancer cells has potent inhibitory effects on growth by a PPAR-dependent induction of pacreatic ductal differentiation. | Elisabetta Ceni Tommaso Mello Mirko Tarocchi David W Crabb Anna Caldini Pietro Invernizzi Calogero Surrenti Stefano Milani Andrea Galli | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，8： | 15 |
| 9 | Diffusion-weighted imaging of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is a reliable and accurate imaging method for the evaluation of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC). Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) is a relatively recent technological improvement that expanded MRI capabilities, having brought functional aspects into conventional morphologic MRI evaluation. DWI can depict the random diffusion of water molecules within tissues(the so-called Brownian motions). Modifications of water diffusion induced by different factors acting on the extracellular and intracellular spaces, as increased cell density, edema, fibrosis, or altered functionality of cell membranes, can be detected using this MR sequence. The intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM) model is an advanced DWI technique that consent a separate quantitative evaluation of all the microscopic random motions that contribute to DWI, which are essentially represented by molecular diffusion and blood microcirculation(perfusion). Technological improvements have made possible the routine use of DWI during abdominal MRI study. Several authors have reported that the addition of DWI sequence can be of value for the evaluation of patients with PDAC, especially improving the staging; nevertheless, it is still unclear whether and how DWI could be helpful for identification, characterization, prognostic stratification and follow-up during treatment. The aim of this paper is to review up-to-date literature data regarding the applications of DWI and IVIM to PDACs. | Riccardo De Robertis Paolo Tinazzi Martini Emanuele Demozzi Flavia Dal Corso Claudio Bassi Paolo Pederzoli Mirko D'Onofrio | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，10： | 14 |
| 10 | A study of pulmonary embolism after abdominal surgery in patients undergoing prophylaxis显示文摘AIM:To determine risk factors for pulmonary embolism and estimate effects and benefits of prophylaxis.METHODS:We included 78 patients who died subsequently to a pulmonary embolism after major abdomi nal surgery from 1985 to 2003.A first,retrospective analysis involved 41 patients who underwent elective surgery between 1985 and 1990 without receiving any prophylaxis.In the prospectively evaluated subgroup,37 patients undergoing major surgery between 1991 and 2003 were enrolled:all of them had received a prophylaxis consisting in low-molecular weight heparin,given subcutaneously at a dose of 2850 IU AXa/0.3 mL(body weight < 50 kg) or 5700 IU AXa/0.6 mL(body weight ≥ 50 kg).RESULTS:A higher incidence of thromboembolism(43.9% and 46.34% in the two groups,respectively) was found in older patients(> 60 years).The incidence of pulmonary embolism after major abdominal surgery in patients who had received the prophylaxis was signifi cantly lower compared to the subjects with the same condition who had not received any prophylaxis(P < 0.001,OR = 2.825;95% CI,1.811-4.408).Furthermore,the incidence of pulmonary embolism after colorectal cancer surgery was signifi cantly higher compared to incidence of pulmonary embolism after other abdominal surgical procedures.Finally,the incidence of pulmonary embolism after colorectal cancer surgery among the patients who had received the prophylaxis(11/4316,0.26%) was significantly lower compared to subjects undergoing a surgical procedure for the same indication but without prophylaxis(10/1562,0.64%)(P < 0.05,OR = 2.522;95% CI,1.069-5.949).CONCLUSION:Prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is highly recommended during the preoperative period in patients with diagnosis of colorectal cancer due to high risk of pulmonary embolism after elective surgery. | Mirko D Kerkez Dorde M ulafi Dragana D Mija Vitomir I Rankovi Nebja S Leki Dejan Z Stefanovi | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，3： | 14 |
| 11 | Noninvasive diagnosis of cirrhosis:A review of different imaging modalities显示文摘Progressive hepatic fibrosis can lead to cirrhosis,so its early detection is fundamental.Staging fibrosis is also critical for prognosis and management.The gold standard for these aims is liver biopsy,but it has several drawbacks,as it is invasive,expensive,has poor acceptance,is prone to inter observer variability and sampling errors,has poor repeatability,and has a risk of complications and mortality.Therefore,non-invasive imaging tests have been developed.This review mainly focuses on the role of transient elastography,acoustic radiation force impulse imaging,and magnetic resonance-based methods for the noninvasive diagnosis of cirrhosis. | Riccardo De Robertis Mirko D'Onofrio Emanuele Demozzi Stefano Crosara Stefano Canestrini Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 12 |
| 12 | Nuclear receptors and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a devastating disease with a median overall survival time of5 mo and the five years survival less than 5%,a rate essentially unchanged over the course of the years.A well defined progression model of accumulation of genetic alterations ranging from single point mutations to gross chromosomal abnormalities has been introduced to describe the origin of this disease.However,due to the its subtle nature and concurring events PDAC cure remains elusive.Nuclear receptors(NR)are members of a large superfamily of evolutionarily conserved ligand-regulated DNA-binding transcription factors functionally involved in important cellular functions ranging from regulation of metabolism,to growth and development.Given the nature of their ligands,NR are very tempting drug targets and their pharmacological modulation has been widely exploited for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.There are now clear evidences that both classical ligand-activated and orphan NR are involved in the pathogenesis of PDAC from its very early stages;nonetheless many aspects of their role are not fully understood.The purpose of this review is to highlight the striking connections that link peroxisome proliferator activated receptors,retinoic acid receptors,retinoid X receptor,androgen receptor,estrogen receptors and the orphan NR Nur,chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factorⅡand the liver receptor homologue-1 receptor to PDAC development,connections that could lead to the identification of novel therapies for this disease. | Simone Polvani Mirko Tarocchi Sara Tempesti Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 12 |
| 13 | Liver volumetry:Is imaging reliable?Personal experience and review of the literature显示文摘The amount of the future liver remnant volume is fun-damental for hepato-biliary surgery, representing animportant potential risk-factor for the development ofpost-hepatectomy liver failure. Despite this, there isno uniform consensus about the amount of hepaticparenchyma that can be safely resected, nor about themodality that should be chosen for this evaluation. Thepre-operative evaluation of hepatic volume, along witha precise identification of vascular and biliar anatomyand variants, are therefore necessary to reduce surgi-cal complications, especially for extensive resections.Some studies have tried to validate imaging methods[ultrasound, computed tomography(CT), magneticresonance imaging] for the assessment of liver volume,but there is no clear evidence about the most accuratemethod for this evaluation. Furthermore, this volumet-ric evaluation seems to have a certain degree of error,tending to overestimate the actual hepatic volume,therefore some conversion factors, which should givea more reliable evaluation of liver volume, have been proposed. It is widespread among non-radiologists the use of independent software for an off-site volumetric analysis, performed on digital imaging and communica-tions in medicine images with their own personal com-puter, but very few studies have provided a validation of these methods. Moreover, while the pre-transplanta-tion volumetric assessment is fundamental, it remains unclear whether it should be routinely performed in all patients undergoing liver resection. In this editorial the role of imaging in the estimation of liver volume is dis-cussed, providing a review of the most recent literature and a brief personal series of correlations between liver volumes and resection specimens' weight, in order to assess the precision of the volumetric CT evaluation. | Mirko D'Onofrio Riccardo De Robertis Emanuele Demozzi Stefano Crosara Stefano Canestrini Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，4： | 11 |
| 14 | Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:The present and the future显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver. Its relationship to chronic liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, develops on a background of viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake or metabolic steatohepatitis, leads to a high incidence and prevalence of this neoplasia worldwide. Despite the spread of HCC, its treatment it's still a hard challenge, due to high rate of late diagnosis and to lack of therapeutic options for advanced disease. In fact radical surgery and liver transplantation, the most radical therapeutic approaches, are indicated only in case of early diagnosis. Even local therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization, find limited indications, leading to an important problem regarding treatment of advanced disease. In this situation, until terminal HCC occurs, systemic therapy is the only possible approach, with sorafenib as the only standard treatment available. Anyway, the efficacy of this drug is limited and many efforts are necessary to understand who could benefit more with this treatment. Therefore, other molecules for a targeted therapy were evaluated, but only regorafenib showed promising results. Beside molecular target therapy, also cytotoxic drugs, in particular oxaliplatinand gemcitabine-based regimens, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors were tested with interesting results. The future of the treatment of this neoplasia is linked to our ability to understand its mechanisms of resistance and to find novel therapeutic targets, with the objective to purpose individualized approaches to patients affected by advanced HCC. | Marco Le Grazie Maria Rosa Biagini Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Andrea Galli | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，21： | 11 |
| 15 | Depression and anxiety levels in therapy-nave patients with inflammatory bowel disease and cancer of the colon显示文摘AIM: To assess whether depression and anxiety are more expressed in patients with the first episode of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in individuals with newly discovered cancer of the colon (CCa). METHODS: A total of 32 patients with IBD including 13 males and 19 females, aged 27 to 74, and 30 patients with CCa including 20 males and 10 females, aged 39-78, underwent a structured interview, which comprised Hamilton’s Depression Rating Inventory, Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Inventory and Paykel’s Stressful Events Rating Scale. RESULTS: Patients of the IBD group expressed both depression and anxiety. Depressive mood, sense of guilt, psychomotor retardation and somatic anxiety were also more pronounced in IBD patients. The discriminant function analysis revealed the total depressive score was of high importance for the classification of a newly diagnosed patient into one of the groups. CONCLUSION: Newly diagnosed patients with IBD have higher levels of depression and anxiety. Moreover, a psychiatrist in the treatment team is advisable from the beginning. | Branislav R Filipovi Branka F Filipovi Mirko Kerkez Nikola Milini Tomislav Ran■elovi | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，3： | 10 |
| 16 | Prognostication and response assessment in liver and pancreatic tumors:The new imaging显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) and perfusion computed tomography(CT) are technical improvements of morphologic imaging that can evaluate functional properties of hepato-bilio-pancreatic tumors during conventional MRI or CT examinations.Nevertheless, the term 'functional imaging' is commonly used to describe molecular imaging techniques, as positron emission tomography(PET)CT/MRI, which still represent the most widely used methods for the evaluation of functional properties of solid neoplasms; unlike PET or single photon emission computed tomography, functional imaging techniques applied to conventional MRI/CT examinations do not require the administration of radiolabeled drugs or specific equipments. Moreover, DWI and DCE-MRI can be performed during the same session, thus providing a comprehensive 'one-step' morphological and functional evaluation of hepato-bilio-pancreatic tumors. Literature data reveal that functional imaging techniques could be proposed for the evaluation of these tumors before treatment, given that they may improve staging and predict prognosis or clinical outcome. Microscopic changes within neoplastic tissues induced by treatments can be detected and quantified with functional imaging,therefore these techniques could be used also for posttreatment assessment, even at an early stage. The aim of this editorial is to describe possible applications of new functional imaging techniques apart frommolecular imaging to hepatic and pancreatic tumors through a review of up-to-date literature data, with a particular emphasis on pathological correlations,prognostic stratification and post-treatment monitoring. | Riccardo De Robertis Paolo Tinazzi Martini Emanuele Demozzi Gino Puntel Silvia Ortolani Sara Cingarlini Andrea Ruzzenente Alfredo Guglielmi Giampaolo Tortora Claudio Bassi Paolo Pederzoli Mirko D'Onofrio | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，22： | 10 |
| 17 | Acoustic radiation force impulse of the liver显示文摘Acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)imaging is a new and promising ultrasound-based diagnostic technique that,evaluating the wave propagation speed,allows the assessment of the tissue stiffness.ARFI is implemented in the ultrasound scanner.By short-duration acoustic radiation forces(less than 1 ms),localized displacements are generated in a selected region of interest not requiring any external compression so reducing the operator dependency.The generated wave scan provides qualitative or quantitative(wave velocity values)responses.Several non-invasive methods for assessing the staging of fibrosis are used,in order to avoid liver biopsy.Liver function tests and transient elastography are non-invasive,sensitive and accurate tools for the assessment of liver fibrosis and for the discrimination between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver.Many published studies analyse ARFI performance and feasibility in studying diffuse liver diseases and compare them to other diagnostic imaging modalities such as conventional ultrasonography and transient elastography.Solid focal liver lesions,both benign and malignant,are common findings during abdominal examinations.The accurate characterization and differential diagnosis are important aims of all the imaging modalities available today.Only few papers describe the application of ARFI technology in the study of solid focal liver lesions,with different results.In the present study,the existing literature,to the best of our knowledge,about ARFI application on diffuse and focal liver pathology has been evaluated and results and statistical analyses have been compared,bringing to the conclusion that ARFI can be used in the study of the liver with similar accuracy as transient elastography in diagnosing significant fibrosis or cirrhosis and has got some advantages in respect to transient elastography since it does not require separate equipment,better displays anatomical structures and measurements can be successfully carried out almost in every patient. | Mirko D'Onofrio Stefano Crosara Riccardo De Robertis Stefano Canestrini Emanuele Demozzi Anna Gallotti Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 9 |
| 18 | Treatment of rectal prolapse in children with cow milk injection sclerotherapy:30-year experience显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the role and our experience of injecti-on sclerotherapy with cow milk in the treatment of rectal prolapse in children. METHODS:In the last 30 years (1976-2006) we made 100 injections of sclerotherapy with cow milk in 86 chil-dren. In this study we included children who failed to respond to conservative treatment and we perform ope-rative treatment. RESULTS:In our study we included 86 children and in all of the patients we perform cow milk injection sclerot-herapy. In 95.3% (82 children) of patients sclerotherapy was successful. In 4 (4.7%) patients we had recurrent rectal prolapse where we performed operative treatment. Below 4 years we had 62 children (72%) and 24 older children (28%). In children who needed operative trea-tment we performed Thiersch operation and without any complications. CONCLUSION:Injection sclerotherapy with cow milk for treatment rectal prolapse in children is a simple and effective treatment for rectal prolapse with minimal com-plications. | Mirko Zganjer Ante Cizmic Irenej Cigit Bozidar Zupancic Igor Bumci Ljiljana Popovic Antun Kljenak | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，5： | 8 |
| 19 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the pancreas显示文摘The introduction of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) has led to major improvements in the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound(US).The innovative use of CEUS for study of the pancreas has created the need for a definition of the most frequent dynamic features of solid and cystic masses.CEUS is less expensive compared to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and is able to significantly improve the accuracy of US,allowing better characterization and staging of pancreatic pathologies. | Mirko D'Onofrio Anna Gallotti Francesco Principe Roberto Pozzi Mucelli | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，3： | 8 |
| 20 | Effect of a counseling-supported treatment with the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on the severity of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To determine the clinical effectiveness of nutritional counseling on reduction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) severity, weight loss, metabolic and anthropometric indexes and liver enzymes.METHODS Forty-six adults with NAFLD received a 6-mo clinical and a dietary intervention(based on Mediterranean diet) carried out respectively by a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist with counseling license. The counseling process consisted of monthly meeting(about 45 min each). The effect of the treatment was evaluated monitoring liver enzymes, metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk indexes, NAFLD severity [assessed by ultrasound(US)] and related indexes. All parameters were assessed at baseline. Biochemistry was also assessed at mid-and end-interventions and US was repeated at end-intervention.RESULTS The percentage of patients with steatosis grade equal or higher than 2 was reduced from 93% to 48% and steatosis regressed in 9 patients(20%). At the end of the treatment the end-point concerning the weight(i.e., a 7% weight reduction or achievement/maintenance of normal weight) was accomplished by 25 out of 46 patients(i.e., 54.3%). As far as the liver enzymes is concerned, all three liver enzymes significantly decrease during the treatment the normalization was particularly evident for the ALT enzyme(altered values reduced from 67% down to 11%). Several parameters, i.e., BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, AST, ALT, GGT, HDL, serum glucose, Tot-Chol/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, AIP, HOMA, FLI, Kotronen index, VAI, NAFLD liver fat score and LAP, showed a significant improvement(P < 0.01) between baseline and end-treatment.CONCLUSION Outcomes of this study further strengthen the hypothesis that Med Diet and more active lifestyle can be considered a safe therapeutic approach for reducing risk and severity of NAFLD and related disease states. The proposed approach may be proposed as a valid and recommended approach for improving the clinical profile of NAFLD patients. | Chiara Gelli Mirko Tarocchi Ludovico Abenavoli Laura Di Renzo Andrea Galli Antonino De Lorenzo | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，17： | 8 |
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