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| 1 | Pre-operative factors that can predict neoplastic polypoid lesions of the gallbladder显示文摘AIM:To investigate the preoperative factors that can predict neoplastic polypoid lesions of the gallbladder(PLGs) as well as malignant PLGs.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the 210 consecutively enrolled patients who underwent cholecystectomy due to a PLG larger than 10 mm,as was determined by preoperative trans-abdominal ultrasonography or endoscopic ultrasonography.We ana-lyzed the medical,laboratory,radiologic data and the pathologic results.RESULTS:In 210 cases,146 had non-neoplastic polyps(69.5%) and 64 cases were neoplastic polyps(30.5%).An older age(≥ 65 years),the presence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and the size of polyp(≥ 15 mm) were revealed to be independent predictive variables for neoplastic polyps with odd ratios(OR) of 2.27(P = 0.044),2.64(P = 0.021) and 4.94(P < 0.01),respectively.Among the neoplastic PLGs,an older age(≥ 65 years),the presence of DM and polyp size(≥ 15 mm) were associated with malignancy with ORs of 4.97(P = 0.005),6.13(P = 0.001) and 20.55(P < 0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION:Among patients with PLGs larger than 10 mm in size,higher risk groups such as elderly patients more than 65 years old,those with DM or a large polyp size(≥ 15 mm) should be managed by cholecystectomy. | Byung Hyo Cha Jin-Hyeok Hwang Sang Hyub Lee Jang Eon Kim Jai Young Cho Haeryoung Kim So Yeon Kim | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，17： | 27 |
| 2 | Probucol inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and ameliorates brain ischemic injury in normal and hyperlipidemic mice显示文摘瞄准:增加的证据建议那 probucol,有抗氧化剂活动的一个类脂化合物阴沉的代理人,可能为有经由在胆固醇和 neuroinflammation 的减小的 hyperlipidemia 的 ischemic 击的治疗有用。在这研究,我们检验了 probucol 是否能在正常和 hyperlipidemic mice.Methods 经由 anti-neuroinflammatory 行动免于大脑 ischemic 损害:主要老鼠 microglia 和鼠科的 BV2 microglia 不为 3 h,和版本暴露于 lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) , PGE2, IL-1β并且在 NF-κ 的 IL-6,以及变化; B,表明小径的 MAPK 和 AP-1 被估计。ApoE 击倒老鼠被喂包含 0.004% 的一本高脂肪的食谱, 0.02% , 0.1%(wt/wt ) 为 10 个星期的 probucol 而正常 C57BL/6J 老鼠收到了 probucol (3, 10, 30 mg· kg -1·d-1, po ) 为 4 d。然后,所有老鼠通过中间的服的动脉吸藏(MCAO ) 受到焦点的服的局部缺血。神经病学的赤字被获得在外科以后的 24 h,然后大脑为测量服的梗塞尺寸和支持 inflammatory mediators.Results 的生产被移开:在对待 LPS 的 BV2 房间和主要 microglial 房间,有 probucol 的预告的处理(1, 5, 10 μ mol/L ) dose-dependently 禁止了版本没有, PGE2, IL-1β并且 IL-6,它发生在抄写铺平。而且, probucol 的禁止的行动与 NF-κ 的 downregulation 被联系;表明小径的 B, MAPK 和 AP-1。在有 MCAO 的正常鼠标, probucol 的管理前 dose-dependently 减少了梗塞卷和改进神经病学的功能。这些效果被支持 inflammatory 调停人的减少的生产伴随(iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-6 ) 。在 ApoE 击倒,老鼠喂了一本高脂肪的食谱, 0.1% probucol 的管理前显著地减少了梗塞体积,改进了跟随 MCAO 的神经病学的赤字,并且减少全部胆固醇并且 LDL 胆固醇 levels.Conclusion:Probucol 禁止导致 LPS 的 microglia 激活并且改善在经由它的 anti-neuroinflammatory 行动的正常和 hyperlipidemic 老鼠的服的 ischemic 损害,建议那 probucol 为 ischemic 击和 hyperlipidemia 为病人的治疗有潜力与或在风险。 | Yeon Suk JUNG Jung Hwa PARK Hyunha KIM So Young KIM Ji Young HWANG Ki Whan HONG Sun Sik BAE Byung Tae CHOI Sae-Won LEE Hwa Kyoung SHIN | 2016 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2016，37，8： | 16 |
| 3 | Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells显示文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) water extract on human hepatoma cell lines,HepG2 and Hep3B cells. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of Chaga extract was screened by 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological observation,flow cytometry analysis,Western blot were employed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of Chaga extract. RESULTS: HepG2 cells were more sensitive to Chaga extract than Hep3B cells,as demonstrated by markedly reduced cell viability. Chaga extract inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner,which was accompanied with G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. In addition,G0/G1 arrest in the cell cycle was closely associated with down-regulation of p53,pRb,p27,cyclins D1,D2,E,cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2,Cdk4,and Cdk6 expression. CONCLUSION: Chaga mushroom may provide a new therapeutic option,as a potential anticancer agent,in the treatment of hepatoma. | Myung-Ja Youn Jin-Kyung Kim Seong-Yeol Park Yunha Kim Se-Jin Kim Jin Seok Lee Kyu Yun Chai Hye-Jung Kim Ming-Xun Cui Hong Seob So Ki-Young Kim Raekil Park | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，4： | 13 |
| 4 | Diagnostic value for extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan显示文摘AIM: To evaluated the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and extrahepatic metastases. METHODS: A total of 138 patients with HCC who had both conventional imaging modalities and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan done between November 2006 and March 2011 were enrolled. Diagnostic value of each imaging modality for detection of extrahepatic metastases was evaluated. Clinical factors and tumor characteristics including PET imaging were analyzed as indicative factors for metastases by univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS: The accuracy of chest CT was significantly superior compared with the accuracy of PET imaging for detecting lung metastases. The detection rate of metastatic pulmonary nodule ≥ 1 cm was 12/13 (92.3%), when < 1 cm was 2/10 (20%) in PET imaging. The accuracy of PET imaging was significantly superior compared with the accuracy of bone scan for detecting bone metastases. In multivariate analy- sis, increased tumor size (≥ 5 cm) (P = 0.042) and increased average standardized uptake value (SUV) uptake (P = 0.028) were predictive factors for extrahepatic metastases. Isometabolic HCC in PET imaging was inversely correlated in multivariate analysis (P = 0.035). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff of average SUV to predict extrahepatic metastases was 3.4. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan is invaluable for detection of lung metastases larger than 1 cm and bone metastases. Primary HCC having larger than 5 cm and increased average SUV uptake more than 3.4 should be considered for extrahepatic metastases. | Ji Eun Lee Jae Young Jang Soung Won Jeong Sae Hwan Lee Sang Gyune Kim Sang-Woo Cha Young Seok Kim Young Deok Cho Hong Soo Kim Boo Sung Kim So Young Jin Deuk Lin Choi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，23： | 10 |
| 5 | Effects of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (半夏泻心汤) on Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Human A549 Lung Cancer Cells显示文摘Objective: To examinie the synergistic effects of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,Known as Banhasasim-tang in Korean) extract(BXDE) on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the A549 human lung cancer cell lines. Methods: A549 cells were treated with varying concentrations(50–200 μg/m L) of cisplatin and BXDE alone or in combination for 96 h. We used 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan assay and flow cytometry to analyze cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Results: The exposure of cells to cisplatin and BXDE alone or in combination decreased cell viability dose-and time-dependently(P<0.05), which was found to be mediated by the apoptotic pathway as confirmed by the increase in the annexin V+/propidium iodide-stained cell population and a ladder pattern of discontinuous DNA fragments. Furthermore, the apoptosis was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe) fluoromethylketone(z-VAD-FMK). Conclusions: BXDE significantly potentiated apoptotic effects of cisplatin in A549 cells. Moreover, apoptosis induced by BXDE might be the pivotal mechanism mediating its chemopreventative action against cancer. | Ha-Rim Kim Guem-San Lee Mi-Seong Kim Do-Gon Ryu Hong-Seob So Hyoung-Chul Moon Young-Rae Lee Sei-Hoon Yang Kang-Beom Kwon | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2018，24，6： | 9 |
| 6 | Inhibition of pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal by LPS via NF-κB and MAP kinase显示文摘AIM:To investigate lipopolysaccharide(LPS) related signal transduction in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs) from mouse small intestine.METHODS:For this study,primary culture of ICCs was prepared from the small intestine of the mouse.LPS was treated to the cells prior to measurement of the membrane currents by using whole-cell patch clamp technique.Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the expression of the proteins in ICCs.RESULTS:LPS suppressed the pacemaker currents of ICCs and this could be blocked by AH6809,a prostaglandin E2-EP2 receptor antagonist or NG-Nitro-Larginine Methyl Ester,an inhibitor of nitric oxide(NO) synthase.Toll-like receptor 4,inducible NO synthase or cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity by specific antibodies was detected on ICCs.Catalase(antioxidant agent) had no action on LPS-induced action in ICCs.LPS actions were blocked by nuclear factor kB(NF-kB) inhibitor,actinomycin D(a gene transcription inhibitor),PD 98059(a p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor) or SB 203580 [a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) inhibitor].SB 203580 also blocked the prostaglandin E2-induced action on pacemaker currents in ICCs but not NO.CONCLUSION:LPS inhibit the pacemaker currents in ICCs via prostaglandin E2-and NO-dependent mechanism through toll-like receptor 4 and suggest that MAPK and NF-kB are implicated in these actions. | Dong Chuan Zuo Seok Choi Pawan Kumar Shahi Man Yoo Kim Chan Guk Park Young Dae Kim Jun Lee In Yeoup Chang Insuk So Jae Yeoul Jun | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 9 |
| 7 | Anti-Proliferative Effects of Ginsenosides Extracted from Mountain Ginseng on Lung Cancer显示文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of three major ginsenosides from mountain ginseng as anticancer substance and explore the underlying mechanism involved in lung cancer.Methods:The inhibitory proliferation of lung cancer by major five ginsenosides(Rb1,Rb2,Rg1,Re,and Re) was examined using3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.Calculated 50%inhibition(IC_(50)) values of five ginsenosides were determined and compared each other.Apoptosis by the treatment of single ginsenoside was performed by fluorescence-assisted cytometric spectroscopy.The alterations of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis.Results:The abundance of ginsenosides in butanol extract of mountain ginseng(BX-MG) was revealed in the order of Rb1,Rg1,Re,Re and Rb2.Among them,Rb1 was the most effective to lung cancer cell,followed by Rb2 and Rg1 on the basis of relative IC_(50) values of IMR90 versus A549 cell.The alterations of apoptotic proteins were confirmed in lung cancer A549 cells according to the administration of Rb1,Rb2 and Rg1.The expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased upon the treatment of three ginsenosides,however,the levels of caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic protein Bax were not changed.Conclusion:Major ginsenosides such as Rb1,Rb2 and Rg1 comprising BX-MG induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway rather than intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. | Dong Gyu Lee Sung-ll Jang Young-Rang Kim Kyeong Eun Yang So Jung Yoon Zee-Won Lee Hyun Joo An Ik-Soon Jang Jong-Soon Choi Hwa-Seung Yoo | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2016，22，5： | 9 |
| 8 | Voltage-gated K+ channels in adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘 | Mi-hyeon YOU Min Seok SONG Seul Ki LEE Pan Dong RYU So Yeong LEE Dae-yong KIM | 2013 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2013，34，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Does immunohistochemical staining have a clinical impact in early gastric cancer conducted endoscopic submucosal dissection?显示文摘AIM: To evaluate clinicopathologic parameters and the clinical significance related lymphovascular invasion (LVI) by immunohistochemical staining (IHCS) in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: Between May 2005 and May 2010, a total of 348 lesions from 321 patients (mean age 63 ± 10 years, men 74.6%) with early gastric cancer (EGC) who met indication criteria after ESD were analyzed retrospectively. The 348 lesions were divided into the absolute (n = 100, differentiated mucosal cancer without ulcer ≤ 20 mm) and expanded (n = 248) indica-tion groups after ESD. The 248 lesions were divided into four subgroups according to the expanded ESD indication. The presence of LVI was determined by factor Ⅷ-related antigen and D2-40 assessment. We compared LVI IHCS-negative group with LVI IHCSpositive in each group. RESULTS: LVI by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HES) and IHCS were all negative in the absolute group, while was observed in only the expanded groups. The positive rate of LVI by IHCS was higher than that of LVI by HES (n = 1, 0.4% vs n = 11, 4.4%, P = 0.044). LVI IHCS-positivity was observed when the cancer invaded to the mucosa 3 (M3) or submucosa 1 (SM1) levels, with a predominance of 63.6% in the subgroup that included only SM1 cancer (P < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, M3 or SM1 invasion by the tumor was significantly associated with a higher rate of LVI by IHCS, but no factor was significant in a multivariate analysis. There were no cases of tumor recurrence or metastasis during the median 26 mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: EGCs of the absolute group are immunohistochemically stable. The presence of LVI may be carefully examined by IHCS in an ESD expanded indication group with an invasion depth of M3 or greater. | Seong Ran Jeon Joo Young Cho Gene Hyun Bok Tae Hee Lee Hyun Gun Kim Won Young Cho So Young Jin Yeon Soo Kim | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，33： | 6 |
| 10 | Cinnamon extract suppresses experimental colitis through modulation of antigen-presenting cells显示文摘AIM:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract and elucidate its mechanisms for targeting the function of antigen presenting cells.METHODS:Cinnamon extract was used to treat murine macrophage cell line(Raw 264.7),mouse primary antigen-presenting cells(APCs,MHCII+) and CD11c+dendritic cells to analyze the effects of cinnamon extract on APC function.The mechanisms of action of cinnamon extract on APCs were investigated by analyzing cytokine production,and expression of MHC antigens and co-stimulatory molecules by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry.In addition,the effect of cinnamon extract on antigen presentation capacity and APC-dependent T-cell differentiation were analyzed by [H3]-thymidine incorporation and cytokine analysis,respectively.To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract in vivo,cinnamon or PBS was orally administered to mice for 20 d followed by induction of experimental colitis with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.The protective effects of cinnamon extract against experimental colitis were measured by checking clinical symptoms,histological analysis and cytokine expression prof iles in inflamed tissue.RESULTS:Treatment with cinnamon extract inhibited maturation of MHCII+ APCs or CD11c+ dendritic cells(DCs) by suppressing expression of co-stimulatory molecules(B7.1,B7.2,ICOS-L),MHCII and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2.Cinnamon extract induced regulatory DCs(rDCs) that produce low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-12,interferon(IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α] while expressing high levels of immunoregulatory cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β).In addition,rDCs generated by cinnamon extract inhibited APC-dependent T-cell proliferation,and converted CD4+ T cells into IL-10high CD4+ T cells.Furthermore,oral administration of cinnamon extract inhibited development and progression of intestinal colitis by inhibiting expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IFN-γ and TNF-α),while enhancing IL-10 levels.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests the potential of cinnamon extract as an anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the generation of regulatory APCs and IL-10+ regulatory T cells. | Ho-Keun Kwon Ji-Sun Hwang Choong-Gu Lee Jae-Seon So Anupama Sahoo Chang-Rok Im Won Kyung Jeon Byoung Seob Ko Sung Haeng Lee Zee Yong Park Sin-Hyeog Im | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，8： | 6 |
| 11 | Tenofovir is a more suitable treatment than entecavir for chronic hepatitis B patients carrying naturally occurring rtM204I mutations显示文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA polymerase mutations usually occur to long term use of nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs), but they can occur spontaneously in treatment-na?ve chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients. The naturally occurring HBV DNA polymerase mutations might complicate antiviral therapy with NAs,leading to the generation of drug-resistant viral mutants and disease progression.The most common substitutions are known to be YMDD-motif mutations, but their prevalence and the influence on antiviral therapy is unclear.AIM To investigate prevalence of the naturally occurring rtM204I mutations in treatment-na?ve CHB genotype C2 patients and their influence on antiviral therapy.METHODS A total of 410 treatment-na?ve CHB patients infected with HBV genotype C2 strains were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among the 410 patients, 232 were treated with NAs for at least 12 mo. Significant fibrosis was defined as fibrosis-4 index > 3.25 or aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index > 1.5.Complete viral response(CVR) during NAs was defined as undetectable serum HBV DNA(< 24 IU/m L). The rtM204I variants were analyzed by a newly developed locked nucleotide probe(LNA probe) based real-time PCR(LNA-RTPCR) method.RESULTS The LNA-RT-PCR could discriminate rtM204I mutant-type(17 patients, 4.2%)from rt M204 wild-type(386 patients, 95.8%) in 403 of 410 patients(98.3%sensitivity). Multivariate analysis showed that naturally occurring rtM204I variants were more frequently detected in patients with significant fibrosis [oddratio(OR) 3.397, 95% confidence-interval(CI) 1.119-10.319, P = 0.031]. Of 232 patients receiving NAs, multivariate analysis revealed that achievement of CVR was reversely associated with naturally occurring rtM204I variants prior to NAs treatment(OR 0.014, 95%CI 0.002-0.096, P < 0.001). Almost patients receiving tenofovir achieved CVR at 12 mo of tenofovir, irrespective of pre-existence of naturally occurring rtM204I mutations(CVR rates: patients with rtM204I, 100%;patients without rtM204I, 96.6%), whereas, pre-existence of naturally-occurring rtM204I-mutations prior to NAs significantly affects CVR rates in patients receiving entecavir(at 12 mo: Patients with rtM204I, 16.7%; patients without rtM204I, 95.6%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION The newly developed LNA-RT-PCR method could detect naturally occurring rtM204I mutations with high-sensitivity. Theses mutations were more frequent in patients with liver fibrosis. Tenofovir is a more suitable treatment than entecavir for CHB patients carrying the naturally occurring rtM204I mutations. | Won Hyeok Choe Kijeong Kim So-Young Lee Yu-Min Choi So Young Kwon Jeong Han Kim Bum-Joon Kim | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，33： | 4 |
| 12 | On-demand design of spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers using an artificial neural network显示文摘We report an approach assisted by deep learning to design spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers that work in the visible range.We propose a five-layered metal-insulator-metal grating structure composed of aluminum and silicon dioxide,and we design its structural parameters by using an artificial neural network(ANN).For a spectrally sensitive design,spectral information of resonant wavelengths is additionally provided as input as well as the reflection spectrum.The ANN facilitates highly robust design of a grating structure that has an average mean squared error(MSE)of 0.023.The optical properties of the designed structures are validated using electromagnetic simulations and experiments.Analysis of design results for gradually changing target wavelengths of input shows that the trained ANN can learn physical knowledge from data.We also propose a method to reduce the size of the ANN by exploiting observations of the trained ANN for practical applications.Our design method can also be applied to design various nanophotonic structures that are particularly sensitive to resonant wavelengths,such as spectroscopic detection and multi-color applications. | Sunae So Younghwan Yang Taejun Lee Junsuk Rho | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，4： | 4 |
| 13 | Skin whitening and anti-corrugation activities of glycoprotein fractions from liquid extracts of boiled sea cucumber显示文摘Objective: To determine skin whitening and wrinkle improvement efficacy, glycoprotein fractions were extracted from liquid extracts of boiled sea cucumber and their effects on tyrosine and elastase inhibitory activities were assayed. Methods: Fractions above and below 50 k Da(>50 kD a and <50 kD a) were extracted via a series of steps invovling: boiling, filtering, desalting and freeze drying. Cytotoxicity, skin whitening and wrinkle-removing effects of boiled liquid were determined. Results: Our MTT data showed that neither glycoprotein fraction of boiled liquid induces cellular cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 10 mg/m L treatment of the mouse melanoma cell line, B16F10, with 10 mg/m L >50 kDa enhanced tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities by 50.84% and 28.78%, respectively. Correlations of the >50 kD a concentration with tyrosinase inhibitory(R^2=0.968) and elastase inhibitory(R2=0.983) efficacy were significant. Conclusions: >50 kD a glycoprotein fraction isolated from liquid extracts of boiled sea cucumber, which can serve as a functional cosmetic ingredient for whitening and wrinkle improvement of skin. | So Jung Kim So Yun Park Sun-Mee Hong Eun-Hye Kwon Taek-Kyun Lee | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，10： | 3 |
| 14 | Temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis显示文摘AIM To investigate the temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rate between Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) in South Korea. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients managed for CD or ITB at Asan Medical Center, a tertiary referral hospital, Seoul, Korea between 1996 and 2014. The temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between the two diseases were analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between CD patients who were initially misdiagnosed as ITB(final CD group) and vice versa(final ITB group). Final diagnostic criteria for ITB and medication for CD before definite diagnosis of TB were also analyzed in final ITB group.RESULTS In total, 2760 patients were managed for CD and 772 patients for ITB between 1996 and 2014. As well, 494 of the 2760 CD patients(17.9%) were initially misdiagnosed as ITB and 83 of the 772 ITB patients(10.8%) as CD. The temporal trend in misdiagnosing CD as ITB showed a decrease(OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87-0.91, P < 0.001), whereas the temporal trend in misdiagnosing ITB as CD showed an increase(OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11, P = 0.013). Age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, and proportion of patients with active/past perianal fistula and active/inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) were significantly different between final CD group and final ITB group. Forty patients(48.2%) in final ITB group were diagnosed by favorable response to empirical anti-TB treatment. Seventeen patients(20.5%) in final ITB group had inappropriately received corticosteroids and/or thiopurines due to misdiagnosis as CD. However, there were no mortalities in both groups. CONCLUSION Cases of CD misdiagnosed as ITB have been decreasing, whereas cases of ITB misdiagnosed as CD have been increasing over the past two decades. | Hyungil Seo Seohyun Lee Hoonsub So Donghoi Kim Seon-Ok Kim Jae Seung Soh Jung Ho Bae Sun-Ho Lee Sung Wook Hwang Sang Hyoung Park Dong-Hoon Yang Kyung-Jo Kim Jeong-Sik Byeon Seung-Jae Myung Suk-Kyun Yang Byong Duk Ye | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，34： | 3 |
| 15 | Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials显示文摘Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications,such as super-resolution imaging,negative refraction,and enhanced emission control.Here,state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed,starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials.The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials. | Dasol Lee Sunae So Guangwei Hu Minkyung Kim Trevon Badloe Hanlyun Cho Jaekyung Kim Hongyoon Kim Cheng‑Wei Qiu Junsuk Rho | 2022 | eLight2022，2，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Fatty acid methyl ester profiles and nutritive values of 20 marine microalgae in Korea显示文摘Objecive:To screen the fatty acid(FA) composition of 20 marine microalgae species,including seven Diophyceae,six Bacillariophyeae four Chlorophyceae,two Haptophyceae and one Raphidophyceae species.Methods:Microalgal cells cultured at the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology were harvested during the late exponential growth phase and the FA composition analyzed.Results:The FA composition of microalgae was speciesspecific.For example,seven different species of Dinophyceae were composed primarily of C14:0,C16:0.C18:0.C20:4n-6.C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3.while C14:0.C16:0,C16:1.C18:0.C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 were abundant FAs in six species of Bacillariophyceae.In addition,four Chlurophyceae,two Haptopkyeeae and one Raphidophyceae species all contained a high degree of C16:1 n-7[(9.2R-34.91)%and(34.48-35.04)%].C14:0[(13.34-25.96)%]and[(26.69-Z8.24)%],and C16:0[(5.89-29.15)%]and[(5.70-16.81)%].Several factors contribute to the nutritional value of microalgae.including the polyunsaturated FA content and n-3 to n-6 FA ratio,which could be used to assess the nutritional quality of microalgae.Conclusions:This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the FA composition and nutritional value of microalgae species in South Korea,and identifies the potential utility of FAs as species-specific biomarkers. | Sung-Suk Suh So Jung Kim Jinik Hwang Mirye Park Taek-Kyun Lee Eui-Joon Kil Sukchan Lee | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2015，8，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Rapid re-emergence of YMDD mutation of hepatitis B virus with hepatic decompensation after lamivudine retreatment显示文摘Lamivudine has a high rate of antiviral resistance. Sequential treatment of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) is commonly used for lamivudine resistance. We report 4 cases of patients with rapid redetection of HBV mutants during the lamivudine retreatment. The four patients received lamivudine as an initial treatment of HBV and adefovir and lamivudine as a rescue therapy consecutively. HBV-DNA level, YMDD mutations and adefovir -resistant mutations (RFMP) were tested every 3 mo during the sequential treatment. All the patients showed YMDD mutations during the initial lamivudine therapy. After adefovir therapy for lamivudine resistance, they showed viral breakthrough. Adefovir was switched to lamivudine, however, it did not induce viral suppression at all, rather increased HBV-DNA with rapid reemergence of the YMDD mutations. All the patients had ALT flares, and hepatic decompensation occurred in two patients. After switching to adefovir combined with entecavir or lamivudine for a rescue therapy, the patients had reduction in HBV-DNA and ALT improvement. These cases demonstrated that lamivudine retreatment of patients with preexposed lamivudine resistance leads to rapid reemergence of YMDD mutation with significant viral rebounds and subsequent hepatic decompensation. Sequential administration of lamivudine in patients with a prior history of YMDD mutation should be abandoned. | So Young Kwon Won Hyeok Choe Chang Hong Lee Jong Eun Yeon Kwan Soo Byun | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，27： | 3 |
| 18 | Diabetic corneal neuropathy as a surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy显示文摘Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus,affecting nerves in all parts of the body including corneal nerves and peripheral nervous system,leading to diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,respectively.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is diagnosed in clinical practice using electrophysiological nerve conduction studies,clinical scoring,and skin biopsies.However,these diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity in detecting small-fiber disease,hence they do not accurately reflect the status of diabetic neuropathy.More recently,analysis of alterations in the corneal nerves has emerged as a promising surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.In this review,we will discuss the relationship between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,elaborating on the foundational aspects of each:pathogenesis,clinical presentation,evaluation,and management.We will further discuss the relevance of diabetic corneal neuropathy in detecting the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy,particularly early diabetic peripheral neuropathy;the correlation between the severity of diabetic corneal neuropathy and that of diabetic peripheral neuropathy;and the role of diabetic corneal neuropathy in the stratification of complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | Wei Zheng So Natalie Shi Qi Wong Hong Chang Tan Molly Tzu Yu Lin Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Jodhbir S.Mehta Yu-Chi Liu | 2022 | Neural Regeneration Research2022，17，10： | 3 |
| 19 | Improvement of diabetes and hypertension after gastrectomy: A nationwide cohort study显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of gastrectomy on diabetes mellitus(DM) and hypertension(HTN) in non-obese gastric cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 100000 patients, diagnosed with either type 2 DM or HTN, were randomly selected from the 2004 Korean National Health Insurance System claims. Among them, 360 diabetes and 351 hypertensive patients with gastric cancer who had been regularly treated without chemotherapy from January 2005 to December 2010 were selected. They were divided into three groups according to their treatment methods: total gastrectomy(TG), subtotal gastrectomy(STG) and endoscopic resection(ER). RESULTS: The drug discontinuation rate of antidiabetic and anti-hypertensive agents after gastric cancer treatment was 9.7% and 11.1% respectively. DM appeared to be improved more frequently(22.8%) and earlier(mean ± SE 28.6 ± 1.8 mo) in TG group than in the two other groups [improved in 9.5% of ER group(37.4 ± 1.1 mo) and 6.4% of STG group(47.0 ± 0.8 mo)]. The proportion of patients treated with multiple drugs decreased more notably in TG group compared to others(P = 0.001 in DM, and P = 0.035 in HTN). In TG group, adjusted hazard ratio for theimprovement of DM was 2.87(95%CI: 1.15-7.17) in a multi-variate analysis and better control of DM was observed with survival analysis(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: TG was found to decrease the need for anti-diabetic medications which can be reflective of improved glycemic control, to a greater extent than either ER or STG in non-obese diabetic patients. | Eun Kyung Lee So Young Kim You Jin Lee Mi Hyang Kwak Hak Jin Kim Il Ju Choi Soo-Jeong Cho Young Woo Kim Jong Yeul Lee Chan Gyoo Kim Hong Man Yoon Bang Wool Eom Sun-Young Kong Min Kyong Yoo Jong Hyock Park Keun Won Ryu | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Diagnostic Indicators for Blood Stasis Syndrome Patients with Gynaecological Diseases显示文摘Objective: To investigate the important diagnostic indicators for blood stasis syndrome(BSS) in patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases. Methods: A partial least squared-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were applied to BSS symptoms data of patients with gynaecological diseases, and the diagnostic indicators used by doctors of Korean medicine(DKMs) among BSS patients with gynaecological diseases were also investigated. Results: A total of 103 patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Among the 103 patients, 63(61.7%) and 40(38.8%) were diagnosed with BSS and non-BSS, respectively, and BSS patients exhibited a more severe extent of disease. A score plot of PLS-DA showed clearly different patterns among the 3 groups. Based on the variable importance on projection of PLS-DA model, menstrual pains, dark lumps in the menstrual blood, ileocoecal tenderness and resistance, sharp pains, and sublingual varicosities were selected as the top five most important indicators. Moreover, more than 75% of DKMs chose dark lumps in menstrual blood, menstrual pain, and dark menstrual blood as the diagnostic indicators of BSS in patients with gynaecological diseases, and more than 49% of them also considered sharp pains, dark red tongue, sublingual varicosities, and tendency to bruise easily as diagnostic indicators of BSS. Conclusion: DKMs focused on menstrual symptoms and certain gynaecological symptoms to diagnose BSS patients of childbearing age with female diseases. | Jeeyoun Jung Mi Mi Ko Myeong Soo Lee So Min Lee Ju Ah Lee | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2018，24，10： | 3 |
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