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| 1 | Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon– organic hybrid device显示文摘Energy-efficient electro-optic modulators are at the heart of short-reach optical interconnects,and silicon photonics is considered the leading technology for realizing such devices.However,the performance of all-silicon devices is limited by intrinsic material properties.In particular,the absence of linear electro-optic effects in silicon renders the integration of energy-efficient photonic–electronic interfaces challenging.Silicon–organic hybrid(SOH)integration can overcome these limitations by combining nanophotonic silicon waveguides with organic cladding materials,thereby offering the prospect of designing optical properties by molecular engineering.In this paper,we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented efficiency:the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit^(-1) to generate a 12.5 Gbit s^(-1) data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction.This power consumption represents the lowest value demonstrated for a non-resonant Mach–Zehnder modulator in any material system.It is enabled by a novel class of organic electro-optic materials that are designed for high chromophore density and enhanced molecular orientation.The device features an electro-optic coefficient of r33<180 pm V^(-1) and can be operated at data rates of up to 40 Gbit s^(-1). | Sebastian Koeber Robert Palmer Matthias Lauermann Wolfgang Heni Delwin L Elder Dietmar Korn Markus Woessner Luca Alloatti Swen Koenig Philipp C Schindler Hui Yu Wim Bogaerts Larry R Dalton Wolfgang Freude Juerg Leuthold Christian Koos | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 4 |
| 2 | 100 GHz silicon–organic hybrid modulator显示文摘Electro-optic modulation at frequencies of 100 GHz and beyond is important for photonic-electronic signal processing at the highest speeds.To date,however,only a small number of devices exist that can operate up to this frequency.In this study,we demonstrate that this frequency range can be addressed by nanophotonic,silicon-based modulators.We exploit the ultrafast Pockels effect by using the silicon–organic hybrid(SOH)platform,which combines highly nonlinear organic molecules with silicon waveguides.Until now,the bandwidth of these devices was limited by the losses of the radiofrequency(RF)signal and the RC(resistor-capacitor)time constant of the silicon structure.The RF losses are overcome by using a device as short as 500 μm,and the RC time constant is decreased by using a highly conductive electron accumulation layer and an improved gate insulator.Using this method,we demonstrate for the first time an integrated silicon modulator with a 3dB bandwidth at an operating frequency beyond 100 GHz.Our results clearly indicate that the RC time constant is not a fundamental speed limitation of SOH devices at these frequencies.Our device has a voltage–length product of only V_(π)L=11 V mm,which compares favorably with the best silicon-photonic modulators available today.Using cladding materials with stronger nonlinearities,the voltage–length product is expected to improve by more than an order of magnitude. | Luca Alloatti Robert Palmer Sebastian Diebold Kai Philipp Pahl Baoquan Chen Raluca Dinu Maryse Fournier Jean-Marc Fedeli Thomas Zwick Wolfgang Freude Christian Koos Juerg Leuthold | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 3 | An ASIC for high-resolution capacitive micro-accelerometers显示文摘 | Leuthold H Rudolf F | 1990 | Sensors and Actuators1990，2123，： | 1 |
| 4 | 100 Gbir/s all-op-tical wavelength conversion with integrated SOA delayed-inter-ference configuration显示文摘 | Leuthold J Joyner CH Mikkelsen B | 2000 | Electronics Letters2000，36，13： | 1 |
| 5 | Return-to-zero modulator using a single NRZ drive signal and an optical delay interferomete,显示文摘 | WINZER P J LEUTHOLD J | 2001 | Photonics Technology Letters2001，13，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Hedge ratios under inherent risk redaction in a commodity complex 显示文摘 | Tzang D N Leuthold R M | 1990 | Journal of Futures Markets1990，10，： | 1 |
| 7 | Nonlinear silicon photonies显示文摘 | LEUTHOLD J KOOS C FREUDE W | 2010 | Nat Photonics2010，4，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Polyethism in tood processing and social organisation in the nest of Macrotermes bellicosus ( lsoptera, Ternfitidae) 显示文摘 | Hinze B Crailsheim K Leuthold RH | 2002 | Insectes Soeiaux2002，49，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Lead-lag Rela- tionships between Trading Volume and Price Varia- bility: New Evidence显示文摘 | Carcia P R M Leuthold H Zapata | 1986 | Journal of Futures Mar- kets1986，6110，： | 1 |
| 10 | Consciousness of attention and expectancy as reflected in event-related potential and reaction times显示文摘 | Sommer W Matt J Leuthold H | 1990 | Journal of Expen mental Psychology:Learning Memory and Cognition1990，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | The inoculation of newly formed fungus comb with Termitomyces in Macrotermes colonies (Isoptera Macrotermitinae)显示文摘 | LEUTHOLD RH BADERTSCHER S IMBODEN H | 1989 | Insect Soc1989，36，： | 1 |
| 12 | Influences of presentation mode and time pressure on the urilisation of advance infor- marion in response preparation显示文摘 | Sangals J Sommer W Leuthold H | 2002 | Acta Psychologica2002，109，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Behaviour elements and their meaning in incipient laboratory colonies of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera:Macrotermitinae)显示文摘 | SIEBER R LEUTHOLD RH | 1981 | Insect Soc1981，28，： | 1 |
| 14 | Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours is specifically associated with glioblastoma multiforme显示文摘 | Agosti RM Leuthold M Gullick QJ | 1992 | Vrichows Archw A Pathol Anat Histopathol1992，420，： | 1 |
| 15 | Colour variation and polyethism of the soldier caste in the termite Macrotermes bellicosls 显示文摘 | Konate S Leuthold R Hari M | 2000 | Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata2000，94，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Multimode interference couplers for the conversion and combining of zero-and first-order modes显示文摘 | J Eekner Emil Camper | 1998 | Journal of Lightwave Technology1998，16，7： | 1 |
| 17 | An unusual caste polymorphism of the sternal gland and its trail pheromone production in the termite Trinervitermes bettonianus 显示文摘 | Leuthold RH LUscher M | 1974 | Insectes Sociaux1974，21，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Beyond web content accessibility guideline-design of enhanced text user interfaces for blind Internet user显示文摘 | LEUTHOLD S JAVIER A AVILA B | 2008 | Human-Computer Studies2008，66，： | 1 |
| 19 | Hedge Ratios Under Inherent Risk Reduction in A Commodity Complex 显示文摘 | Tzang D N Leuthold R M | 1990 | Jour- nal of Futures Markets1990，10，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Vertical versus dynamic menus on the world wide web: Eye tracking study measuring the influence of menu design and task complexity on user performance and subjective preference显示文摘 | Leuthold S Schmutz P Bargas-Avila J A | 2011 | Computers in human behavior2011，27，1： | 1 |
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