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| 1 | Mental and physical symptoms associated with lower social support for patients with hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To systematically examine the impact of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis on patients' level of social support in a large-scale study. METHODS: Patients evaluated and treated for HCV in a tertiary referral center were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, functional and emotional status as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), severity of liver disease, mode of acquisition, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities were collected from patients or abstracted from the medical record. All participants completed a semi-structured interview, addressing questions of social support. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients (mean age 45.2 years; 37% women) were enrolled. Ninety-two (27%) patients described lower levels of support by family and friends. Nearly half of the participants (45%) noted the loss of at least one relationship due to the disease. Fears related to transmitting the disease (25%) were common and often associated with ignorance or even discrimination by others (19%). Nearly one fifth of the patients did not share information about their disease with others to avoid being stigmatized. Lower levels of social support were significantly associated with living alone, being unemployed, being excluded from antiviral therapy, having psychiatric comorbidities, contracting HCV through intravenous drug use, having high levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD and negative mood state as measured by the SIP. Patients reporting lower levels of social support also noted more physical symptoms as measured by the SIP. CONCLUSION: Patients with hepatitis C often face significant social problems, ranging from social isolation to familial stress. The most common concerns reflect a limited insight of patients and their relatives and friends about the disease, the risk factors for its spread, and about potential consequences. Our data suggest that educational interventions targeting support persons and the stressors identified in our findings may lessen or alleviate the social strains patients with hepatitis C experience. | Julie A Blasiole Laura Shinkunas Douglas R LaBrecque Robert M Arnold Susan L Zickmund | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，29： | 5 |
| 2 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Rotational relaxation measurements of laser excited Hydrogen fluoride显示文摘 | Peterson L M Lindgulst G H Arnold C B | 1974 | J Chem Phys1974，61，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Computational method to reduce the search space for directed protein evolution显示文摘 | Mayo S L Arnold F H | 2001 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001，98，： | 1 |
| 5 | The SWISS-MODEL Workspace; A web-based environment for protein structure homology modeling显示文摘 | Arnold K Bordoli L Kopp J | 2006 | Bioinformatics2006，22，2： | 1 |
| 6 | The SWISS-MODEL work- space: a web-based environment for protein structure homology modeling显示文摘 | Arnold K Bordoli L Kopp J | 2006 | Bioinformatics2006，22，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Impervious surface coverage: the emergence of a key environmental indicator显示文摘 | Arnold C L Gibbons C J | 1996 | Journal of the American Planning Association1996，62，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Transfer and origin of adaptations through natural hybridization:were Anderson and Stebbins right?显示文摘 | Arnold M L | 2004 | The Plant Cell Online2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 9 | The diabetes em- powerment scale 显示文摘 | Anderson RM Arnold MS Funnell MM et a l | 1995 | Diabetes Care1995，23，6： | 1 |
| 10 | High-Density Lipoprotein: Vascular Protective Effects, Dysfunction, and Potential as Therapeutic Target显示文摘 | Thomas F. Lüscher Ulf Landmesser Arnold von Eckardstein Alan M. Fogelman | 2014 | Circulation Research2014，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Prothrombotic and pro-oxidant effects of diet-induced hyperhomo-cysteinemial显示文摘 | SAULS D L ARNOLD E K BELL C W | 2007 | Thromb Res2007，120，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Persistent organic pollutant residues in human fetal liver and placenta from Greater Montreal, Quebec : a longitudinal study from 1998 through 2006 显示文摘 | Doucet J Tague B Arnold D L | 2009 | Environ Health Perspect2009，117，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscle fatigue decreases postural control显示文摘 | JOYCE C J PERRIN D H ARNOLD B L | 2001 | J Athl Train2001，36，： | 1 |
| 14 | Inflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury switch into antiinflammatory macrophages to support myogenesis 显示文摘 | Arnold L Henry A Poron F | 2007 | J Exp Med2007，204，5： | 1 |
| 15 | The SWISS-MODEL Work?space: A web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling显示文摘 | Arnold K Bordoli L Kopp 1 | 2006 | Bioinformatics2006，22，： | 1 |
| 16 | Serum amyloM P and cardiovascular disease in older men and women:results from the Cardiovascular Health Study显示文摘 | Jenny N S Arnold A M Kuller L H | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 17 | An XPS study of cerium dopants in sol-gel coatings for aluminum 2024-T3显示文摘 | Kasten L Grant J Grebasch N Voevodin N Arnold F Donley M | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 18 | The SWISS-MODEL workspaee: a web based environment for protein structure homology modelling显示文摘 | ARNOLD K BORDOLI L KOPP J | 2006 | Bioinformatics2006，22，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Gender differences in spontaneous cervical artery dissection 显示文摘 | Arnold M Kappeler L Georgiadis D | 2006 | Neurology2006，67，6： | 1 |
| 20 | The SWISS-MODEL workspaee: a web-based environment for protein structure ho- mology modelling显示文摘 | ARNOLD K BORDOLI L KOPP J | 2006 | Bioinformatics2006，22，2： | 1 |
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