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| 1 | Mechanisms of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer显示文摘The prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) remain poor despite the impressive improvement of treatments observed over the last 20 years that led to an increase in median overall survival from 6 mo, with the only best supportive care, to approximately 30 mo with the introduction of active chemotherapy drugs and targeted agents. The monoclonal antibodies(mo Abs) cetuximab and panitumumab, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the treatment of m CRC, given the relevant efficacy in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, response rate, and quality of life observed in several phase Ⅲ clinical trials among different lines of treatment. However, the anti-EGFR mo Abs were shown only to be effective in a subset of patients. For instance, KRAS and NRAS mutations have been identified as biomarkers of resistance to these drugs, improving the selection of patients who might derive a benefit from these treatments. Nevertheless, several other alterations might affect the response to these drugs, and unfortunately, even the responders eventually become resistant by developing secondary(or acquired) resistance in approximately 13-18 mo. Several studies highlighted that the landscape of responsible alterations of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs biochemically converge into MEK-ERK and PIK3CA-AKT pathways. In this review, we describe the currently known mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mo Abs together with the various strategies evaluated to prevent, overcame or revert them. | Vincenzo Sforza Erika Martinelli Fortunato Ciardiello Valentina Gambardella Stefania Napolitano Giulia Martini Carminia della Corte Claudia Cardone Marianna L Ferrara Alfonso Reginelli Giuseppina Liguori Giulio Belli Teresa Troiani | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 6 |
| 2 | Effects of hemorrhage and lactated Ringer's resuscitation on coagulation and fibrinogen metabolism in swine显示文摘 | Martini W Z Chinkes D L Sondeen J | 2006 | Shock2006，26，4： | 1 |
| 3 | The use of a modified TDSP for biodiesel production from soybean,linseed and waste cook-ing oil显示文摘 | Guzatto R Martini T L Samios D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on osteoblast like ceils 显示文摘 | Martini L Giavaresi G Fini M | 2003 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2003，413，： | 1 |
| 5 | Different STAT-3 andSTAT-5 phosphorylation discriminates among Ph-negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases and is independent of the V617F JAK-2 mutation显示文摘 | Teofili L Martini M Cenci T | 2007 | Blood2007，110，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Identification of mi- crobial and thermogenic gas components from Upper Devonian black shale cores,Illinois and Michigan basins显示文摘 | Martini A M Walter L M Mclntosh J C | 2008 | AAFG Bul- letin2008，92，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Sex steroid hormones and GABAA receptor complex modulation显示文摘 | Giusti L Belfiore S Martini C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Iron treat- ment downregulates DMT1 and 1REG1 mRNA expres- sion in Caco-2 cells 显示文摘 | MARTINI L A TCHACK L WOOD R J | 2002 | The Journal of Nutrition2002，132，： | 1 |
| 9 | Extensive microbial modificationof formation water geochemistry:Case study from a Midcontinentsedimentary basin,United States显示文摘 | McIntosh J C Walter L M Martini A M | 2004 | Geological Society of America Bulletin2004，116，56： | 1 |
| 10 | Division of petrole- um显示文摘 | Blacchi C L Martini F Ragaini V | 2000 | American Chemical Society2000，45，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Senile osteoporosis: is it an immune-mediated disease 显示文摘 | DE MARTINIS M DI BENEDETTO M C MENGOLI L P | 2006 | InfRes2006，55，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Microbial production and modification of gases in sedimentary basins : A geochemical case study from a Devonian shale gas play, Michigan basin 显示文摘 | Martini A M Waiter L M Ku T C W | 2003 | AAPG Bulletin2003，87，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Microbial pro-duction and modification of gases in sedimentary basins:A geochemical case study from a Devonian shale gas play,Michigan basin显示文摘 | Martini A M Walter L M Ku T C W | 2003 | AAPG Bulletin2003，87，8： | 1 |
| 14 | SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tuners,peripheral blood cells,and sperm fluids from healthy individuals显示文摘 | Martini F Laccheri L Laggarin L | 1996 | Cancer Res1996，56，20： | 1 |
| 15 | Systematic coronary stenting after failed thrombolysis in high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction:procedural results and long-term follow-up显示文摘 | Favero L Martini M | 2003 | Coron Artery Dis2003，14，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of regulatory T cells identified as CD4 (+)CD25 (high)CD39(+) in patients with aclive tuberculosis显示文摘 | Chiacchio T Casetti R Butera O Vanini V Carrara S Girardi E Di Mitri D Battistini L Martini F Borsellino G Goletti D | 2009 | Clin Exp Immunol2009，156，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on osteoblastlike cells显示文摘 | Martini L Giavaresi G Fini M | 2003 | Clin Orthop2003，413，： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparison of the Microflex LT and Vitek MS systems for routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Martiny D Busson L Wgbo I | 2012 | J Clin Microbiol2012，50，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Markers of myeloproliferative diseases in childhood polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia J显示文摘 | Teofili L Giona F Martini M | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 20 | Prevalence of nosocomial infections in 15Italian hospitals:first point prevalance study for the INF-NOS project显示文摘 | Nicastri E Petrosillo N Martini L | 2003 | Infection2003，31，2： | 1 |
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