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| 1 | AHA/ASA关于卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者卒中预防推荐的更新显示文摘在卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者卒中预防推荐发表以后,美国心脏协会和美国卒中协会(American Heart Association/American Stroke Association,AHA/ASA)著述委员会对最近的一些试验结果进行了回顾。本文的目的是对这些新资料做简要回顾、更新某些推荐意见并说明进行这些修改的理由。在2个领域已发表了一些新的重要临床试验结果:(1)在非心源性栓塞所致缺血性卒中或TIA患者卒中二级预防中具体抗血小板药的应用;(2)他汀类药物在预防卒中复发中的应用。 | Robert J. Adams Greg Albers Mark J. Alberts Oscar Benavente Karen Furie Larry B. Goldstein Philip Gorelick Jonathan Halperin Robert Harbaugh S. Claiborne Johnston Irene Katzan Margaret Kelly-Hayes Edgar J. Kenton Michael Marks Ralph L. Sacco Lee H. Schwamm 赵洪芹 李海峰 (译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，4： | 123 |
| 2 | 卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南显示文摘本指南旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活患者的卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐,包括危险因素的控制、动脉粥样硬化性疾病的于预、心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性栓塞性卒中的抗血小板治疗。另外,还对其他许多特殊情况下的复发性卒中预防提供了推荐意见,包括动脉夹层分离、卯圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、女性卒中(尤其是与妊娠和绝经后雌激素替代治疗相关性卒中)、脑出血后抗凝药的使用等,以及实施本指南及其在高危人群中应用的特定方法。 | Karen L. Furie Scott E. Kasner Robert J. Adams Gregory W. Albers Ruth L. Bush Susan C. Fagan Jonathan L. Halperin S. Claiborne Johnston Irene Katzan Walter N. Kernan Pamela H. Mitchell Bruce Ovbiagele Yuko Y. Palesch Ralph L. Sacco Lee H. Schwamm Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Tanya N. Turan Deidre Wentworth 李海峰(译) 刘涛(译) 杨潘(译) 王鹏(译) | 2011 | 国际脑血管病杂志2011，19，1： | 391 |
| 3 | Esophageal motility abnormalities in gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘Esophageal motility abnormalities are among the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The recent introduction in clinical and research practice of novel esophageal testing has markedly improved our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease, allowing a better management of patients with this disorder. In this context, the present article intends to provide an overview of the current literature about esophageal motility dysfunctions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophageal manometry, by recording intraluminal pressure, represents the gold standard to diagnose esophagealmotility abnormalities. In particular, using novel techniques, such as high resolution manometry with or without concurrent intraluminal impedance monitoring, transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations, hypotensive LES, ineffective esophageal peristalsis and bolus transit abnormalities have been better defined and strongly implicated in gastroesophageal reflux disease development. Overall, recent findings suggest that esophageal motility abnormalities are increasingly prevalent with increasing severity of reflux disease, from nonerosive reflux disease to erosive reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. Characterizing esophageal dysmotility among different subgroups of patients with reflux disease may represent a fundamental approach to properly diagnose these patients and, thus, to set up the best therapeutic management. Currently, surgery represents the only reliable way to restore the esophagogastric junction integrity and to reduce transient LES relaxations that are considered to be the predominant mechanism by which gastric contents can enter the esophagus. On that ground, more in depth future studies assessing the pathogenetic role of dysmotility in patients with reflux disease are warranted. | Irene Martinucci Nicola de Bortoli Maria Giacchino Giorgia Bodini Elisa Marabotto Santino Marchi Vincenzo Savarino Edoardo Savarino | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，2： | 24 |
| 4 | Helicobacter pylori associated gastric intestinal metaplasia:Treatment and surveillance显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world, particularly in East Asia. According to the Correa's cancer cascade, noncardia GC is usually developed through a series of mucosal changes from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic gastritis(AG), intestinal metaplasia(IM), dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Atrophic gastritis and IM are therefore generally considered to be pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is an important initiating and promoting step of this gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Emerging long-term data showed that eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of subsequent cancer development. It however remains confusing whether eradication of the bacterium in individuals with pre-neoplastic gastric lesions could regress these changes as well as in preventing cancer. Whilst H. pylori eradication could likely regress AG, the presence of IM may be a point of no return in this cascade. Hence, surveillance by endoscopy may be indicated in those with extensive IM or those with incomplete IM, particularly in populations with high GC risk. The optimal interval and the best tool of surveillance endoscopy remains to be determined in future studies. | Kevin Sze-Hang Liu Irene Oi-Ling Wong Wai K Leung | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 23 |
| 5 | Risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the protective effect of therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a major health problem worldwide, representing one of the leading causes of death. Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(CHB) is the most important etiologic factor of this tumor, accounting for the development of more than50% of the cases in the world. Primary prevention ofHCC is possible by hepatitis B vaccination conferring protection from HBV infection. However, according to the World Health Organization Hepatitis B Fact sheet N° 204(update of July 2014) globally there exists a large pool of > 240 million people chronically infected with HBV who are at risk for development of HCC. These individuals represent a target population for secondary prevention both of cirrhosis and of HCC. Since ongoing HBV replication in CHB is linked with the progression of the underlying liver disease to cirrhosis as well as with the development of HCC, effective antiviral treatment in CHB has also been evaluated in terms of secondary prevention of HCC. Currently, most patients with active CHB are subjected to long term treatment with the first line nucleos(t)ide analogues entecavir and tenofovir. These compounds are of high antiviral potency and have a high barrier to HBV resistance compared to lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil and even telbivudine. Many studies have shown that patients under antiviral treatment, especially those in virological remission, develop less frequently HCC compared to the untreated ones. However, the risk for development of HCC cannot be eliminated. Therefore, surveillance for the development of HCC of patients with chronic hepatitis B must be lifelong or until a time in the future when new treatments will be able to completely eradicate HBV from the liver particularly in the early stages of CHB infection. In this context, the aim of this review is to outline the magnitude of the risk for development of HCC among patients with CHB, in the various phases of the infection and in relation to virus, host and environmental factors as evaluated in the world literature. Moreover, the benefits of antiviral treatment of CHB with nucleos/tide analogs, which have changed the natural history of the disease and have reduced but not eliminated the risk of HCC are also reviewed. | Irene Rapti Stephanos Hadziyannis | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，8： | 20 |
| 6 | 《国际功能、残疾和健康分类·足跟痛/足底筋膜炎:2014修订版》临床实践指南显示文摘美国物理治疗协会(APTA)骨科分会一直致力于为世界卫生组织国际功能、残疾与健康分类(ICF)所描述的肌肉骨骼障碍患者的骨科物理治疗管理制定循证实践指南。修订临床实践指南的目的是回顾最近的同行评议文献,并对非关节炎足跟痛作出建议。 | Roy D.ALTMAN Paul BEATTIE Mark CORNWALL Irene DAVIS John DEWITT James ELLIOTT James J.IRRGANG Sandra KAPLAN Stephen PAULSETH Leslie TORBURN James ZACHAZEWSKI 韩云峰 苟艳芸 李萌 林志刚 王芗斌 张洁 | 2019 | 康复学报2019，29，1： | 20 |
| 7 | 粉煤灰地聚合物固封Cr^3+的FTIR和XPS研究显示文摘采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)研究了粉煤灰地聚合物固封Cr3+的机理。含Cr的污泥由人工合成,主要成分是Cr(OH)3。浸出试验采用ICP-AES方法,测试了固封Cr3+前后,粉煤灰地聚合物中Al和Si的浸出量;研究结果表明,掺入含Cr的污泥后,粉煤灰地聚合物中Si和Al元素的浸出量较不掺污泥时减少了,且浸出Si元素减少的幅度比浸出Al元素降低的幅度要大。FTIR结果显示,Cr3+的掺入削弱了粉煤灰地聚合物主峰的强度,增加了Si—O—Si和Al—O—Si的振动波数;XPS测试结果表明,O(1s),Si(2p)和Cr(2p)的结合能都有不同程度的改变,而Al(2p)的结合能几乎没有发生变化;结果揭示Cr3+参与了粉煤灰地聚合物中硅酸结构的聚合,粉煤灰地聚合物固封Cr3+,不仅仅只是物理性的包裹作用,而且主要是化学反应的结果。 | 刘斯凤 王培铭 李宗津 Irene M.-C.Lo | 2008 | 光谱学与光谱分析2008，28，1： | 17 |
| 8 | Acute kidney injury and post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation显示文摘In the past decades liver transplantation(LT) has become the treatment of choice for patients with end stage liver disease(ESLD). The chronic shortage of cadaveric organs for transplantation led to the utilization of a greater number of marginal donors such as older donors or donors after circulatory death(DCD). The improved survival of transplanted patients has increased the frequency of long-term complications, in particular chronic kidney disease(CKD). Acute kidney injury(AKI) post-LT has been recently recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence of denovo CKD in the long-term outcome. The onset of AKI post-LT is multifactorial, with pre-LT risk factors involved, including higher Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, more sever ESLD and pre-existing renal dysfunction, either with intra-operative conditions, in particular ischaemia reperfusion injury responsible for post-reperfusion syndrome(PRS) that can influence recipient's morbidity and mortality. Post-reperfusion syndrome-induced AKI is an important complication post-LT that characterizes kidney involvement caused by PRS with mechanisms not clearly understood and implication on graft and patient survival. Since preLT risk factors may influence intra-operative events responsible for PRS-induced AKI, we aim to consider all the relevant aspects involved in PRS-induced AKI in the setting of LT and to identify all studies that better clarified the specific mechanisms linking PRS and AKI. A Pub Med search was conducted using the terms liver transplantation AND acute kidney injury; liver transplantation AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation. Five hundred seventy four articles were retrieved on Pub Med search. Results were limited to title/abstract of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2015. Twenty-three studies were identified that specifically evaluated incidence, risk factors and outcome for patients developing PRS-induced AKI in liver transplantation. In order to identify intra-operative risk factors/mechanisms specifically involved in PRSinduced AKI, avoiding confounding factors, we have limited our study to 'acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation'. Accordingly, three out of five studies were selected for our purpose. | Ilaria Umbro Francesca Tinti Irene Scalera Felicity Evison Bridget Gunson Adnan Sharif James Ferguson Paolo Muiesan Anna Paola Mitterhofer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，42： | 16 |
| 9 | How many cases of laryngopharyngeal reflux suspected by laryngoscopy are gastroesophageal reflux disease-related?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in patients with a laryngoscopic diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR).METHODS:Between May 2011 and October 2011,41 consecutive patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms(LPS) and laryngoscopic diagnosis of LPR were empirically treated with proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) for at least 8 wk,and the therapeutic outcome was assessed through validated questionnaires(GERD impact scale,GIS;visual analogue scale,VAS).LPR diagnosis was performed by ear,nose and throat specialists using the reflux finding score(RFS) and reflux symptom index(RSI).After a 16-d wash-out from PPIs,all patients underwent an upper endoscopy,stationary esophageal manometry,24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH(MII-pH) esophageal monitoring.A positive correlation between LPR diagnosis and GERD was supposed based on the presence of esophagitis(ERD),pathological acid exposure time(AET) in the absence of esophageal erosions(NERD),and a positive correlation between symptoms and refluxes(hypersensitive esophagus,HE).RESULTS:The male/female ratio was 0.52(14/27),the mean age ± SD was 51.5 ± 12.7 years,and the mean body mass index was 25.7 ± 3.4 kg/m 2.All subjects reported one or more LPS.Twenty-five out of 41 patients also had typical GERD symptoms(heartburn and/or regurgitation).The most frequent laryngoscopic findings were posterior laryngeal hyperemia(38/41),linear indentation in the medial edge of the vocal fold(31/41),vocal fold nodules(6/41) and diffuse infraglottic oedema(25/41).The GIS analysis showed that 10/41 patients reported symptom relief with PPI therapy(P < 0.05);conversely,23/41 did not report any clinical improvement.At the same time,the VAS analysis showed a significant reduction in typical GERD symptoms after PPI therapy(P < 0.001).A significant reduction in LPS symptoms.On the other hand,such result was not recorded for LPS.Esophagitis was detected in 2/41 patients,and ineffective esophageal motility was found in 3/41 patients.The MII-pH analysis showed an abnormal AET in 5/41 patients(2 ERD and 3 NERD);11/41 patients had a normal AET and a positive association between symptoms and refluxes(HE),and 25/41 patients had a normal AET and a negative association between symptoms and refluxes(no GERD patients).It is noteworthy that HE patients had a positive association with typical GERD-related symptoms.Gas refluxes were found more frequently in patients with globus(29.7 ± 3.6) and hoarseness(21.5 ± 7.4) than in patients with heartburn or regurgitation(7.8 ± 6.2).Gas refluxes were positively associated with extraesophageal symptoms(P < 0.05).Overall,no differences were found among the three groups of patients in terms of the frequency of laryngeal signs.The proximal reflux was abnormal in patients with ERD/NERD only.The differences observed by means of MII-pH analysis among the three subgroups of patients(ERD/NERD,HE,no GERD) were not demonstrated with the RSI and RFS.Moreover,only the number of gas refluxes was found to have a significant association with the RFS(P = 0.028 andP = 0.026,nominal and numerical correlation,respectively).CONCLUSION:MII-pH analysis confirmed GERD diagnosis in less than 40% of patients with previous diagnosis of LPR,most likely because of the low specificity of the laryngoscopic findings. | Nicola de Bortoli Andrea Nacci Edoardo Savarino Irene Martinucci Massimo Bellini Bruno Fattori Linda Ceccarelli Francesco Costa Maria Gloria Mumolo Angelo Ricchiuti Vincenzo Savarino Stefano Berrettini Santino Marchi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 11 |
| 10 | Epstein-Barr病毒相关疾病的IgG/Z抗体检测显示文摘血清中Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)的IgG/Z抗体对鼻咽癌和传染性单核细胞增多症是较特异的,其阳性率分别为85.7%和84%。50%的伯基特淋巴瘤病人亦有IgG/Z抗体。正常人则没有,但有IgG/VCA等抗体,表明IgG/Z抗体在初次感染后是容易消失的。Z抗原与EBV复制相关,故IgG/Z抗体对鼻咽癌不仅有诊断意义,还可能有预后的意义。 | 曾毅 Jean-claude Nicolas Guy Schwaab Guy de The Bernard Clausse Thomas Tursz Irene Joab | 1992 | 病毒学报1992，8，3： | 11 |
| 11 | Endoscopic features of gastro-intestinal lymphomas: From diagnosis to follow-up显示文摘Many progresses have been done in the management of gastrointestinal(GI) lymphomas during last decades, especially after the discovery of Helicobacter pylori-dependent lymphoma development. The stepwise implementation of new endoscopic techniques, by means of echoendoscopy or double-balloon enteroscopy, enabled us to more precisely describe the endoscopic features of GI lymphomas with substantial contribution in patient management and in tailoring the treatment strategy with organ preserving approaches. In this review, we describe the recent progresses in GI lymphoma management from disease diagnosis to follow-up with a specific focus on the endoscopic presentation according to the involved site and the lymphoma subtype. Additionally, new or emerging endoscopic technologies that have an impact on the management of gastrointestinal lymphomas are reported. We here discuss the two most common subtypes of GI lymphomas: the mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue and the diffuse large B cell lymphoma. A general outline on the state-of-the-art of the disease and on the role of endoscopy in both diagnosis and follow-up will be performed. | Calogero Vetro Alessandra Romano Irene Amico Concetta Conticello Giovanna Motta Amalia Figuera Annalisa Chiarenza Cosimo Di Raimondo Giorgio Giulietti Giacomo Bonanno Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo Francesco Di Raimondo | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 10 |
| 12 | A case of hepatocellular carcinoma arising within large focal nodular hyperplasia with review of the literature显示文摘Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a relatively rare benign hepatic tumor, usually presenting as a solitary lesion; however, multiple localizations have also been described. The association of FNH with other hepatic lesions, such as adenomas and haemangiomas has been reported by various authors. We herein report a case of a hepatocellular carcinoma arising within a large focal nodular hyperplasia, in a young female patient. | Theodoros Petsas Athanasios Tsamandas Irene Tsota Dionisios Karavias Chrysoula Karatza Vassilios Vassiliou Dimitrios Kardamakis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，40： | 10 |
| 13 | Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries显示文摘It is believed that human ancestors evolved the ability to run bipedally approximately 2 million years ago. This form of locomotion may have been important to our survival and likely has influenced the evolution of our body form. As our bodies have adapted to run, it seems unusual that up to 79% of modern day runners are injured annually. The etiology of these injuries is clearly multifactorial. However, 1 aspect of running that has significantly changed over the past 50 years is the footwear we use. Modern running shoes have become increasingly cushioned and supportive, and have changed the way we run. In particular, they have altered our footstrike pattern from a predominantly forefoot strike(FFS) landing to a predominantly rearfoot strike(RFS) landing. This change alters the way in which the body is loaded and may be contributing to the high rate of injuries runners experience while engaged in an activity for which they were adapted. In this paper, we will examine the benefits of barefoot running(typically an FFS pattern),and compare the lower extremity mechanics between FFS and RFS. The implications of these mechanical differences, in terms of injury, will be discussed. We will then provide evidence to support our contention that FFS provides an optimal mechanical environment for specific foot and ankle structures, such as the heel pad, the plantar fascia, and the Achilles tendon. The importance of footwear will then be addressed, highlighting its interaction with strike pattern on mechanics. This analysis will underscore why footwear matters when assessing mechanics. Finally, proper preparation and safe transition to an FFS pattern in minimal shoes will be emphasized. Through the discussion of the current literature, we will develop a justification for returning to running in the way for which we were adapted to reduce running-related injuries. | Irene S.Davis Hannah M.Rice Scott C.Wearing | 2017 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2017，6，2： | 10 |
| 14 | Association of autoimmune type atrophic corpus gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection显示文摘AIM:To study the association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and autoimmune type atrophic gastritis. METHODS:Twenty-three patients with different grades of atrophic gastritis were analysed using enzyme immunoassay-based serology,immunoblot-based serology,and histology to reveal a past or a present H.pylori infection.In addition,serum markers for gastric atrophy(pepsinogenⅠ,pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱand gastrin)and autoimmunity[parietal cell antibodies(PCA), and intrinsic factor(IF),antibodies]were determined. RESULTS:Of the 14 patients with severe gastricatrophy,as demonstrated by histology and serum markers,and no evidence for an ongoing H.pylori infection,eight showed H.pylori antibodies by immunoblotting.All eight had elevated PCA and 4/8 also had IF antibodies.Of the six immunoblot-negative patients with severe corpus atrophy,PCA and IF antibodies were detected in four.Among the patients with low to moderate grade atrophic gastritis(all except one with an ongoing H.pylori infection),serum markers for gastric atrophy and autoimmunity were seldom detected.However,one H.pylori negative patient with mild atrophic gastritis had PCA and IF antibodies suggestive of a pre-atrophic autoimmune gastritis. CONCLUSION:Signs of H.pylori infection in autoimmune gastritis,and positive autoimmune serum markers in H.pylori gastritis suggest an etiological role for H.pylori in autoimmune gastritis. | Lea Irene Veijola Aino Mirjam Oksanen Pentti Ilmari Sipponen Hilpi Iris Kaarina Rautelin | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，1： | 10 |
| 15 | Factors associated with post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage: 303 consecutive cases analysis显示文摘 | GAO Qing-xiang LEE Hua-yu WU Wen-han GAO Song YANG Yin-mo MA Irene Teting CAI Meng-shan | 2012 | Chinese Medical Journal2012，，9： | 10 |
| 16 | Graph Regularized L_p Smooth Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Data Representation显示文摘This paper proposes a Graph regularized Lpsmooth non-negative matrix factorization(GSNMF) method by incorporating graph regularization and L_p smoothing constraint, which considers the intrinsic geometric information of a data set and produces smooth and stable solutions. The main contributions are as follows: first, graph regularization is added into NMF to discover the hidden semantics and simultaneously respect the intrinsic geometric structure information of a data set. Second,the Lpsmoothing constraint is incorporated into NMF to combine the merits of isotropic(L_2-norm) and anisotropic(L_1-norm)diffusion smoothing, and produces a smooth and more accurate solution to the optimization problem. Finally, the update rules and proof of convergence of GSNMF are given. Experiments on several data sets show that the proposed method outperforms related state-of-the-art methods. | Chengcai Leng Hai Zhang Guorong Cai Irene Cheng Anup Basu | 2019 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2019，6，2： | 9 |
| 17 | Therapeutic approaches for portal biliopathy: A systematic review显示文摘Portal biliopathy(PB) is defined as the presence of biliary abnormalities in patients with non-cirrhotic/nonneoplastic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction(EHPVO) and portal cavernoma(PC). The pathogenesis of PB is due to ab extrinseco compression of bile ducts by PC and/or to ischemic damage secondary to an altered biliary vascularization in EHPVO and PC. Although asymptomatic biliary abnormalities can be frequently seen by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with PC(77%-100%), only a part of these(5%-38%) are symptomatic. Clinical presentation includes jaundice, cholangitis, cholecystitis, abdominal pain, and cholelithiasis. In this subset of patients is required a specific treatment. Different therapeutic approaches aimed to diminish portal hypertension and treat biliary strictures are available. In order to decompress PC, surgical porto-systemic shunt or transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt can be performed, and treatment on the biliary stenosis includes endoscopic(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy, balloon dilation, stone extraction, stent placement) and surgical(bilioenteric anastomosis, cholecystectomy) approaches. Definitive treatment of PB often requires multiple and combined interventions both on vascular and biliary system. Liver transplantation can be considered in patients with secondary biliary cirrhosis, recurrent cholangitis or unsuccessful control of portal hypertension. | Irene Franceschet Alberto Zanetto Alberto Ferrarese Patrizia Burra Marco Senzolo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，45： | 9 |
| 18 | Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Several studies indicate a significant degree of overlap between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Likewise,both functional heartburn(FH)and IBS are functional digestive disorders that may occur in the same patients.However,data establishing a solid link between FH and IBS are lacking,mainly because the clinical definition of FH has undergone substantial changes over the years.The available literature on the overlap between GERD or FH and IBS highlights considerable heterogeneity in terms of the criteria and diagnostic procedures used to assess heartburn and IBS.In particular,several epidemiological studies included patients with concomitant IBS and GERD without any attempt to distinguish FH(as defined by the RomeⅢcriteria)from GERD via pathophysiological investigations.Independent of these critical issues,there is preliminary evidence supporting a significantdegree of FH-IBS overlap.This underscores the need for studies based on updated diagnostic criteria and accurate pathophysiological classifications,particularly to distinguish FH from GERD.This distinction would represent an essential starting point to achieving a better understanding of pathophysiology in the subclasses of patients with GERD and FH and properly assessing the different degrees of overlap between IBS and the subcategories of heartburn.The present review article intends to appraise and critically discuss current evidence supporting a possible concomitance of GERD or FH with IBS in the same patients and to highlight the pathophysiological relationships between these disorders. | Nicola de Bortoli Irene Martinucci Massimo Bellini Edoardo Savarino Vincenzo Savarino Corrado Blandizzi Santino Marchi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 9 |
| 19 | Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with quaternary ammonium and its application for Cr(Ⅵ) and P(Ⅴ) removal显示文摘Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment.Compared to cationic pollutants,the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments.In this study,a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties(QM-chitosan)was prepared and employed to remove chromium(VI)and phosphorus(V)(Cr(VI)and P(V))from aqueous environments.The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDX)and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr(VI)and P(V),and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction.A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr(VI)and P(V)removal.The adsorption isotherms of both Cr(VI)and P(V)on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation.The saturated adsorption capacity of P(V)(2.783 mmol/g)was found to be higher than that of Cr(VI)(2.323 mmol/g),resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions.However,the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr(VI)than P(V).The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated,and high regeneration rates were demonstrated. | Wei Yao Pinhua Rao Irene M.C.Lo Wenqi Zhang Wenrui Zheng | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，12： | 9 |
| 20 | Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate:Batch uptake behavior显示文摘Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH,Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests.The presence of arsenate reduced the removal efficiency of chromium by Fe(II),while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal efficiency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6-8.In the absence of arsenate,chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH.The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions.Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 μmol/L arsenate.The presence of 20 μmol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9-5.8,but had detrimental effects at pH 6.7-9.8.Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4-9 due to the presence of 10 μmol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20-60 μmol/L.Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 μmol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0-4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30-60 μmol/L. | Xiaohong Guan Haoran Dong Jun Ma Irene M. C. Lo | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，3： | 8 |
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