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| 1 | 中国:推进高效、包容可持续的城镇化显示文摘中国城镇化有力支持了经济的高速增长和快速转型,成功避免了大规模的城市贫困、失业和贫民窟,但压力也开始显现。中国领导人高度关注这些挑战,倡导新型城镇化的道路模式,以适应新的发展目标。新型城镇化模式需要政府重新定位,实现更高质量的增长。本报告提出构建新型城镇化模式的六大优先领域:一是改革土地管理制度;二是改革户籍制度,实现基本公共服务均等化,促进具备技能的劳动者自由流动;三是将城市融资建立在更可持续的基础之上,同时建立有效约束地方政府的财政纪律;四是改革城市规划和设计;五是应对环境压力;六是改善地方政府治理。本报告提出的政策议程是全面的,需要确定优先序。最为迫切的问题是土地方面的议程;其次,政府需要关注各种形式的地方政府性债务;最后,在全面铺开以市场为基础的城乡土地转化之前,需要开展更多试点。其他改革也应尽快提出落实改革议程的全面规划并建立监测督促机制。 | 国务院发展研究中心和世界银行联合课题组 李伟 Sri Mulyani Indrawati 刘世锦 韩俊 Klaus Rohland Bert Hofman 侯永志 Mara Warwick Chorching Goh 何宇鹏 刘培林 卓贤 | 2014 | 管理世界2014，30，4： | 166 |
| 2 | Oral purgative and simethicone before small bowel capsule endoscopy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate small bowel cleansing quality,diagnostic yield and transit time,comparing three cleansing protocols prior to capsule endoscopy.METHODS:Sixty patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to one of the following cleansing protocols:patients in Group A underwent a 24 h liquid diet and overnight fasting;patients in Group B followed protocol A and subsequently were administered 2 L of polyethylene glycol(PEG) the evening before the procedure;patients in Group C followed protocol B and were additionally administered 100 mg of simethicone 30 min prior to capsule ingestion.Small bowel cleansing was independently assessed by two experienced endoscopists and classified as poor,fair,good or excellent according to the proportion of small bowel mucosa under perfect conditions for visualization.When there was no agreement between the two endoscopists,the images were reviewed and discussed until a consensus was reached.The preparation was considered acceptable if > 50% or adequate if > 75% of the mucosa was in perfect cleansing condition.The amount of bubbles was assessed independently and it was considered significant if it prevented a correct interpretation of the images.Positive endoscopic findings,gastric emptying time(GET) and small bowel transit time(SBTT) were recorded for each examination.RESULTS:There was a trend favoring Group B in achieving an acceptable(including fair,good or excellent) level of cleansing(Group A:65%;Group B:83.3%;Group C:68.4%) [P = not significant(NS)] and favoring Group C in attaining an excellent level of cleansing(Group A:10%;Group B:16.7%;Group C:21.1%)(P = NS).The number of patients with an adequate cleansing of the small bowel,corresponding to an excellent or good classification,was 5(25%) in Group A,5(27.8%) in Group B and 4(21.1%) in Group C(P = 0.892).Conversely,7 patients(35%) in Group A,3 patients(16.7%) in Group B and 6 patients(31.6%) in Group C were considered to have poor small bowel cleansing(P = 0.417),with significant fluid or debris such that the examination was unreliable.The proportion of patients with a significant amount of bubbles was 50% in Group A,27.8% in Group B and 15.8% in Group C(P = 0.065).This was significantly lower in Group C when compared to Group A(P = 0.026).The mean GET was 27.8 min for Group A,27.2 min for Group B and 40.7 min for Group C(P = 0.381).The mean SBTT was 256.4 min for Group A,256.1 min for Group B and 258.1 min for Group C(P = 0.998).Regarding to the rate of complete examinations,the capsule reached the cecum in 20 patients(100%) in Group A,16 patients(88.9%) in Group B and 17 patients(89.5%) in Group C(P = 0.312).A definite diagnosis based on relevant small bowel endoscopic lesions was established in 60% of the patients in Group A(12 patients),44.4% in Group B(8 patients) and 57.8% in Group C(11 patients)(P = 0.587).CONCLUSION:Preparation with 2 L of PEG before small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) may improve small bowel cleansing and the quality of visualization.Simethicone may further reduce intraluminal bubbles.No significant differences were found regarding GET,SBTT and the proportion of complete exploration or diagnostic yield among the three different cleansing protocols. | Bruno Joel Ferreira Rosa Mara Barbosa Joana Magalhes Ana Rebelo Maria Joo Moreira José Cotter | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，2： | 21 |
| 3 | Cytoprotective role of heme oxygenase-1 and heme degradation derived end products in liver injury显示文摘The activation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) appears to be an endogenous defensive mechanism used by cells to reduce inflammation and tissue damage in a number of injury models. HO-1, a stress-responsive enzyme that catabolizes heme into carbon monoxide(CO), biliverdin and iron, has previously been shown to protect grafts from ischemia/reperfusion and rejection.In addition, the products of the HO-catalyzed reaction, particularly CO and biliverdin/bilirubin, have been shown to exert protective effects in the liver against a number of stimuli, as in chronic hepatitis C and in transplanted liver grafts. Furthermore, the induction of HO-1 expression can protect the liver against damage caused by a number of chemical compounds. More specifically, the CO derived from HO-1-mediated heme catabolism has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation; furthermore, administration of low concentrations of exogenous CO has a protective effect against inflammation. Both murine and human HO-1 deficiencies have systemic manifestations associated with iron metabolism, such as hepatic overload(with signs of a chronic hepatitis) and iron deficiency anemia(with paradoxical increased levels of ferritin).Hypoxia induces HO-1 expression in multiple rodent,bovine and monkey cell lines, but interestingly, hypoxia represses expression of the human HO-1 gene in a variety of human cell types(endothelial cells, epithelial cells, T cells). These data suggest that HO-1 and CO are promising novel therapeutic molecules for patients with inflammatory diseases. In this review, we present what is currently known regarding the role of HO-1 in liver injuries and in particular, we focus on the implications of targeted induction of HO-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the liver against chemically induced injury. | Clarice Silvia Taemi Origassa Niels Olsen Saraiva Cmara | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，10： | 17 |
| 4 | Endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus using high power setting argon plasma coagulation: A prospective study显示文摘AIM: This prospective study evaluated the effectiveness of 90 W argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the ablation of Barrett's esophagus (BE) that is considered to be the main risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS: The results from 25 patients, observed at the First Department of General Surgery, University of Verona, Italy, from October 2000 to October 2003, who underwent APC for histologically proven BE were prospectively analyzed.RESULTS: The ablation treatment was completed in all the patients but one (96%). The mean number of APC sessions needed to complete ablation was 1.6 (total number: 40). The eradication was obtained in the majority of cases by one session only (60%), two sessions were required in 24% of the cases and three or more in 16%.About 43% of the sessions were complicated. Retrosternal pain (22.5%) and fever (17.5%) were the most frequent symptoms. Only one major complication occurred, it was an hemorrhage due to ulcer formation on the treated esophagus that required urgent endoscopic sclerosis and admission. The follow-up was accomplished in all the patients with a mean period of 26.3 mo and 20 patients (84%) with a follow-up period longer than 24 mo. Only one patient showed a relapse of metaplastic mucosa 12 mo after the completion of ablation. The patient was hence re-treated and now is free from recurrence 33 mo later.CONCLUSION: High power setting (90 W) APC showed to be safe and effective. The effects persist at a mean follow-up period of two years with a comparable cost in term of complications with respect to standard power settings. Further studies with greater number of patients are required to confirm these results and to assess if ablation reduces the incidence of malignant progression. | Corrado Pedrazzani Filippo Catalano Mara Festini Germana Zerman Anna Tomezzoli Andrea Ruzzenente Alfredo Guglielmi Giovanni de Manzoni | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，12： | 14 |
| 5 | Intestinal barrier: A gentlemen's agreement between microbiota and immunity显示文摘Our body is colonized by more than a hundred trillion commensals, represented by viruses, bacteria and fungi. This complex interaction has shown that the microbiome system contributes to the host's adaptation to its environment, providing genes and functionality that give flexibility of diet and modulate the immune system in order not to reject these symbionts. In the intestine,specifically, the microbiota helps developing organ structures, participates of the metabolism of nutrients and induces immunity. Certain components of the microbiota have been shown to trigger inflammatory responses, whereas others, anti-inflammatory responses.The diversity and the composition of the microbiota,thus, play a key role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and explain partially the link between intestinal microbiota changes and gut-related disorders in humans. Tight junction proteins are key molecules for determination of the paracellular permeability. In the context of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the intestinal barrier is compromised, and decreased expression and differential distribution of tight junction proteins is observed. It is still unclear what is the nature of the luminal or mucosal factors that affect the tight junctionproteins function, but the modulation of the immune cells found in the intestinal lamina propria is hypothesized as having a role in this modulation. In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of the interaction of the gut microbiota with the immune system in the development and maintenance of the intestinal barrier. | Andrea Moro Caricilli Angela Castoldi Niels Olsen Saraiva Cmara | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，1： | 11 |
| 6 | The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations显示文摘 | Mara Faccio Larry H.P Lang | 2002 | Journal of Financial Economics2002，，3： | 9 |
| 7 | Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery显示文摘According to the United States census bureau 20% of Americans will be older than 65 years in 2030 and half of them will need an operation- equating to about 36 million older surgical patients. Older adults are prone to complications during gastrointestinal cancer treatment and therefore may need to undergo special pretreatment assessments that incorporate frailty and sarcopenia assessments. A focused, structured literature review on Pub Med and Google Scholar was performed to identify primary research articles, review articles, as well as practice guidelines on frailty and sarcopenia among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. The initial search identified 450 articles; after eliminating duplicates, reports that did not include surgical patients, case series, as well as case reports, 42 publications on the impact of frailty and/or sarcopenia on outcome of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were included. Frailty is defined as a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability to physiologic stressors resulting from aging. Frailty is associated with a decline in physiologic reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Unlike cachexia, which is typically associated with weight loss due to chemotherapy or a general malignancy-related cachexia syndrome, sarcopenia relates to muscle mass rather than simply weight. As such, while weight reflects nutritional status, sarcopenia- the loss of muscle mass- is a more accurate and quantitative global marker of frailty. While chronologic age is an important element in assessing a patient's peri-operative risk, physiologic age is a more important determinant of outcomes. Geriatric assessment tools are important components of the preoperative work-up and can help identify patients who suffer from frailty. Such data are important, as frailty and sarcopenia have repeatedly been demonstrated among the strongest predictors of both short- and longterm outcome following complicated surgical procedures such as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and hepatopancreatico-biliary resections. | doris wagner mara mcadams demarco neda amini stefan buttner dorry segev faiz gani timothy m pawlik | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，1： | 8 |
| 8 | Multiple responses optimization in the development of a headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals显示文摘An efficient generic static headspace gas chromatography(HSGC) method was developed,optimized and validated for the routine determination of several residual solvents(RS) in drug substance,using a strategy with two sets of calibration.Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) was selected as the sample diluent and internal standards were used to minimize signal variations due to the preparative step.A gas chromatograph from Agilent Model 6890 equipped with flame ionization detector(FID) and a DB-624(30 m × 0.53 mm i.d.,3.00 μm film thickness) column was used.The inlet split ratio was 5:1.The influencing factors in the chromatographic separation of the analytes were determined through a fractional factorial experimental design.Significant variables:the initial temperature(IT),the final temperature(FT) of the oven and the carrier gas flow rate(F) were optimized using a central composite design.Response transformation and desirability function were applied to find out the optimal combination of the chromatographic variables to achieve an adequate resolution of the analytes and short analysis time.These conditions were 30 ℃ for IT,158 ℃ for FT and 1.90 mL/min for F.The method was proven to be accurate,linear in a wide range and very sensitive for the analyzed solvents through a comprehensive validation according to the ICH guidelines. | Carla M.Teglia Milagros Montemurro María M.De Zan María S.Cmara | 2015 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2015，5，5： | 8 |
| 9 | Low-cost disordered carbons for Li/S batteries: A high- performance carbon with dual porosity derived from cherry pits显示文摘一微 -- 并且从樱桃坑废物获得并且与 H 3 PO 4 酸为 Li/S 电池作为硫主人被学习了。碳有 1,662 m 2 灀楡的一个高特定的表面区域吗? | Celia Hernandez-Rentero Rafael Cordoba Noelia Moreno Alvaro Caballero Julian Morales Mara Olivares-Marin Vicente Gomez-Serrano | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Five Colletotrichum species are responsible for mango anthracnose in northeastern Brazil显示文摘Colletotrichum species are the most important and widespread form of decay affecting mango fruit worldwide.In this study,Colletotrichum species associated with fruit anthracnose isolated from mango in northeastern Brazil were subject to molecular and morphological analyses.The partial sequences of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of 143 Colletotrichum isolates was amplified,as an initial measure of genetic diversity.A subset of 47 isolates,selected to represent the range of genetic diversity and geographic origin,were further sequenced using the partial actin,β-tubulin,calmodulin,glutamine synthetase genes and rDNA-ITS region.The multilocus sequence analysis,together with a critical examination of the phenotypic characters,revealed four previously described species(Colletotrichum asianum,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum tropicale and Colletotrichum karstii)and one new species.The new species is introduced as Colletotrichum dianesei and formally described,illustrated and compared with similar taxa.Only C.asianum and C.karstii have previously been reported from mango,while the other species represent the first report associated with the mango fruits worldwide.All species are reported for the first time associated with the mango fruits in Brazil. | Nelson B.Lima Marcus Vinicius de A.Batista Marcos A.De Morais Jr Maria A.G.Barbosa Sami J.Michereff Kevin D.Hyde Marcos P.S.Câmara | 2013 | Fungal Diversity2013，，4： | 7 |
| 11 | Institutional experience of PTH evaluation on fine-needle washing after aspiration biopsy to locate hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue显示文摘Assaying parathyroid hormone(PTH) in the washing liquid after fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) seems to be a valid approach to locate parathyroid tissue.PTH-FNAB was evaluated in 47 patients with a clinical picture of primary hyper-parathyroidism(PHP) and ultrasonography(US) suggestive of parathyroid lesion.The patients were subdivided into two groups on the basis of the absence or presence of US thyroid alterations.The result of PTH-FNAB was compared with those of cytology,scintigraphy and,in 24 patients,surgical outcome.PTH-FNAB samples with a value higher than that recorded in the serum and higher than our institutional cut-off were deemed to be probable samples of parathyroid tissue.Cytology proved diagnostic for benign thyroid lesions,non-diagnostic for thyroid lesions,hyperplastic parathyroid tissue,undetermined or malignant thyroid lesions and other lesions in 45%,30%,17%,4%,and 4% of cases,respectively.In 47% of cases,PTH-FNAB indicated that the sample had been taken in parathyroid tissue.In patients without US alterations,the diagnostic accuracy of PTH-FNAB was greater than that of scintigraphy.After surgery,comparison between the results of PTH-FNAB and scintigraphy,in terms of positive predictive value(PPV),revealed the superiority of PTH-FNAB;PPV was 94% for FNAB and 71% for scintigraphy,while sensitivity was 83% and 69%,respectively.PTH-FNAB evaluation after FNAB appears to be more diagnostic than cytology and scintigraphy.Of all the procedures used,PTH-FNAB appears to be the method of choice when the target is US suggestive and reachable.PTH-FNAB appears to be a useful method of guiding surgical intervention. | Massimo GIUSTI Mara DOLCINO Lara VERA Carla GHIARA Francesca MASSARO Laura FAZZUOLI Diego FERONE Michele MUSSAP Francesco MINUTO | 2009 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2009，10，5： | 6 |
| 12 | Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts显示文摘 | MARA FACCIO RONALD W. MASULIS JOHN J. McCONNELL | 2006 | The Journal of Finance2006，，： | 6 |
| 13 | The prevalence rates of major chronic diseases in retired and in-service Chinese military officers(2000-2016): a meta-analysis显示文摘Background:Chronic diseases cause a tremendous burden to the military medical system.However,the prevalence rates of major chronic diseases among military officers remain unclear in China.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP),Pub Med and Web of Science were searched for studies(from 2000 to 2016)concerning 6 major chronic diseases:hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)in Chinese military officers following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Three researchers independently extracted data from the included studies,and a fourth researcher reviewed and solved every disagreement.Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 14.0 and R 3.3.2.Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I^2 value.A random effect model was performed to combine the heterogeneous data.The Egger test was performed to test the publication bias.Results:A total of 90,758 military officers derived from 75 articles were pooled together.Publication bias was only observed in 37 studies reporting heart disease(P_(Egger test)=0.01).The overall prevalence rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and COPD were 46.6%(95%CI 41.8%–51.5%),30.9%(26.4%–35.7%),20.7%(16.5%–25.7%),48.2%(41.7%–54.9%),20.2%(14.8%–26.9%)and 16.6%(12.9%–21.0%),respectively.The prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and COPD,rather than hyperlipidemia,increased with age in Chinese military officers.Heart diseases(P_(Q-test)<0.001)and hypertension(P_(Q-test)<0.001)increased sharply in retired officers compared with officers in service.Cerebrovascular disease was more frequent in Northern Theater Command than in any other theater command(P_(Q-test)<0.001).Conclusion:Major chronic diseases heavily affect Chinese military officers,especially retirees.Medical intervention should be enforced on the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in those working in cold areas in the north,as well as hypertension and heart diseases in retirees. | Thermite Mara Long-Teng Ma Shuo Wang Ling Wang Fan Yang Jia-Hui Song Yi-Chun Cao Jian-Hua Yin Guang-Wen Cao | 2018 | Military Medical Research2018，5，3： | 6 |
| 14 | Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders显示文摘The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally,we provide an overview of t DCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding t DCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding t DCS efficacy in psychiatry. | Gabriel Tortella Roberta Casati Luana V M Aparicio Antonio Mantovani Natasha Senco Giordano D’Urso Jerome Brunelin Fabiana Guarienti Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi Débora Muszkat Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Junior Leandro Valiengo Adriano H Moffa Marcel Simis Lucas Borrione André R Brunoni | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Could autophagy dysregulation link neurotropic viruses to Alzheimer’s disease?显示文摘Neurotropic herpesviruses have been associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease,a common form of dementia that afflicts a large percentage of elderly individuals.Interestingly,among the neurotropic herpesviruses,herpes simplex virus-1,human herpesvirus-6A,and human herpesvirus-6B have been reported to infect several cell types present in the central nervous system and to dysregulate autophagy,a process required for homeostasis of cells,especially neurons.Indeed autophagosome accumulation,indicating an unbalance between autophagosome formation and autophagosome degradation,has been observed in neurons of Alzheimer’s disease patients and may play a role in the intracellular and extracellular accumulation of amyloidβand in the altered protein tau metabolism.Moreover,herpesvirus infection of central nervous system cells such as glia and microglia can increase the production of oxidant species through the alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and promote inflammation,another hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.This evidence suggests that it is worth further investigating the role of neurotropic herpesviruses,particularly human herpesvirus-6A/B,in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. | Maria Anele Romeo Alberto Faggioni Mara Cirone | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，9： | 6 |
| 16 | Functional topography of the corpus callosum investigated by DTI and f MRI显示文摘This short review examines the most recent functional studies of the topographic organization of the human corpus callosum, the main interhemispheric commissure. After a brief description of its anatomy, development, microstructure, and function, it examines and discusses the latest findings obtained using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and tractography(DTT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI), three recently developed imaging techniques that have significantly expanded and refined our knowledge of the commissure. While DTI and DTT have been providing insights into its microstructure, integrity and level of myelination, f MRI has been the key technique in documenting the activation of white matter fibers, particularly in the corpus callosum. By combining DTT and f MRI it has been possible to describe the trajectory of the callosal fibers interconnecting the primary olfactory, gustatory, motor, somatic sensory, auditory and visual cortices at sites where the activation elicited by peripheral stimulation was detected by fMRI. These studies have demonstrated the presence of callosal fiber tracts that cross the commissure at the level of the genu, body, and splenium, at sites showing f MRI activation. Altogether such findings lend further support to the notion that the corpus callosum displays a functional topographic organization that can be explored with f MRI. | Mara Fabri Chiara Pierpaoli Paolo Barbaresi Gabriele Polonara | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，12： | 6 |
| 17 | The quality of accounting information in politically connected firms显示文摘 | Paul K. Chaney Mara Faccio David Parsley | 2010 | Journal of Accounting and Economics2010，，1： | 5 |
| 18 | Ketamine anesthesia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on the motility alterations and tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Ischemia was induced by ob-structing blood flow in 25% of the total small intesti-nal length (ileum) with a vascular clamp for 45 min, after which either 60 min or 24 h of reperfusion was allowed. Rats were either anesthetized with pento-barbital sodium (50 mg/kg) or ketamine (100 mg/kg). Control groups received sham surgery. After 60 min of reperfusion, the intestine was examined for mor-phological alterations, and after 24 h intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency was calculated, and intestinal transit determined in all groups. RESULTS: The intestinal mucosa in rats that were anesthetized with ketamine showed moderate altera-tions such as epithelial lifting, while ulceration and hemorrhage was observed in rats that received pento-barbital sodium after 60 min of reperfusion. Quantita-tive analysis of structural damage using the Chiu scaleshowed significantly less injury in rats that received ketamine than in rats that did not (2.35 ± 1.14 vs 4.58 ± 0.50, P < 0.0001). The distance traveled by a mark-er, expressed as percentage of total intestinal length, in rats that received pentobarbital sodium was 20% ± 2% in comparison with 25.9% ± 1.64% in rats that re-ceived ketamine (P = 0.017). BER was not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that ketamine anesthesia is associated with diminished intestinal injury and abolishes the intestinal transit delay induced by ischemia/reperfusion. | Carlos Rodrigo Cámara Francisco Javier Guzmán Ernesto Alexis Barrera Andrés Jesús Cabello Armando Garcia Nancy Esthela Fernández Eloy Caballero Jesus Ancer | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，33： | 5 |
| 19 | Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy:Isn't stress evaluation alwaysrequired for the diagnosis?显示文摘AIM:To describe the proportion of patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy(CCM) evaluated by stress echocardiography and investigating its association with the severity of liver disease.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Cirrhotic patients without risk factors for cardiovascular disease were included.Data regarding etiology and severity of liver disease(Child-Pugh score and model for end-stage liver disease),presence of ascites and gastroesophageal varices,pro-brain natriuretic peptide(proBNP) and corrected QT(QTc) interval were collected.Dobutamine stress echocardiography(conventional and tissue Doppler imaging) was performed.CCM was considered present when diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction was diagnosed at rest or after pharmacological stress.Therapy interfering with cardiovascular system was suspended 24 h before the examination.RESULTS:Twenty-six patients were analyzed,17(65.4%) Child-Pugh A,mean model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score of 8.7.The global proportion of patients with CCM was 61.5%.At rest,only 2(7.7%)patients had diastolic dysfunction and none of the patients had systolic dysfunction.Dobutamine stress echocardiography revealed the presence of diastolic dysfunction in more 6(23.1%) patients and of systolic dysfunction in 10(38.5%) patients.QTc interval prolongation was observed in 68.8%of the patients and increased pro-BNP levels in 31.2%of them.There was no association between the presence of CCM and liver impairment assessed by Child-Pugh score or MELD(P= 0.775,P= 0.532,respectively).Patients with QTc interval prolongation had a significant higher rate of gastroesophageal varices comparing with those without QTc interval prolongation(95.0%vs 50.0%,P= 0.028).CONCLUSION:CCM is a frequent complication of cirrhosis that is independent of liver impairment.Stress evaluation should always be performed,otherwise it will remain an underdiagnosed condition. | mara barbosa joana guardado carla marinho bruno rosa isabel quelhas antónio lourenco josécotter | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 20 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
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