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| 1 | 评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 | Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，11： | 80 |
| 2 | 探索MOOC教学方法在mLearning中的运用显示文摘本文把大型开放式网络课程(Massively Open Online Course,以下简称MOOC)作为适应移动学习(mLearning)的一种可能的教学方法,这种教学方法建立在与当前学习或教学形式相适宜的基础上。本文呈现了一个MobiMOOC应用的案例研究,该案例使用MOOC形式创建一门课程,研究展示了MOOC和mLearning之间的协同特性,并将当前数字化的协作学习和知识建构这两个理想领域结合在一起。MobiMOOC是聚焦于mlearning、为期六周的网上课程,于2011年的4月到5月之间进行。MobiMOOC是免费开放的课程,有556位学习者加入了课程谷歌群组。课程结束时的调查结果有力地证明了MOOCs和mLearning之间的协同作用。本篇论文对时间和地点的独立性、情境学习、协作学习、潜在的跨学科信息交流,以及应用于网上学习的技术,如社交媒体,移动设备等方面进行了探讨。 | Inge DE Waard Apostolos Koutropoulos Nilgün zdamar Keskin Sean C.Abajian Rebecca Hogue C.Osvaldo Rodriguez Michael Sean Gallagher 何伏刚 马东明 孙海民 | 2012 | 中国远程教育2012，，5： | 39 |
| 3 | LC-MS^n比较分析三种传统中草药中绿原酸及其衍生物组分(英文)显示文摘利用LC-MSn分析了杜仲叶、金银花叶以及鱼腥草叶甲醇提取物中绿原酸及其异构体和衍生物。发现3种样品中都含有3种单咖啡酰奎尼酸(绿原酸),分别是3-咖啡酰奎尼酸(3-caffeoylquinic acid,3-CQA)、4-CQA和5-CQA。杜仲叶和金银花叶中5-CQA为主要成分,但鱼腥草叶中以3-CQA和4-CQA为主要成分。在杜仲叶中首次发现咖啡酰奎尼酸糖苷;另外还发现金银花叶中有少量5-阿魏酰奎尼酸(5-feruloylquinic acid,5-FQA);鱼腥草叶含有少量的3-FQA和4-肉桂酰奎尼酸(4-p-coumaroylquinic acid,4-pCoQA)。本文首次报道鱼腥草叶中绿原酸异构体成分,为3-CQA和4-CQA的开发提供了来源(植物中绿原酸的结构一般以5-CQA为主)。 | 王征 CLIFFORD Michael N | 2008 | 药学学报2008，43，2： | 28 |
| 4 | 二尖瓣病变定位经食道超声检查与术中发现的对照研究显示文摘目的:应用经食道超声心动图序列二尖瓣病变定位切面与术中发现进行对照研究,寻找对应二尖瓣不同小叶分区的相应切面及标准化操作规程,以供临床决策及提高手术成功率。方法:二尖瓣脱垂并伴有中度以上的二尖瓣反流拟行外科手术患者53例。术前行食道超声检测瓣膜病变类型与小叶分区定位,与术中发现进行对照。二尖瓣的解剖定位采用Carpentier命名法,将前叶分为A1、A2及A3,后叶分为P1、P2及P3。术前1周及术中食道超声应用中食道四腔心切面、中食道5腔心切面、显示冠状静脉窦的短四腔心切面、两腔心切面、二尖瓣交界区两腔心切面、中食道左心室长轴切面及胃底左心室短轴切面进行二尖瓣病变的小叶分区定位。外科医生术中记录二尖瓣瓣膜脱垂、腱索断裂等病理类型及A1、A2及A3;P1、P2及P3病变部位。结果:46例资料完整的患者276个小叶被分析。在7个可以显示二尖瓣小叶分区定位的切面中,中食道五腔心切面、中食道四腔心切面、显示冠状静脉窦的短四腔切面、三腔心切面及结合彩色血流的胃底左心室短轴切面与术中发现的吻合率较高。结论:通过食道超声选择序列合理的切面可以在二尖瓣手术前进行较为准确的病变小叶分区定位,为外科手术,尤其是二尖瓣成形术提供必要的术前资料。 | 何怡华 李治安 谷孝艳 韩建成 陈健 Michael CK John Victor N | 2009 | 心肺血管病杂志2009，28，5： | 26 |
| 5 | 2018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。 | Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) | 2019 | 中华精神科杂志2019，52，1： | 25 |
| 6 | Multiplex RT-PCR-based detections of CEA, CK20 and EGFR in colorectal cancer patients显示文摘AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method detecting cir-culating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 88 CRC patients and 40 healthy individuals from the blood donors' clinic and subsequently analyzed by multiplex RT-RCR for the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. The analysis involved determining the detection rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts vs disease stage and overall survival. Median follow-up period was 19 mo (range 8-28 mo). RESULTS: Rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR detection in CRC patients were 95.5%, 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. CEA transcripts were detected in 3 healthy volunteer samples (7.5%), whereas all control samples were tested negative for CK20 and EGFR transcripts. The increasing number of positive detections for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts in each blood sample was positively correlated with Astler-Coller disease stage (P< 0.001) and preoperative serum levels of CEA (P=0.029) in CRC patients. Data analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator documented signif icant differences in the overall survival of the different CRC patient groups as formed according to the increasing number of positivity for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that multiplex RTPCR assay can provide useful information concerning disease stage and overall survival of CRC patients. | Aikaterini Tsouma Chrysanthi Aggeli Panagiotis Lembessis George N Zografos Dimitris P Korkolis Dimitrios Pectasides Maria Skondra Nikolaos Pissimissis Anastasia Tzonou Michael Koutsilieris | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，47： | 19 |
| 7 | 高血压的时间治疗学显示文摘 | Ramón C. Hermida Diana E. Ayala Michael H. Smolensky Francesco Portaluppi 赵子彦 | 2007 | 中华高血压杂志2007，15，8： | 18 |
| 8 | Orbital inflammatory disease:Pictorial review and differential diagnosis显示文摘Orbital inflammatory disease(OID) represents a collec tion of inflammatory conditions affecting the orbit. OID is a diagnosis of exclusion, with the differential diagno sis including infection, systemic inflammatory conditions and neoplasms, among other conditions. Inflammatory conditions in OID include dacryoadenitis, myositis, cel lulitis, optic perineuritis, periscleritis, orbital apicitis, and a focal mass. Sclerosing orbital inflammation is a rare condition with a chronic, indolent course involving dense fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate. Previously though to be along the spectrum of OID, it is now considered a distinct pathologic entity. Imaging plays an importan role in elucidating any underlying etiology behind orbita inflammation and is critical for ruling out other condi tions prior to a definitive diagnosis of OID. In this re view, we will explore the common sites of involvemen by OID and discuss differential diagnosis by site and key imaging findings for each condition. | Michael N Pakdaman Ali R Sepahdari Sahar M Elkhamary | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，4： | 12 |
| 9 | Conservation needs of amphibians in China: A review显示文摘The conservation status of all the amphibians in China is analyzed,and the country is shown to be a global priority for conservation in comparison to many other countries of the world.Three Chinese regions are particularly rich in amphibian diversity:Hengduan,Nanling,and Wuyi mountains.Sala-manders are more threatened than frogs and toads.Several smaller families show a high propensity to become seriously threatened:Bombinatoridae,Cryptobranchidae,Hynobiidae and Salamandridae.Like other parts of the world,stream-breeding,high-elevation forest amphibians have a much higher likeli-hood of being seriously threatened.Habitat loss,pollution,and over-harvesting are the most serious threats to Chinese amphibians.Over-harvesting is a less pervasive threat than habitat loss,but it is more likely to drive a species into rapid decline.Five conservation challenges are mentioned with recommendations for the highest priority research and conservation actions. | Michael Wai Neng LAU Simon N STUART Janice S CHANSON Neil A COX Debra L FISCHMAN | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 12 |
| 10 | Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome显示文摘AIM: To assess the impact of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on pulmonary gas exchange and to evaluate the use of TIPS for the treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).METHODS: Seven patients, three of them with advanced HPS, in whom detailed pulmonary function tests were performed before and after TIPS placementat the University of Alabama Hospital and at the Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, were considered.RESULTS: TIPS patency was confirmed by hemodynamic evaluation. No changes in arterial blood gases were observed in the overall subset of patients. Transient arterial oxygenation improvement was observed in only one HPS patient, early after TIPS, but this was not sustained 4 mo later.CONCLUSION: TIPS neither improved nor worsened pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension. This data does not support the use of TIPS as a specific treatment for HPS. However, it does reinforce the view that TIPS can be safely performed for the treatment of other complications of portal hypertension in patients with HPS. | Graciela Martínez-Pallí Britt B Drake Joan-Carles García-Pagán Joan-Albert Barberà Miguel R Arguedas Robert Rodriguez-Roisin Jaume Bosch Michael B Fallon | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，43： | 11 |
| 11 | Passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and assessment of clinical outcomes显示文摘AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(< 6 mo and > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respectively, P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Passive expansion of sm TIPS does occur but clinical outcomes of sm TIPS and m TIPS were similar. Sub-maximal dilation can prevent complications related to overshunting in select patients. | Michael C Hsu Charles N Weber S William Stavropoulos Timothy W Clark Scott O Trerotola Richard D Shlansky Goldberg Michael C Soulen Gregory J Nadolski | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，12： | 11 |
| 12 | Multiple amino acid sensing inputs to mTORC1显示文摘rapamycin 建筑群 1 的 evolutionarily 保存的目标(TORC1 ) 是细胞生长和新陈代谢的一个主人管理者。在哺乳动物,生长因素和细胞的精力通过 TSC 建筑群(TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7 ) 的抑制刺激 mTORC1 活动, mTORC1 的一个否定管理者。氨基酸独立于 TSC 建筑群发信号到 mTORC1。这里,我们考察连接氨基酸充足到 mTORC1 活动的最近识别的管理者并且影响这些管理者的变化怎么引起人的疾病。 | itsugu Shimobayashi Michael N Hall | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，1： | 10 |
| 13 | 基于岩土介质三维孔隙结构的两相流模型显示文摘地下储层中岩土介质一般具有较低的孔隙连通性,宏观流动模拟一般忽略微观尺度的孔隙连通性,通过渗透率、弯曲度等参数反映储层的整体特性。但岩土介质的多孔性及孔隙间复杂的连通性,使得宏观描述流体在岩土介质中流动不能反映其内在流动特征。孔隙结构模型的建立可以反映岩土介质中孔隙的几何形态及空间连通性,为解释流体在复杂多孔介质中的流动特性提供有效手段。通过考虑岩土介质孔隙尺寸分布、孔隙孔喉空间相关性、孔隙连通性等特征参数,建立了反映不同岩土介质连通性、各向异性特征的等效孔隙网络模型。等效孔隙网络模型通过水力特征参数等效的方式反映岩土介质三维微观孔隙结构,通过渗透率计算验证了模型的有效性。此外,基于建立的孔隙结构模型,开发了孔隙尺度动态两相流计算模型,模型可以反映孔隙内弯液面的动态运动过程,直观反映多孔介质中的优势渗流,可以为不同孔隙尺度岩土介质提供表观渗透率、击穿曲线、相对渗透率曲线等宏观计算参数。将孔隙尺度两相流模型应用于页岩气开采中水力阻滞特性研究,结果表明:页岩基质的残余饱和度约为30%,随着平均配位数的增加,残余饱和度显著降低。 | 张鹏伟 胡黎明 Jay N Meegoda Michael A Celia | 2020 | 岩土工程学报2020，42，1： | 10 |
| 14 | Role of the endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease.At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells,whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply,immune cell emigration,and regulation of the tissue environment.Expansion of the endothelium in IBD(angiogenesis),mediated by inflammatory growth factors,cytokines and chemokines,is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity.The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and adhesion molecules,altering coagulant capacity,barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury.This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions. | Walter E Cromer J Michael Mathis Daniel N Granger Ganta V Chaitanya J Steven Alexander | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，5： | 10 |
| 15 | Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation: A decade nationwide analysis显示文摘AIM: To investigate outcomes and predictors of inhospital morbidity and mortality after total pancreatectomy(TP) and islet autotransplantation. METHODS: The nationwide inpatient sample(NIS) database was used to identify patients who underwent TP and islet autotransplantation(IAT) between 2002-2012 in the United States. Variables of interest were inherent variables of NIS database which included demographic data(age, sex, and race), comorbidities(such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and deficiency anemia), and admission type(elective vs nonelective). The primary endpoints were mortality and postoperative complications according to the ICD-9 diagnosis codes which were reported as the second to 25 th diagnosis of patients in the database. Risk adjusted analysis was performed to investigate morbidity predictors. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors of in-hospital morbidity.RESULTS: We evaluated a total of 923 patients who underwent IAT after pancreatectomy during 2002-2012. Among them, there were 754 patients who had TP + IAT. The most common indication ofsurgery was chronic pancreatitis(86%) followed by acute pancreatitis(12%). The number of patients undergoing TP + IAT annually significantly increased during the 11 years of study from 53 cases in 2002 to 155 cases in 2012. Overall mortality and morbidity of patients were 0% and 57.8 %, respectively. Postsurgical hypoinsulinemia was reported in 42.3% of patients, indicating that 57.7% of patients were insulin independent during hospitalization. Predictors of inhospital morbidity were obesity [adjusted odds ratio(AOR): 3.02, P = 0.01], fluid and electrolyte disorders(AOR: 2.71, P < 0.01), alcohol abuse(AOR: 2.63, P < 0.01), and weight loss(AOR: 2.43, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TP + IAT is a safe procedure with no mortality, acceptable morbidity, and achieved high rate of early insulin independence. Obesity is the most significant predictor of in-hospital morbidity. | Reza Fazlalizadeh Zhobin Moghadamyeghaneh Aram N Demirjian David K Imagawa Clarence E Foster Jonathan R Lakey Michael J Stamos Hirohito Ichii | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 9 |
| 16 | 火灾高温下硬化水泥浆的化学分解特征显示文摘因高性能混凝土的抗火性与高温下硬化水泥浆(HCP)的化学分解有密切关系,为获得对火灾高温所致HCP化学分解特征的定量理解,对HCP试样进行了400~800℃的高温处理,采用XRD测定C-S—H化学分解动力学.结果表明,C—S—H分解始于560℃,但仅在600℃以上其分解才变得显著,且分解速度随温度升高而急剧增大.尽管C—S—H的分解可造成混凝土强度的显著下降,但这种分解主要发生在600℃以上温度范围内,故对更低温度下发生的高温爆裂基本没有影响.分别建立了在600、700和800℃温度下C—S—H分解反应动力学方程. | 朋改非 王金羽 CHAN Y N Sammy Anson Michael | 2009 | 南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版)2009，1，1： | 9 |
| 17 | Competition between human cells by entosis显示文摘人的癌由被知道为营养素和生长因素间接地竞争的肿瘤房间的复杂混合物组成。肿瘤房间是否能也直接竞争,例如由对手的消除,不被知道。这里,我们证明人的房间能直接由称为 entosis 的吞没的机制竞争。由 entosis,当时,房间被吞没,或吃活,并且随后经历房间死亡。我们发现吞没的身份(“ winner”) 并且吞没(“ loser”) 房间被 RhoA 和肌动球朊控制的机械 deformability 支配,有高 deformability 的肿瘤房间在此优先地吞没并且 outcompete 有在异构的人口的低 deformability 的附近的房间。我们进一步发现那激活的 Kras 并且 Rac 发信号由 downregulating 给予获胜者地位到房间可收缩的肌浆球蛋白,允许最后经历房间死亡的附近的房间的成为主观。最后,我们计算 cell-in-cell 形成的精力风景,表明那一机械在获胜者和输家房间之间微分被要求让 entosis 继续。这些数据在发生在人的肿瘤的哺乳动物的房间定义竞争的机制。 | Qiang Sun Tianzhi Luo Yixin Ren Oliver Florey Senji Shirasawa Takehiko Sasazuki Douglas N Robinson Michael Overholtzer | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，11： | 8 |
| 18 | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity,and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil显示文摘The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles(AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited.However, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass(quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers(quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity(quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms(quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001). The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag+ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag+ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment. | Anna-Lena Grün Susanne Straskraba Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，7： | 7 |
| 19 | Role of endoscopic vacuum therapy in the management of gastrointestinal transmural defects显示文摘A gastrointestinal(GI) transmural defect is defined as total rupture of the GI wall,and these defects can be divided into three categories: perforations,leaks,and fistulas. Surgical management of these defects is usually challenging and may be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently,several novel endoscopic techniques have been developed,and endoscopy has become a firstline approach for therapy of these conditions. The use of endoscopic vacuum therapy(EVT) is increasing with favorable results. This technique involves endoscopic placement of a sponge connected to a nasogastric tube into the defect cavity or lumen. This promotes healing via five mechanisms,including macrodeformation,microdeformation,changes in perfusion,exudate control,and bacterial clearance,which is similar to the mechanisms in which skin wounds are treated with commonly employed wound vacuums. EVT can be used in the upper GI tract,small bowel,biliopancreatic regions,and lower GI tract,with variable success rates and a satisfactory safety profile. In this article,we review and discuss the mechanism of action,materials,techniques,efficacy,and safety of EVT in the management of patients with GI transmural defects. | Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Bruna Furia Buzetti Hourneaux de Moura Michael A Manfredi Kelly E Hathorn Ahmad N Bazarbashi Igor Braga Ribeiro Eduardo Guimaraes Hourneaux de Moura Christopher C Thompson | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2019，11，5： | 6 |
| 20 | Orthotopic liver transplantation for giant liver haemangioma: A case report显示文摘In liver haemangiomas, the risk of complication rises with increasing size, and treatment can be obligatory. Here we present a case of a 46-year-old female who suffered from a giant haemangioma causing severe portal hypertension and vena cava compression, leading to therapy refractory ascites, hyponatremia and venostasis-associated thrombosis with pulmonary embolism. The patients did not experience tumour rupture or consumptive coagulopathy. Surgical resection was impossible because of steatosis of the non-affected liver. Orthotopic liver transplantation was identified as the only treatment option. The patient's renal function remained stable even though progressive morbidity and organ allocation were improbable according to the patient's lab model for end-stage liver disease(lab MELD) score. Therefore, non-standard exception status was approved by the European organ allocation network 'Eurotransplant'. The patient underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation 16 mo after admission to our centre. Our case report indicates the underrepresentation of morbidity associated with refractory ascites in the lab MELD-based transplant allocation system, and it indicates the necessity of promptly applying for non-standard exception status to enable transplantation in patients with a severe clinical condition but low lab MELD score. Our case highlights the fact that liver transplantation should be considered early in patients with non-resectable, symptomatic benign liver tumours. | Undine G Lange Julian N Bucher Markus B Schoenberg Christian Benzing Moritz Schmelzle Tanja Gradistanac Steffen Strocka Hans-Michael Hau Michael Bartels | 2015 | World Journal of Transplantation2015，5，4： | 6 |
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