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| 1 | Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review with comparative analysis显示文摘The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the world.The widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of NAFLD.In parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next years.This epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of NAFLD.Different scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about NAFLD.These guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical points.We reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main differences.We distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years. | Simona Leoni Francesco Tovoli Lucia Napoli Ilaria Serio Silvia Ferri Luigi Bolondi | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，30： | 42 |
| 2 | 帕博利珠单抗治疗伴脑转移NSCLC患者的一项非随机、开放Ⅱ期试验的长期随访结果和生物标志物分析显示文摘背景与目的我们开展了一项帕博利珠单抗用于伴未治疗脑转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)或黑色素瘤患者的疗效和安全性的II期试验,旨在评估程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)抑制剂在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的疗效。中期结果已发表,现报道对NSCLC队列的更新分析结果。方法这是一项开放性、单中心、II期试验。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,诊断为晚期NSCLC并伴有≥1个5 mm-20 mm脑转移病灶,既往从未治疗或之前放疗后进展,无神经系统症状,不需要激素治疗且美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)<2分。患者每2周接受一次帕博利珠单抗(10 mg/kg)治疗。队列1为程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)≥1%的患者,队列2为PD-L1<1%或未评估的患者。主要终点是脑转移患者缓解比例。所有经治患者均纳入疗效与安全性终点的分析。该研究已结束入组,并于Clinicaltrials.gov登记注册,注册号为NCT02085070。结果2014年3月31日-2018年5月21日,共42例患者接受治疗。中位随访时间为8.3个月(IQR:4.5个月-26.2个月)。队列1的37例患者中11例有脑转移缓解[29.7%(95%CI:15.9%-47.0%)]。队列2未观察到缓解。治疗相关的3级-4级不良事件(adverse events,AEs)包括2例肺炎、1例全身症状、1例结肠炎、1例肾上腺皮质功能不全、1例高血糖症和1例低钾血症。6例(14%)患者发生了治疗相关的严重不良事件,包括肺炎、急性肾损伤、低钾血症和肾上腺皮质功能不全。没有观察到治疗相关死亡病例。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗PD-L1≥1%的NSCLC伴脑转移患者有效,且对所有纳入的未经治疗的脑转移患者安全。需要进一步探索免疫治疗用于NSCLC合并CNS转移。 | Sarah B GOLDBERG Kurt A SCHALPER Scott N GETTINGER Amit MAHAJAN Roy S HERBST Anne C CHANG Rogerio LILENBAUM Frederick H WILSON Sacit Bulent OMAY James B YU Lucia JILAVEANU Thuy TRAN Kira PAVLIK Elin ROWEN Heather GERRSH Annette KOMLO Richa GUPTA Hailey WYATT Matthew RIBEIRO Yuval KLUGER Geyu ZHOU Wei WEI Veronica L CHANG Harriet M KLUGER 董晓荣(翻译/校对) | 2021 | 中国肺癌杂志2021，24，9： | 34 |
| 3 | Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancer worldwide and results from the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in colonic mucosa cells ultimately leading to cell proliferation and metastasis.Unfortunately,CRC prognosis is still poor and the search of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is highly desired to prevent CRC-related deaths.The present article aims to summarize the most recent findings concerning the use of either genetic or epigenetic(mainly related to DNA methylation)biomarkers for CRC diagnosis,prognosis,and response to treatment.Recent large-scale DNA methylation studies suggest that CRC can be divided into several subtypes according to the frequency of DNA methylation and those of mutations in key CRC genes,and that this is reflected by different prognostic outcomes.Increasing evidence suggests that the analysis of DNA methylation in blood or fecal specimens could represent a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for CRC.Moreover,a broad spectrum of studies indicates that the inter-individual response to chemotherapeutic treatments depends on both epigenetic modifications and genetic mutations occurring in colorectal cancer cells,thereby opening the way for a personalized medicine.Overall,combining genetic and epigenetic data might represent the most promising tool for a proper diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic approach. | Fabio Coppedè Angela Lopomo Roberto Spisni Lucia Migliore | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，4： | 29 |
| 4 | TCP14 and TCP15 Mediate the Promotion of Seed Germination by Gibberellins in Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘Dear Editor, Seed germination is a major developmental transition in a plant's life that involves the concerted action of several genetic and physiological pathways (Holdsworth et al.,2008),and mostly consists of the resumption of embryo growth after a long quiescence imposed during seed maturation.In mature seeds,germination is repressed by abscisic acid (ABA),while favorable environmental conditions promote gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and decrease ABA (Holdsworth et al.,2008).The increase in GA levels is essential for the rupture of testa and endosperm (Lee et al.,2002).The activation of cell division in the embryo is an integral part of germination that precedes the protrusion of the root through the seed coat.In Arabidopsis,this activation has been linked to significant early changes in the expression of cell-cycle elements (Masubelele et al.,2005). | Francesca Resentini Amelia Felipo-Benavent Lucia Colombo Miguel A. Blázquez David Alabadí Simona Masiero | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，3： | 25 |
| 5 | Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) encompasses a range of liver histology severity and outcomes in the absence of chronic alcohol use.The mildest form is simple steatosis in which triglycerides accumulate within hepatocytes.A more advanced form of NAFLD,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,includes inflammation and liver cell injury,progressive to cryptogenic cirrhosis.NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents.The recent rise in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity likely explains the NAFLD epidemic worldwide.NAFLD is strongly associated with abdominal obesity,type 2 diabetes,and dyslipidemia,and most patients have evidence of insulin resistance.Thus,NAFLD shares many features of the metabolic syndrome(MetS),a highly atherogenic condition,and this has stimulated interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of atherosclerosis.Accumulating evidence suggests thatNAFLD is associated with a significantly greater overall mortality than in the general population,as well as with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease(CVD),independently of classical atherosclerotic risk factors.Yet,several studies including the pediatric population have reported independent associations between NAFLD and impaired flow-mediated vasodilatation and increased carotid artery intimal medial thickness-two reliable markers of subclinical atherosclerosis-after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and MetS.Therefore,the rising prevalence of obesity-related MetS and NAFLD in childhood may lead to a parallel increase in adverse cardiovascular outcomes.In children,the cardiovascular system remains plastic and damage-reversible if early and appropriate interventions are established effectively.Therapeutic goals for NAFLD should address nutrition,physical activity,and avoidance of smoking to prevent not only end-stage liver disease but also CVD. | Lucia Pacifico Valerio Nobili Caterina Anania Paola Verdecchia Claudio Chiesa | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，26： | 24 |
| 6 | Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Beyond the known frontiers显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumors worldwide:Portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT)occurs in about 35%-50%of patients and represents a strong negative prognostic factor,due to the increased risk of tumor spread into the bloodstream,leading to a high recurrence risk.For this reason,it is a contraindication to liver transplantation and in several prognostic scores sorafenib represents its standard of care,due to its antiangiogenetic action,although it can grant only a poor prolongation of life expectancy.Recent scientific evidences lead to consider PVTT as a complex anatomical and clinical condition,including a wide range of patients with different prognosis and new treatment possibilities according to the degree of portal system involvement,tumor biological aggressiveness,complications caused by portal hypertension,patient’s clinical features and tolerance to antineoplastic treatments.The median survival has been reported to range between 2.7 and 4 mo in absence of therapy,but it can vary from 5 mo to 5 years,thus depicting an extremely variable scenario.For this reason,it is extremely important to focus on the most adequate strategy to be applied to each group of PVTT patients. | Lucia Cerrito Brigida Eleonora Annicchiarico Roberto Iezzi Antonio Gasbarrini Maurizio Pompili Francesca Romana Ponziani | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 21 |
| 7 | Histopathology and TB-PCR kit analysis in differentiating the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease显示文摘AIM: To compare the histopathologic features of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify whether polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-PCR) would be helpful for differential diagnosis between ITB and CD.METHODS: We selected 97 patients with established diagnoses (55 cases of ITB and 42 cases of CD) who underwent colonoscopic biopsies.Microscopic features of ITB and CD were reviewed,and eight pathologic parameters were evaluated.Nine cases of acid fast bacilli culture-positive specimens and 10 normal colonic tissue specimens were evaluated as the positive and negative control of the TB-PCR test,respectively.PCR assays were done using two commercial kits: kit detected IS6110 and MPB64,and kit detected IS6110 only;a manual in-house PCR method was also performed on formalin-fi xed,paraffi n-embedded colonoscopic biopsy specimens.RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were noted between ITB and CD with regard histopathologic criteria: size of granulomas (P = 0.000),giant cells (P = 0.015),caseation necrosis (P = 0.003),confluent granulomas (P = 0.001),discrete granulomas (P = 0.000),and granulomas with lymphoid cuffs (P = 0.037).However,29 cases (52.7%) of ITB showed less than fi ve kinds of pathologic parameters,resulting in confusion with CD.The sensitivities and specificities of the TB-PCR test by kit ,kit ,and the in-house PCR method were 88.9% and 100%,88.9% and 100%,and 66.7% and 100% in positive and negative controls,respectively.The PCR test done on endoscopic biopsy specimens of ITB and CD were signifi cantly different with kit (P = 0.000) and kit (P = 0.000).The sensitivities and specifi cities of TB-PCR were 45.5% and 88.1%,36.4% and 100%,and 5.8% and 100%,for kit and kit and inhouse PCR method on endoscopic biopsy specimens.Among the 29 cases of histopathologically confusing CD,10 cases assayed using kit and 6 cases assayed using kit were TB-PCR positive.A combination of histologic fi ndings and TB-PCR testing led to an increase of diagnostic sensitivity and the increase (from 47.3% to 58.2) was statistically signifi cant with kit (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: The TB-PCR test combined with histopathologic factors appears to be a helpful technique in formulating the differential diagnosis of ITB and CD in endoscopic biopsy samples. | Joon Mee Kim Hyung Kil Kim Lucia Kim Suk Jin Choi In Suh Park Jee Young Han Young Chae Chu Kye Sook Kwon Eun Joo Kim | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，20： | 20 |
| 8 | Circulating adhesion molecules in patients with virus-related chronic diseases of the liver显示文摘AIM: In the inflammatory state, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) play a key role in promoting migration of immunological cells from the circulation to target site.Aim of our study was to investigate soluble forms of these molecules in patients with virus-related chronic liver diseases, to assess their behavior in different pathologies and correlation with severity of liver damage.METHODS: Circulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were assayed by EIA commercial kits (R&D System Co.,Abington, UK) in 23 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CH), 50 subjects affected by liver cirrhosis (LC) and 15 healthy controls comparable for sex and age. In patients, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also detected by autoanalyzer.RESULTS: LC patients had significantly higher ICAM-1 values than CH patients (38.56±7.4 ng/mL vs 20.89±6.42 ng/mL; P<0.001) and these ones had significantly higher values than controls (12.92±1.08 ng/mL; P<0.001). In CH group, ICAM-1 levels were significantly related to inflammatory activity (P= 0.041) and ALT values (r= 0.77;P<0.05). VCAM-1 values were significantly increased only in LC patients (P<0.001) and related to severity of liver impairment.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the determination of serum ICAM-1 can be considered as an additional useful marker of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis, while serum VCAM-1 is an indicator of liver fibrogenesis and severity of disease in cirrhosis. | Cosimo Marcello Bruno Claudio Sciacca Danila Cilio Gaetano Bertino Anna Elisa Marchese Gaetana Politi Lucia Chinnici | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，29： | 19 |
| 9 | Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease, and is characterized by a wide spectrum of fat-liver disorders that can result in severe liver disease and cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, lifestyle interventions based on exercise and a balanced diet for quality and quantity, are considered the cornerstone of NAFLD management. Mediterranean diet(MD), rich in polyunsaturated fats, polyphenols, vitamins and carotenoids, with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been suggested to be effective in preventing cardiovascular risk factors. In adults, MD has also been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies are available on the effects of the MD in both adult and pediatric subjects with NAFLD. Thus, the aims of the present narrative review are to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of MD in patients with NAFLD, and to summarize the main mechanisms of action of MD components on this condition. | Caterina Anania Francesco Massimo Perla Francesca Olivero Lucia Pacifico Claudio Chiesa | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，19： | 19 |
| 10 | Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric disorders in children: A critical update显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a highly prevalent, serious and chronic infection that has been associated causally with a diverse spectrum of extragastric disorders including iron deficiency anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, growth retardation, and diabetes mellitus. The inverse relation of H. pylori prevalence and the increase in allergies, as reported from epidemiological studies, has stimulated research for elucidating potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Although H. pylori is most frequently acquired during childhood in both developed and developing countries, clinicians are less familiar with the pediatric literature in the field. A better understanding of the H. pylori disease spectrum in childhood should lead to clearer recommendations about testing for and treating H. pylori infection in children who are more likely to develop clinical sequelae. A further clinical challenge is whether the progressive decrease of H. pylori in thelast decades, abetted by modern clinical practices, may have other health consequences. | Lucia Pacifico John F Osborn Valeria Tromba Sara Romaggioli Stefano Bascetta Claudio Chiesa | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，6： | 18 |
| 11 | Bone marrow derived stem cells for the treatment of end-stage liver disease显示文摘End-stage disease due to liver cirrhosis is an important cause of death worldwide. Cirrhosis results from progressive, extensive fibrosis and impaired hepatocyte regeneration. The only curative treatment is liver transplantation, but due to the several limitations of this procedure, the interest in alternative therapeutic strategies is increasing. In particular, the potential of bone marrow stem cell(BMSC) therapy in cirrhosis has been explored in different trials. In this article, we evaluate the results of 18 prospective clinical trials, and we provide a descriptive overview of recent advances in the research on hepatic regenerative medicine. The main message from the currently available data in the literature is that BMSC therapy is extremely promising in the context of liver cirrhosis. However, its application should be further explored in randomized, controlled trials with large cohorts and long follow-ups. | Cristina Margini Ranka Vukotic Lucia Brodosi Mauro Bernardi Pietro Andreone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 18 |
| 12 | Comparison of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proton density fat fraction and histological analysis in the quantification of liver steatosis in children and adolescents显示文摘AIM To establish a threshold value for liver fat content between healthy children and those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) by using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), with liver biopsy serving as a reference standard. METHODS The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians before the study began. Twenty-seven children with NAFLD underwent liver biopsy to assess the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The assessment of liver fat fraction was performed using MRI, with a high field magnet and 2D gradient-echo and multiple-echo T1-weighted sequence with low flip angle and single-voxel pointresolved 1H MR-Spectroscopy(1H-MRS), corrected for T1 and T2* decays. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff value. Lin coefficient test was used to evaluate thecorrelation between histology, MRS and MRI-PDFF. A Mann-Whitney U-test and multivariate analysis were performed to analyze the continuous variables. RESULTS According to MRS, the threshold value between healthy children and those with NAFLD is 6%; using MRI-PDFF, a cut-off value of 3.5% is suggested. The Lin analysis revealed a good fit between the histology and MRS as well as MRI-PDFF.CONCLUSION MRS is an accurate and precise method for detecting NAFLD in children. | Michele Di Martino Lucia Pacifico Mario Bezzi Rossella Di Miscio Beatrice Sacconi Claudio Chiesa Carlo Catalano | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，39： | 16 |
| 13 | Phase Transformation under Continuous Cooling Conditions in Medium Carbon Microalloyed Steels显示文摘Several 35CrMo4 and 38MnV7 steels with different additions of Ti and V were manufactured by electroslag remelting.The influence of the alloying and microalloying elements on phase transformation at different cooling rates was studied and the continuous cooling transformation diagrams were plotted.In order to optimize the heat treatment and improve the mechanical properties,the range of cooling rates leading to a fully bainitic microstructure(without ferrite,pearlite and especially without martensite)was determined.Bainite and martensite transformation start temperatures(B_s,M_s)were also established and compared with the values predicted by empirical equations.The important role of precipitates(especially V carbonitride particles)on final microstructure and mechanical properties was assessed. | Manuel Gomez Lucia Rancel Esther Escudero Sebastian F.Medina | 2014 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2014，30，5： | 16 |
| 14 | Estrogens in males: what have we learned in the last 10 years?显示文摘This review focuses on the role of estrogen in men, mainly in male reproduction. The continuing increase in data obtained, and recent discoveries in this area will enable a better understanding of male physiology; these, in turn, will have important clinical implications. | Vincenzo Rochira Antonio R. M. Granata Bruno Madeo Lucia Zirilli Giuseppina Rossi Cesare Carani | 2005 | Asian Journal of Andrology2005，7，1： | 15 |
| 15 | Prognostic angiogenic markers(endoglin, VEGF, CD31) and tumor cell proliferation(Ki67) for gastrointestinal stromal tumors显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the correlation between the immunoexpression of angiogenic markers [CD31, CD105 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)], proliferative index(Ki67), and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 54 GIST cases. Medical records were searched to obtain the GIST patients' demographic and clinical data, and paraffin-embedded blocks of tumor samples were retrieved from the hospital archives to conduct a new immunohistochemical evaluation. The tumor samples of GIST patients were subject to immunohistochemical evaluation for endoglin(CD105), CD31, VEGF, and Ki67 expression. The CD105 and CD31 intratumoral microvascular density(IMVD) was measured using automated analysis. We determined the correlation between the immunoexpression of CD105, CD31, VEGF,Ki67 and prognosis. In addition, we conducted a cutoff analysis using the receiver-operating characteristic curve. VEGF positivity was classified as either null/weak or strong. Ki67 was evaluated using a cutoff of 5%positive cells. The prognosis was classified as good(patient alive without recurrence) or poor(patient with recurrence/death).RESULTS: The distribution of tumor sites among the54 analyzed samples was as follows: 27(50%) in the stomach, 20(37.1%) in the small intestine, 6(11.1%)in the colon, and 1(1.8%) in the esophagus. The size of the tumors ranged from 2 to 33 cm(median: 8cm); in 12 cases(22.2%), the tumor was below 5 cm at the largest diameter, but in 42 cases(77.7%), the tumor was larger than 5 cm. The means of CD105 and CD31 were significantly higher in the group with poor prognosis(P < 0.001). The cut-off values of CD105(>1.2%) and CD31(> 2.5%) in the receiver-operating characteristic curve were related to a poorer prognosis.Cases with a better prognosis showed significantly null/weak staining for VEGF(P < 0.001). Ki-67 expression of≥ 5% was strongly correlated with a worse prognosis(P< 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, CD105 was the variable that most strongly correlated with prognosis.CONCLUSION: The IMVD cutoff values for the angiogenic markers CD105 and CD31, may be prognostic factors for GIST, in addition to VEGF and Ki67. | Rodrigo Panno Basilio-de-Oliveira Vera Lucia Nunes Pannain | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，22： | 15 |
| 16 | Fatty liver,carotid disease and gallstones:A study of age-related associations显示文摘AIM: To evaluate carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) and plaques, gallstone disease (GD) and fatty liver (FL) as a function of age. METHODS: In 449 subjects, FL and carotid disease were assessed ultrasonographically. In a subgroup of 65/449 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), carotid disease, GD and associated factors were determined. RESULTS: FL of unspecified etiology was more common in younger and GD in older individuals. FL subjects had an increased prevalence of IMT and a decreased prevalence of plaques and manifested carotid disease earlier. Plaques were more common in subjects with GD. Age was an independent predictor of carotid disease outcome and FL was a protective factor for plaques. In NAFLD, there was an inverse correlation between body weight and age and the latter independently predicted carotid findings. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk in patients with FL and NAFLD needs to be assessed as a function of age and body weight. | Amedeo Lonardo Silvia Lombardini Federica Scaglioni Stefano Ballestri Anna Maria Verrone Marco Bertolotti Lucia Carulli Dorval Ganazzi Nicola Carulli Paola Loria | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 14 |
| 17 | 加拿大新生儿重症监护室院内感染及其变化趋势对胎龄<33周早产儿预后的影响(英文)显示文摘败血症是新生儿重症监护室(NICU)的危重病症及造成新生儿死亡的重要原因之一,根据其发病时间,可分为早发(生后2 d内)和晚发(生后2 d后)。其中晚发的新生儿败血症,一般考虑为院内感染(NI)。胎龄越小,出生体重越低,NI的发生率越高。NI的发生率在加拿大各NICU之间差别较大,与各中心医护人员的相关诊疗行为密切相关。在国家卫生研究院"基于循证医学的医疗质量改进项目"的推动下,2003~2009年间加拿大全国NICU总的NI率明显下降,但不同中心各自感染率的变化趋势仍极为不同。本研究纳入了加拿大全国共24家NICU在2008~2012年间所有收入院的胎龄〈33周的早产儿共18 961名,探讨NI率的变化趋势以及其与早产儿预后的关系。 | Caitlin Jantzen Abhay Lodha Mirea Lucia Shoo K Lee Xiang Y Ye Koravangattu Sankaran 姚跃 | 2015 | 中国当代儿科杂志2015，17，10： | 13 |
| 18 | Nasogastric or nasointestinal feeding in severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM:To assess the rate of spontaneous tube migration and to compare the effects of naso-gastric and nasointestinal(NI)(beyond the ligament of Treitz) feeding in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS:After bedside intragastric insertion,tube position was assessed,and enteral nutrition(EN) started at day 4,irrespective of tube localization.Patients were monitored daily and clinical and laboratory parameters evaluated to compare the outcome of patients with nasogastric(NG) or NI tube.RESULTS:Spontaneous tube migration to a NI site occurred in 10/25(40%) prospectively enrolled SAP patients,while in 15(60%) nutrition was started with a NG tube.Groups were similar for demographics and pancreatitis aetiology but computed tomography(CT) severity index was higher in NG tube patients than in NI(mean 6.2 vs 4.7,P=0.04).The CT index seemed a risk factor for failed obtainment of spontaneous distal migration.EN trough NG or NI tube were similar in terms of tolerability,safety,clinical goals,complications and hospital stay.CONCLUSION:Spontaneous distal tube migration is successful in 40% of SAP patients,with higher CT severity index predicting intragastric retention;in such cases EN by NG tubes seems to provide a pragmatic alternative opportunity with similar outcomes. | Matteo Piciucchi Elettra Merola Massimo Marignani Mari-anna Signoretti Roberto Valente Lucia Cocomello Flavia Baccini Francesco Panzuto Gabriele Capurso Gianfranco Delle Fave | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，29： | 13 |
| 19 | Antibiotics and probiotics in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘许多试验性、临床的观察建议肠的微植物群在煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 的致病起一个潜在的作用。用抗菌素或职业人员生命学的钠内容的操作代表一种潜在地有效的治疗学的选择。可得到的研究不在 ulcerative (UC ) 支持抗菌素的使用。抗菌素在对待是有效的腐败 Crohn 的疾病(CD ) 的复杂并发症但是他们主要治疗是更争论的使用,尽管这条途径经常并且成功地在临床的实践被采用。有证据关於生命的治疗可以是的那个职业人员在预防和处理有效对中等 UC 温和。相反,成功的学习数据的缺乏目前预防在 CD 的处理的专业版生命学的普遍使用。抗菌素和职业人员生命学看起来在 pouchitis 的处理和预防起一个有益的作用,进一步的审判被保证充分确定他们的临床的功效。 | Paolo Gionchetti Fernando Rizzello Karen M Lammers Claudia Morselli Lucia Sollazzi Samuel Davies Rosy Tambasco Carlo Calabrese Massimo Campieri | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 12 |
| 20 | Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction显示文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features in- testinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories:neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseu- do-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases. | Alexandra Antonucci Lucia Fronzoni Laura Cogliandro Rosanna F Cogliandro Carla Caputo Roberto De Giorgio Francesca Pallotti Giovanni Barbara Roberto Corinaldesi Vincenzo Stanghellini | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，19： | 12 |
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