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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Epidemiology,surveillance and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:an Overview显示文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) is one of the most common human pathogens,causing a wide range of afflictions from minor infections of the skin to serious wound infections,bacteraemia,pneumonia and endocarditis. Methicillin,the first semisynthetic derivative of penicillin,was a new hope to treat penicillin resistant 5.aureus in the early 1960s.Nevertheless,only one year after its introduction,the first methicillin-resistant 5.aureus (MRSA) strains were detected.There is no golden rule in the control of MRSA.Nevertheless,using surveillance cultures of patients and healthcare personnel,strictly enforced contact precautions,and judicious use of broad-spectrum antibiotics have helped several countries,including Finland,Denmark,and the Netherlands to keep MRSA at a very low level.Conversely,countries including China,Japan,US,Italy,Greece,UK, where stringent counter-measure were not able to be installed,MRSA have become hyper-endemic.Control of MRSA in those countries were obliged to concentrate available resources to prevent MRSA infections only at patients at high risk of serious morbidity and mortality. | Li F DeWolfe Miller F | 2008 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2008，1，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Variations in zonal fruit starch concentrations of apples – a developmental phenomenon or an indication of ripening?显示文摘Patterns of starch hydrolysis in stem,equatorial,and calyx zones of‘Honeycrisp’and‘Empire’apples(Malus sylvestris(L.)Mill var.domestica(Borkh.)Mansf.)during maturation and ripening,and in‘Gala’apples in response to propylene or 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatments after harvest,were studied.Differences in zonal starch concentrations were found for‘Empire’and‘Gala’fruits,but not for‘Honeycrisp’.During maturation and ripening of‘Empire’,the concentration of starch was highest in the calyx end and lowest in the stem region.Differences in rates of starch hydrolysis among zones were not detected.‘Honeycrisp’and‘Empire’had the highest concentration of sorbitol in the calyx region,whereas it was highest in the stem-end region in‘Gala’.The distribution differences of glucose,fructose,and sucrose were similar in all three cultivars;higher fructose and glucose concentrations in the stem region,and higher sucrose concentrations in the calyx end of the fruit.Postharvest treatment of‘Gala’with propylene did not affect the internal ethylene concentration of the fruit but 1-MCP markedly inhibited it.Starch concentrations were highest in the calyx end but gradients of starch among zones were not changed by postharvest treatment.The rate of hydrolysis was slowed by 1-MCP treatment,but was unaffected by propylene.Postharvest treatments influenced sorbitol,glucose,and fructose concentrations.Patterns of starch concentration among the zones did not confirm differences in ripening,but reflected its uneven distribution throughout the fruit during development.Therefore,measured differences in zonal starch are most likely related to starch accumulation during fruit development,rather than differences in rates of starch degradation during ripening. | Franziska C Doerflinger William B Miller Jacqueline F Nock Christopher B Watkins | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Challenges for fuel cells in transport applications显示文摘 | Chalk S G Miller J F Wagner F W | 2000 | Journal of Power Sources2000，86，： | 2 |
| 5 | Reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve obstruction in the era of echocardiography: trends in diagnostic testing and comparison with surgical findings显示文摘 | Steven E Girard Fletcher A Miller Thomas A Orszulak Charles J Mullany Samantha Montgomery William D Edwards Henry D Tazelaar Joseph F Malouf A.Jamil Tajik | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Rating chronic medical illness burden in geropsyehiatric practice and research: application of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale显示文摘 | Miller M D Paradis C F Houck P R | 1992 | Psychiatry Res1992，41，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The use of the 'lateral canthal sling' in ectropion repair 显示文摘 | TENZEL R R BUFFAM F V MILLER G R | 1977 | Can J Ophthalmol1977，12，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Lipid specificity and location of the sterol carrier protein-2 fatty acidbinding site: A fluorescence displacement and energy transfer study 显示文摘 | FROLOV A MILLER K SCHROEDER F | 1997 | Lipids1997，32，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Super-reltron theory and experiments显示文摘 | Miller R B McCullough W F Lancaster K T | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science1992，20，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis显示文摘 | Barkhof F Filippi M Miller DH | 1997 | Brain1997，120，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Strategies for the rapid treatment of depression 显示文摘 | Miller F E | 2001 | Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp2001，16，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database searchprograms显示文摘 | Madden T L Schaffer A A Zhang J Zhang Z Miller W Lipman D J | 1997 | Nucle ic Acids Res1997，25，： | 1 |
| 13 | The Cost of Capital,Corporation Finance,and the Theory of Investment显示文摘 | MILLER M | 1958 | The A merican Economic Review1958，，48： | 1 |
| 14 | Micro-Spatial variability of soil nitrate following nitrogen fertilization and drip irrigation 显示文摘 | Zhang R D Vance G F Miller S D | 1999 | Water Air and Soil Pollution1999，116，： | 1 |
| 15 | Redundancy and computational efficiency in cartesian genetic programming 显示文摘 | Miller J F Smith S L | 2006 | IEEE Trans on Evolutionary Computation2006，10，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Phytoxic effect of deoxynivalenol and gibbereUaear rot resistance of corn显示文摘 | COSSETTE F MILLER J D | 1995 | Nat Toxins1995，3，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Composting process control based on interaction between microbial heat output and temperature 显示文摘 | MacGregor S T Miller F C Psarianos K M | 1981 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology1981，41，6： | 1 |
| 18 | The Nature of Phosphogypsum Impurities and Their Influence on Cement Hydration 显示文摘 | Tabikh A Miller F M | 1991 | Cement and concrete research1991，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Time Temperature Relation for Rupture and Creep Stresses显示文摘 | Larson F R Miller J A | 1952 | Trans ASME1952，74，： | 1 |
| 20 | Characterization of irradiated model pressure steels 显示文摘 | MILLER M K HOELZER D T EBRAHIMI F | 1987 | J Phys1987，486，： | 1 |
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