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| 1 | Stem cell therapy for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction in primary hypogonadism显示文摘The production of testosterone occurs within the Leydig cells of the testes. When production fails at this level from either congenital, acquired, or systemic disorders,the result is primary hypogonadism. While numerous testosterone formulations have been developed, none are yet fully capable of replicating the physiological patterns of testosterone secretion. Multiple stem cell therapies to restore androgenic function of the testes are under investigation. Leydig cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and the testes have shown promise for future therapy for primary hypogonadism. In particular, the discovery and utilization of a group of progenitor stem cells within the testes, known as stem Leydig cells(SLCs), has led not only to a better understanding of testicular development, but of treatment as well. When combining this with an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to Leydig cell dysfunction, researchers and physicians will be able to develop stem cell therapies that target the specific step in the steroidogenic process that is deficient. The current preclinical studies highlight the complex nature of regenerating this steroidogenic process and the problems remain unresolved. In summary, there appears to be two current directions for stem cell therapy in male primary hypogonadism. The first method involves differentiating adult Leydig cells from stem cells of various origins from bone marrow, adipose, or embryonic sources. The second method involves isolating, identifying, and transplanting stem Leydig cells into testicular tissue. Theoretically, in-vivo re-activation of SLCs in men with primary hypogonadism due to age would be another alternative method to treat hypogonadism while eliminating the need for transplantation. | Taylor C Peak Nora M Haney William Wang Kenneth J DeLay Wayne J Hellstrom | 2016 | World Journal of Stem Cells2016，8，10： | 5 |
| 2 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 3 | Evolution of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke显示文摘Acute ischemic stroke(AIS) is a common medical problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of AIS patients meet eligibility criteria for intravenous thrombolysis(IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and its efficacy for large vessel occlusion is poor. Therefore, an increasing number of patients with AIS are being treated with endovascular mechanical thrombectomy when IVT is ineffective or contraindicated. Rapid advancement in catheter-based and endovascular device technology has led to significant improvements in rates of cerebral reperfusion with these devices. Stentrievers and modern aspiration catheters have now surpassed earlier generation devices in the degree and rapidity of revascularization. This progress has been achieved with no concurrent increase in risk of major complications or mortality, both when used alone or in combination with IVT. The initial randomized controlled trials comparing endovascular therapy to IVT for AIS failed to show superior outcomes with endovascular treatment, butkey limitations of each trial may limit the significance of these results to current practice. While endovascular devices and operator experience continue to evolve, we are optimistic that this will be accompanied by improvements in patient outcomes. This review highlights the major endovascular devices used in current practice and the trials which have investigated their efficacy. | Colin J Przybylowski Dale Ding Robert M Starke Christopher R Durst R Webster Crowley Kenneth C Liu | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，11： | 2 |
| 4 | A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic显示文摘 | Ma L Q Kenneth M K Tu C | 2001 | Nature2001，409，6820： | 1 |
| 5 | Recognition and management of cardiac arrhythmias显示文摘 | Simon C Kenneth M K | 1995 | Curr Probl Cardiol1995，20，2： | 1 |
| 6 | A finite element technique for the ultimate strength analysis of tubular joints 显示文摘 | William F C Kenneth M W | 1992 | Engineering Computations1992，9，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Numerical Modeling of Concrete Confined by Fiber-Reinforced Composites显示文摘 | Malvar L J Kenneth B M John E C | 2004 | Journal of Composites for Construction2004，8，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Type 2 diabetes in Children and adolescents:risk factors,diagnosis,and treatment显示文摘 | Kenneth C Becker D Gottschalk M | 2005 | Clinical Diabetes2005，23，： | 1 |
| 9 | Development and Validation of a Forced Choice Emotional Intelli- gence Measure for Chinese Respondents in Hong Kong 显示文摘 | Wong C S Kenneth S L Wong P M | 2004 | Asia Pacific Journal of Management2004，21，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data显示文摘 | Subhashis M Kenneth L C Laurent J M Ronald E C | 1998 | Geophysics1998，63，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Modeling thermally thick pyrolysis of wood 显示文摘 | KENNETH M B KENNETH W R RUTLAND C J | 2002 | Biomass and Bioenergy2002，22，： | 1 |
| 12 | A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic 显示文摘 | MA L Q KENNETH M K TU C | 2001 | Nature2001，409，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Rooting characteristics and associated drought resistance of zoysiagrass显示文摘 | Kenneth B M Engelke M C Morton S J | 1995 | Agron J1995，87，： | 1 |
| 14 | A fem that hyperaeeumulates arsenic 显示文摘 | Ma L Q Kenneth M K Tu C | 2001 | Nature2001，409，6820： | 1 |
| 15 | Impedance of the residential power-distribution circuit 显示文摘 | Roger M Vines H Joel Trussell Kenneth C Shuey | 1985 | IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility1985，27，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Adeno-associated virusmediated bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene therapy for in vivo bone formation显示文摘 | Keith D K Yan C Kenneth M C | 2003 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2003，308，： | 1 |
| 17 | Mandatory steroid testing of high school athletes:A synthesis of state ini- tiatives and federal constitutional rights显示文摘 | KENNETH J S KEITH M C SHANTEL R K | 2012 | J Legal Aspects Sport2012，，21： | 1 |
| 18 | Floc Morphology and Cyclic Shearing Recovery: Comparison of Alum and Polyaluminium Chloride Coagulants显示文摘 | Kevin M Kenneth C Dean G | 2004 | Water Res2004，38，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Carbon monitoring costs and their effect on incentives to sequester carbon through forestry显示文摘 | OSCAR J C RUSSELL M W KENNETH G M | 2004 | Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change2004，，154： | 1 |
| 20 | In vivo new bone formation by direct transfer of adenoviral-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene显示文摘 | Yan C Kenneth M C | 2002 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2002，298，1： | 1 |
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