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| 1 | The genetics of nicotine dependence:Relationship to Pancreatic cancer显示文摘SmoKing or tobacco products continues to De a major cause of worldwide health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that tobacco smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. Smokers who are able to quit smoking can reduce their risk of pancreatic cancer by nearly 50% within two years, however, their risk of developing pancreatic cancer remains higher than that of non-smokers for 10 years. Nicotine is the major psychoactive substance in tobacco, and is responsible for tobacco dependence and addiction. Recent evidence suggests that individuals have genetically based differences in their ability to metabolize nicotine, as well as genetic differences in the psychological reward pathways that may influence individual response to smoking initiation, dependence, addiction and cessation. Numerous associations have been reported between smoking behavior and genetic polymorphisms in genes that are responsible for nicotine metabolism. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode neurotransmitters and transporters that function in psychological reward pathways have been implicated in differences in smoking behavior. However, there is a large degree of between-study variability that demonstrates the need for larger, well-controlled case-control studies to identify target genes and deduce mechanisms that account for the genetic basis of inter-individual differences in smoking behavior. Understanding the genetic factors that increase susceptibility to tobacco addiction may result in more effective tobacco cessation programs which will, in turn, reduce the incidence of tobacco related disease, including pancreatic cancer. | Stewart L MacLeod Parimal Chowdhury | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，46： | 5 |
| 2 | FK506对实验性卒中疗效的系统评价和Meta分析显示文摘FK506是治疗急性卒中的一种候选用药。决定一种药物是否可以用于临床试验,应当以全面的、无偏倚的动物实验数据的评估为依据,同时还应考虑到这些数据的局限性。这种评估不但应包括药物疗效,而且也应包括药效在体内的特征和局限性。本研究应用系统评价和Meta分析的方法对FK506在卒中动物模型中保护作用的证据进行评价。总共纳入了29个描述了实验步骤的研究,包括1759只动物。结果显示,FK506疗效的点估计值(结局指标的改善)是31.3%[95%CI(0.272-0.354)]。在采用氯胺酮麻醉和短暂性脑缺血的动物实验中,FK506的疗效更高,在使用大鼠,合并其他疾病的动物及仅以梗死面积为疗效指标的实验中,FK506疗效较低。已发表的实验研究质量均接近临床试验标准,但在高质量的研究中,FK506的疗效较低。FK506在实验性脑卒中的研究中,虽然显示出有明显的疗效,但是应注意由于研究质量和可能的发表偏倚等冈素的影响,FK506的疗效可能被过高估计。 | Malcolm R Macleod Tori O’Collins Laura L Horky David W Howells Geoffrey A Donnan 段建钢 | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，6： | 3 |
| 3 | The methodology of the Utah Birth Defect Network: congenital heart defects as an illustration 显示文摘 | Feldkamp M Macleod L Young L | 2005 | Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol2005，73，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Adult living liver donors have excellent long-term medical outcomes:the university of toronto liver transplant experience显示文摘 | Adcock L Macleod C Dubay D | 2010 | Am J Transplant2010，10，2： | 1 |
| 5 | A recent history of metal accumulation in the sediments of the Thames Estuary,United Kingdom显示文摘 | Wiese S B O Macleod C L Lester J N | 1997 | Estuaries1997，20，3： | 1 |
| 6 | A recent history of metal accu- mulation in the sediments of the Thames Estuary,United Kingdom 显示文摘 | Wiese S B O Macleod C L Lester J N | 1997 | Estuaries1997，20，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Com- parative assessment of the global fate and transport path- ways of long - chain perfluorocarboxylic acids ( PFCAs ) and perfluorocarboxylates ( PFCs ) emitted from direct sources 显示文摘 | ARMITAGE J M MACLEOD M COUSINS L T | 2009 | Environmental Science and Technology2009，43，： | 1 |
| 8 | Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental induction of at tentional bias显示文摘 | MACLEOD C RUTHERFORD E M CAMPBELL L | 2002 | J Abnorm Psychol2002，111，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Baculovirus expression and antigenic characterization of classical swine fever virus E2 pro- teins 显示文摘 | Luo L Nishi K Macleod E | 2013 | Transb Emerg Dis2013，60，2： | 1 |
| 10 | A recent history of metal accumulation in the sdiments of the Thames Estuary, United Kingdom显示文摘 | Wiese S B O Macleod C L Lester J N | 1997 | Estuaries1997，20，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Exploring the crystalline microstructure of thin films using a series of lanthanide tfifluorides as a probe 显示文摘 | LINGG L MACLEOD H | 2001 | Conference of Optical Inte(ference Coatings2001，2，： | 1 |
| 12 | Mercury in precipitation and its relation to bioaccumulation in fish: a literature review显示文摘 | Downs S G Macleod C L LesterJ N | 1998 | Water Air and Soil Pollution1998，108，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Randomized controlled trial to improve depression and the quality of life of people with dementia using cognitive bias modification:rapid study protocol显示文摘 | Almeida O P Macleod C Flicker L | 2014 | BMJ Open2014，4，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of N, P, and K and their interactions on the yield and kernel weight of barley in hydroponic culture 显示文摘 | MacLeod L B | 1969 | Agronomy Journal1969，61，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Reduced NMDA- induced apoptosis in neurons lacking ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein显示文摘 | Macleod MR Ramage L McGregor A | 2003 | Neuroreport2003，14，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Digestia kinetics in sheep and cattle fed diets with different forage to concentrate ratios at high and low intakes显示文摘 | COLUCCI P E MACLEOD G K GROVUM W L | 1990 | Journal of Dairy Science1990，73，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Stimulation of ethylene and CO2 production of mature green tomatoes by impact bruising 显示文摘 | Macleod R F Rader A A Morrt L L | 1976 | HortScience1976，11，6： | 1 |
| 18 | The importance of protein Z to the quality of barley and malt for brewing显示文摘 | Evans D E Macleod L C Lance R C M | 1995 | Proc Congr Eur Brew Cony1995，25，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the yield, regrowth, and Carbohydrate content of the storage organs of alfalfa and grass显示文摘 | Macleod L t | 1965 | Agronomy Journal1965，57，： | 1 |
| 20 | Performance of the novel paediatric yorkhill malnutrition score In hospital practice显示文摘 | Gerasimidis K Macleod l Maclean A | 2011 | Clin Nutr2011，30，4： | 1 |
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