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| 1 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEI级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度〈50%和无症状患者狭窄程度〈60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状巾到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的尢症状患者(狭窄稗度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(I级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W. Hobson, Ⅱ William C. Mackey Enrico Ascher M. Hassan Murad Keith D. Calligaro Anthony J. Comerota Victor M. Montori Mark K. Eskandari Douglas W. Massop Ruth L. Bush Brajesh K. Lal Bruce A. Perler 刘德志(译) 徐格林(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，12： | 35 |
| 2 | Optimal Control of Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum System Using PID Controller and LQR: Performance Analysis Without and With Disturbance Input显示文摘Linear quadratic regulator(LQR) and proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control methods, which are generally used for control of linear dynamical systems, are used in this paper to control the nonlinear dynamical system. LQR is one of the optimal control techniques, which takes into account the states of the dynamical system and control input to make the optimal control decisions.The nonlinear system states are fed to LQR which is designed using a linear state-space model. This is simple as well as robust. The inverted pendulum, a highly nonlinear unstable system, is used as a benchmark for implementing the control methods. Here the control objective is to control the system such that the cart reaches a desired position and the inverted pendulum stabilizes in the upright position. In this paper, the modeling and simulation for optimal control design of nonlinear inverted pendulum-cart dynamic system using PID controller and LQR have been presented for both cases of without and with disturbance input. The Matlab-Simulink models have been developed for simulation and performance analysis of the control schemes. The simulation results justify the comparative advantage of LQR control method. | Lal Bahadur Prasad Barjeev Tyagi Hari Om Gupta | 2014 | International Journal of Automation and computing2014，11，6： | 32 |
| 3 | 下肢浅静脉治疗术后的加压疗法:美国静脉论坛血管、外科学会、美国静脉学会、血管医学学会和国际静脉联盟的临床实践指南显示文摘一、指南的由来下肢浅静脉治疗术后应用压力治疗的方式是几代血管外科医师多年临床经验积累所得,现主要应用于大隐静脉剥脱术、下肢静脉点状剥脱术及静脉硬化治疗等。目前单就静脉硬化治疗而言,术后压力治疗的推荐也是基于相关文献及实验验证[1],但对于其他术式,尤其是对于大隐静脉的热消融术,目前还没有形成规范统一的建议,这也使得当前的压力治疗具有很大的临床差异性。 | Lurie F Lal BK Antignani PL Blebea J Bush R Caprini J Davies A Forrestal M Jacobowitz G Kalodiki E Killewich L Lohr J Ma H Mosti G Partsch H Rooke T Wakefield T 李丹(译) 陈程浩(译) 牛传强(译) 张靖(译) 黄建忠(译) | 2020 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2020，8，4： | 16 |
| 4 | Estimating the spatial distribution of organic carbon density for the soils of Ohio, USA显示文摘包含 1424 引用 geo 的土壤侧面的国家土壤调查中心的历史的数据库在这研究被使用为美国俄亥俄的土壤估计器官的碳(SOC ) 。学习的特定的目的是估计 SOC 密度的空间分发(C 存货每统一区域) 到为用地理上加权的回归(GWR ) 的俄亥俄的土壤的 1.0-m 深度,并且把结果与那从多重线性回归(MLR ) 获得了作比较。大约 80% 分析数据被用于刻度并且 20% 为确认。包括使用数据被用于印射 SOC 密度的地面属性,气候数据,基岩地质学,和土地的 20 个变量的一个总数。结果证明 GWR 向更好的评价提供了最低(3.81 kg m2 ) 根均方差(RMSE ) 比 MLR 途径。为在俄亥俄的土壤的全部的估计的 SOC 水池从 727 ~ 742 Tg 。这研究表明那,本地空间统计技术, GWR 能在作为与象 MLR 那样的另外的全球空间统计技术相比越过学习区域捕获 SOC 的空间分发更好表现。因此, GWR 为印射 SOC 密度提高精确性。 | Sandeep KUMAR Rattan LAL Desheng LIU Rashid RAFIQ | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，2： | 15 |
| 5 | Regulation of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis显示文摘开花期的形态学被调整花说明的时间、空间的事件部分地调整。在 Arabidopsis,一条内长的 flowering 时间小径由 SQUAMOSA 倡导者绑定的一个子集调停了像蛋白质(系统程序设计语言) 包括 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5,抄写因素工作由激活花的分裂组织身份基因指定花。在射击开发期间, SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 被 microRNA156 (miR156 ) post-transcriptionally 调整。光周期调整了 florigenic 信号, FLOWERING 地点 T (英尺) ,支持花的正式就职,部分地由激活 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5。接着,这些系统程序设计语言与英尺同时工作指定花分裂组织。二相关象 BELL1 一样 homeobox 基因 PENNYWISE (PNY ) 并且省小钱吃大亏(PNF ) 在射击表示了顶端的分裂组织绝对为花的分裂组织的说明被要求。基因研究证明英尺的花的说明功能取决于 PNY 和 PNF;然而,在这些 homeodomain 蛋白质和系统程序设计语言之间的相互影响不被知道。在这张手稿,我们证明 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 的花的正式就职是的 photoperiodic 依赖于 PNY 和 PNF。进一步, PNY 和 PNF 也由否定地调整 miR156 控制 SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 表示。最后, SPL4 的宫外的表示部分救 pny pnf non-flower-producing 显型,当在 pny pnf 植物的 SPL3 或 SPL5 的 overexpression 是不能的恢复花说明时。这些结果建议那:(1 ) SPL3, SPL4,和 SPL5 功能依赖于 PNY 和 PNF,或(2 ) 多重系统程序设计语言的表示在 pny pnf 植物为花的说明被要求。 | Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley M.S. Smith | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，6： | 13 |
| 6 | Effects of Tillage Practices and Land Use Management on Soil Aggregates and Soil Organic Carbon in the North Appalachian Region,USA显示文摘Promoting soil carbon sequestration in agricultural land is one of the viable strategies to decelerate the observed climate changes.However,soil physical disturbances have aggravated the soil degradation process by accelerating erosion.Thus,reducing the magnitude and intensity of soil physical disturbance through appropriate farming/agricultural systems is essential to management of soil carbon sink capacity of agricultural lands.Four sites of different land use types/tillage practices,i) nc-till(NT) corn(Zea mays L.)(NTC),ii) conventional till(CT) corn(CTC),iii) pastureland(PL),and iv) native forest(NF),were selected at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed Station,Ohio,USA to assess the impact of NT farming on soil aggregate indices including water-stable aggregation,mean weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GMD),and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents.The NTC plots received cow manure additions(about 15 t ha^(-1)) every other year.The CTC plots involved disking and chisel ploughing and liquid fertilizer application(110 L ha^(-1)).The results showed that both water-stable aggregation and MWD were greater in soil for NTC than for CTC.In the 0-10 cm soil layer,the > 4.75-mm size fraction dominated NTC and was 46%more than that for CTC,whereas the < 0.25-mm size fraction was 380%more for CTC than for NTC.The values of both MWD and GMD in soil for NTC(2.17 mm and 1.19 mm,respectively) were higher than those for CTC(1.47 and 0.72 mm,respectively) in the 0-10 cm soil layer.Macroaggregates contained 6%-42%and 13%-43%higher organic carbon and total nitrogen contents,respectively,than microaggregates in soil for all sites.Macroaggregates in soil for NTC contained 40%more organic carbon and total nitrogen over microaggregates in soil for CTC.Therefore,a higher proportion of microaggregates with lower organic carbon contents created a carbon-depleted environment for CTC.In contrast,soil for NTC had more aggregation and contained higher organic carbon content within water-stable aggregates.The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks(Mg ha^(-1)) among the different sites followed the trend of NF > PL > NTC > CTC,being 35%-46%more for NTC over CTC.The NT practice enhanced soil organic carbon content over the CT practice and thus was an important strategy of carbon sequestration in cropland soils. | Arun Jyoti NATH Rattan LAL | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Frozen shoulder-A prospective randomized clinical trial显示文摘AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection. | Rudra Narayan Mukherjee R M Pandey Hira Lal Nag Ravi Mittal | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 11 |
| 8 | Plant Species Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient of Bhabha Valley in Western Himalaya显示文摘The present study highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Bhabha Valley of western Himalaya in India. The analysis of species diversity revealed that a total of 313 species of higher plants inhabit the valley with a characteristic of moist alpine shrub vegetation. The herbaceous life forms dominate and increase with increasing altitude. The major representations are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae, suggesting thereby the alpine meadow nature of the study area. The effect of altitude on species diversity displays a hump-shaped curve which may be attributed to increase in habitat diversity at the median ranges and relatively less habitat diversity at higher altitudes. The anthropogenic pressure at lower altitudes results in low plant diversity towards the bottom of the valley with most of the species being exotic in nature. Though the plant diversity is less at higher altitudinal ranges, the uniqueness is relatively high with high species replacement rates. More than 90 % of variability in the species diversity could be explained using appropriate quantitative and statistical analysis along the altitudinal gradient. The valley harbours 18 threatened and 41 endemic species, most of which occur at higher altitudinal gradients due to habitat specificity. | Amit Chawla S.Rajkumar K.N.Singh Brij Lal R.D.Singh A.K.Thukral | 2008 | Journal of Mountain Science2008，5，2： | 8 |
| 9 | A study on p53 gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation to common dietary risk factors among population of the Kashmir valley显示文摘瞄准:为了系统地检验风险因素的关联的程度,例如年龄,与原因的体的 Tp53 分子损害消费了饮食的习惯和家庭倾向在北印度的 Kashmiri 人口之中提高食道的有鳞的房间癌(ESCC ) 的致癌作用严厉。方法:所有情况(n = 51 ) 并且控制(n = 150 ) 是克什米尔山谷的永久居民。基因改变在 Tp53 肿瘤的前 ons 5-8 被决定压制或在 45 个 ESCC 盒子之中的基因组织学地由 PCR-SSCP 分析证实了。为单个癌症盒子的数据(n = 45 ) 并且住院病人控制(n = 150 ) 与非癌症,疾病在癌症的家庭历史上包括了信息,与病人的年龄组一起的三十个占优势的普通饮食的风险因素。在到从这些参数的万物有灵论的数据的 p53 前 ons 的基因损害的关联被 Chi 平方测试与健康控制一起产生到所有 45 个组织学地证实的 ESCC 盒子。结果:(77.8%) 45 中的 35 个组织学地描绘了与 45 正常样品中的 1 个对比的有的类似的体细胞突变从一样的耐心的显示出的细菌线变化从邻近的区域获得了的肿瘤样品。 SSCP 分析表明了改变在 6 上在前被发现的那很普通的 p53 基因(77.7%),那没与个人和 clinicopathological 参数的年龄相关,但是与癌症的家庭历史显示出重要词语索引( P<0.05 )( CD = 58 ),在消费的一个未知地点,和饮食的习惯建议细菌线倾向局部地种芥属蔬菜“ Hakh ”( CD = 19.5 ),红 chillies ( CD = 20.2 ),热咸苏打茶( CD = 2.37 )并且本地烤的面包( CD = 1.1 )。结论:我们的学习建议那体的染色体变化特别在 6 Tp53 基因上的前,在人种上的食道的癌症病人之中,克什米尔山谷的同质的人口是仔细与到各种各样的普通饮食的风险因素,特别热的咸茶,肉,烤的面包和“ Hakh ”的继续的暴露有关,那富于 nitrosoamines 和家庭癌症历史。 | Imtiyaz Murtaza Dhuha Mushtaq Mushtaq A Margoob Amit Dutt Nisar Ahmad Wani Ishfaq Ahmad Mohan Lal Bhat | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，25： | 8 |
| 10 | Delayed migration of K-wire into popliteal fossa used for tension band wiring of patellar fracture显示文摘被用于破裂固定的 K 电线和不锈钢电线的破裂不是不平常的,但是移植是稀罕的。我们报导为髌紧张乐队配线使用到腿弯部的窝的破 K 电线的移植的一个案例。破硬件通过手术被移开。我们想建议那 K 电线和电线固定使用了因为膝盖骨的破裂的治疗能移居进膝的以后的分隔空间并且引起临床的症状。在曾经,骨折统一了识别电线的硬件破裂或运动和移动的存在的内部固定以后的近临床、放射学的后续能避免如此的复杂并发症。 | Sanjay Meena Hira Lal Nag Senthil Kumar Nilesh Barwar Samarth Mittal Amit Singla | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2013，16，3： | 7 |
| 11 | 尼泊尔中部山区Melamchi流域农户类型及其土地利用方式显示文摘农户生计策略变化为土地利用变化提供了新的研究视角。基于问卷调查、半结构访谈、数理统计等方法,对尼泊尔中部山区Melamchi流域4个典型村进行了系统调查,分析了不同类型农户的生计策略及土地利用特征。结果表明:农为主和非农为主型农户生计策略组合较优,生计多样性指数相对较高,生计风险相对较小。不同类型农户在耕作面积、土地利用结构、劳动力投入、土地增产性投入等方面均表现出不同特征。不同类型农户对改善生计的认识及策略不同,其对土地的作用及影响也有所差异。非农生计活动不仅降低了生计脆弱性和生计风险,同时也降低了农户对土地的依赖程度和垦殖率,促进了土地所有权改变和土地再分配,提高了农业生产率,但也增加了土地质量退化和环境污染的风险。针对尼泊尔山区资源环境特点及影响农户生计改善的不利因素,从农户和区域层次分别提出农户生计优化及土地可持续利用的建议。 | 苏艺 邓伟 张继飞 Hriday Lal Koirala | 2016 | 农业工程学报2016，32，9： | 7 |
| 12 | 尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域农户生计资本与生计策略关系研究显示文摘生计资本与生计策略关系的研究是理解和发展农村可持续生计最重要的途径。本文以尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域为例,采用PRA法进行实地调研,定量分析了该流域农户的生计资本状况,生计资本对生计策略的影响及不同生计策略对生计资本因子的敏感性特征。研究表明:(1)农户生计资本指数低,各类资本差异明显,且资本的转化能力弱。物质资本得分最高,其次为人力资本、社会资本、金融资本,自然资本最低。(2)以非农为主型生计策略农户的资本总指数最高,生计策略也相对最优;非农型资本总指数次之,但生计风险相对较高;农为主型资本总指数低于前二者,但生计脆弱性相对较低;纯农型资本总指数最低,生计策略组合单一,生计风险相对最高。(3)生计资本及其组合差异是影响农户生计策略选择的重要原因,改善生计资本的配置能够推动农户生计策略的调整和优化。不同生计策略对资本因子的敏感性亦有所差异,提高人力资本和金融资本的投入,对于尼泊尔山区农户积极参与和发展非农生计活动,合理调整和优化生计策略,减小生计风险具有重要意义。 | 苏艺 邓伟 张继飞 Hriday Lal Koirala Paudel Khatiwada Shanta | 2016 | 山地学报2016，34，5： | 7 |
| 13 | User Assisted Cooperative Relaying in Beamspace Massive MIMO NOMA Based Systems for Millimeter Wave Communications显示文摘A novel scheme‘user assisted cooperative relaying in beamspace massive multiple input multiple output(M-MIMO)non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)system’has been proposed to improve coverage area,spectrum and energy efficiency for millimeter wave(mmWave)communications.A downlink system for M users,where base station(BS)is equipped with beamforming lens antenna structure having NRF radio frequency(RF)chains,has been considered.A dynamic cluster of users is formed within a beam and the intermediate users(in that cluster)between beam source and destination(user)act as relaying stations.By the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC)technique of NOMA within a cluster,the relaying stations relay the symbols with improved power to the destination.For maximizing achievable sum rate,transmit precoding and dynamic power allocation for both intra and inter beam power optimization are implemented.Simulations for performance evaluation are carried out to validate that the proposed system outperforms the conventional beamspace M-MIMO NOMA system for mmWave communications in terms of spectrum and energy efficiency. | Jaipreet Kaur Maninder Lal Singh | 2019 | China Communications2019，16，6： | 6 |
| 14 | Spatio-temporal characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in different landform areas with a case study in Northeast China显示文摘Assessing the temporal and spatial characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation is necessary to identify management practices that can reduce negative environmental effects.Thus,the purpose of this study was to use principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation to analyze the dynamic characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in different landform areas in Liaoning Province,China,in terms of time and space.An additional objective was to match the changes with the natural and social environment to support the sustainable development of fragmented cultivated land.The results indicated that the evolutionary trends of cultivated land fragmentation in the central plain area showed a weakening trend,contrary to those observed in the western hilly and eastern mountainous areas.Moreover,the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the western hilly area were generally“external low,internal high,”primarily because of the edge density of cultivated land patches.The spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the central plain area were generally“external high,internal low,”primarily because of the number and division of cultivated land patches.The spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the eastern mountainous area were generally“south low,north high”because of the division of cultivated land patches.These results can provide guidelines for planners,managers,decision-makers and others to formulate regulatory policies,identify land remediation areas,and promote the sustainable development of cultivated land. | Fengkui Qian Yanru Chi Rattan Lal Klaus Lorenz | 2020 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2020，6，1： | 6 |
| 15 | New hope in the horizon: cancer stem cells显示文摘 | Shalmoli Bhattacharyya Kishan Lal Khanduja | 2010 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2010，42，4： | 6 |
| 16 | High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system显示文摘High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality.This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use.This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka,Japan.The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain 2with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region.High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model(GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation.The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone.Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains,with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv.In addition,1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation.These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region,such as the Osaka region,which has complex terrain and land-use. | SHRESTHA Kundan Lal KONDO Akira KAGA Akikazu INOUE Yoshio | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，6： | 6 |
| 17 | Differences in Tree Species Diversity and Soil Nutrient Status in a Tropical Sacred Forest Ecosystem on Niyamgiri Hill Range,Eastern Ghats,India显示文摘We have quantitatively analyzed the tree species diversity with respect to soil nutrient status in three sites of a sacred forest ecosystem of Niyamgiri hill range,Eastern Ghats,India.Extensive field surveys and sampling were conducted in 3 sites of the hill range:Site 1 Pterocarpus dominated forest(PTF)(19°40'02.2' N and 83°21'23.1' E),Site 2 Mangifera dominated forest(MAF)(19°40'02.8' N and 83°21'40.8' E) and Site 3 Mixed forest(MIF)(19°36'47.1' N and 83°21'02.7' E).A total of 28 families,42 genera,46 tree species,and 286 individual trees were recorded on an area of 0.6 ha.Tree density varied between 470 and 490 individuals ha-1 and average basal area between 3.16 and 10.04 m2 ha-1.Shannon Index(H') ranged from 2.34 to 4.53,Simpson's Index ranged from 0.07 to 0.09,and equitability Index ranged from 0.7 to 1.34.The number of individuals was highest in the girth at breast height(GBH) class of 50-70 cm.The soil nutrient status of the three forest types was related to tree species diversity.The soil pH value of the three sites reflected the slightly acidic nature of the area.Species diversity was positively correlated with organic carbon and phosphorus and negatively with nitrogen,EC and pH.The results of the current study may be helpful to further develop a conservation planfor tree species in tropical sacred forest ecosystems. | Sudam Charan SAHU Nabin Kumar DHAL Brij LAL Rama Chandra MOHANTY | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，4： | 5 |
| 18 | Cryotherapy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditions of the esophagus显示文摘Endoscopic cryotherapy is a relatively new thermal ablative modality used for the treatment of neoplastic lesions of the esophagus. It relies on cycles of rapid cooling and thawing to induce tissue destruction with a cryogen(liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide) leading to intra and extra-cellular damage. Surgical treatment was once considered the standard therapeutic intervention for neoplastic diseases of the esophagus and is associated with considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. Several trials that evaluated cryotherapy in Barrett's esophagus(BE) associated neoplasia showed reasonable efficacy rates and safety profile. Cryotherapy has also found applications in the treatment of esophageal cancer, both for curative and palliative intent. Cryotherapy has also shown promising results as salvage therapy in cases refractory to radiofrequency ablation treatment. Cryoballoon focal ablation using liquid nitrogen is a novel mode of cryogen delivery which has been used for the treatment of BE with dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Most common side effects of cryotherapy reported in the literature include mild chest discomfort, esophageal strictures and bleeding. In conclusion, cryotherapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of esophageal neoplastic processes, ranging from early stages of low grade dysplasia to esophageal cancer. | Pooja Lal Prashanthi N Thota | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 5 |
| 19 | Role of cardiac CTA in estimating left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction显示文摘Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)is an impor-tant predictor of cardiac outcome and helps in makingimportant diagnostic and therapeutic decisions suchas the treatment of different types of congestive heartfailure or implantation of devices like cardiac resynchro-nization therapy-defibrillator.LVEF can be measuredby various techniques such as transthoracic echo-cardiography,contrast ventriculography,radionuclidetechniques,cardiac magnetic resonance imaging andcardiac computed tomographic angiography(CTA).Thedevelopment of cardiac CTA using multi-detector rowCT(MDCT)has seen a very rapid improvement in thetechnology for identifying coronary artery stenosis andcoronary artery disease in the last decade.During theacquisition,processing and analysis of data to studycoronary anatomy,MDCT provides a unique opportunityto measure left ventricular volumes and LVEF simulta-neously with the same data set without the need foradditional contrast or radiation exposure.The develop-ment of semi-automated and automated software to measure LVEF has now added uniformity,efficiency and reproducibility of practical value in clinical practice rather than just being a research tool.This article will address the feasibility,the accuracy and the limitations of MDCT in measuring LVEF. | Robin Man Singh Balkrishna Man Singh Jawahar Lal Mehta | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，9： | 5 |
| 20 | Fracture Union in Closed Interlocking Nail in Humera Shaft Fractures显示文摘 | Ramji Lal Sahu Raini Ranjan Ajay Lal | 2015 | Chinese Medical Journal2015，，11： | 5 |
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