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| 1 | Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2,p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer显示文摘INTRODUCTIONIn China ,the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer rank the second among all cancers. Recent development of cancer [1-20].The aim of this study was investigat the insight of apoptosis and bcl-2, p53 and C-myc protein expression in the development of gastric cancer . | An Gao Xu Shao Guang Li Ji Hong Liu Ai Hua Gan Research Laboratory of Digestive Disease,Huizhou Central People’s Hospital,Huizhou 516001,Guangdong Province,ChinaDr.An Gao Xu graduated from Guangdong Medical College in 1984.He is an associate physician-in-chief,specializing in the research and treatment of gastrointestinal and liver tumors.He has published 24 papers and 1 book. | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，3： | 91 |
| 2 | Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover on the Chinese Loess Plateau(1981―2006):Impacts of climate changes and human activities显示文摘Spatiotemporal variations of Chinese Loess Plateau vegetation cover during 1981-2006 have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data and the cause of vegetation cover changes has been analyzed, considering the climate changes and human activities. Vegetation cover changes on the Loess Plateau have experienced four stages as follows: (1) vegetation cover showed a continued increasing phase during 1981―1989; (2) vegetation cover changes came into a relative steady phase with small fluctuations during 1990―1998; (3) vegetation cover declined rapidly during 1999―2001; and (4) vegetation cover increased rapidly during 2002―2006. The vegetation cover changes of the Loess Plateau show a notable spatial difference. The vegetation cover has obviously increased in the Inner Mongolia and Ningxia plain along the Yellow River and the ecological rehabilitated region of Ordos Plateau, however the vegetation cover evidently decreased in the hilly and gully areas of Loess Plateau, Liupan Mountains region and the northern hillside of Qinling Mountains. The response of NDVI to climate changes varied with different vegetation types. NDVI of sandy land vegetation, grassland and cultivated land show a significant increasing trend, but forest shows a decreasing trend. The results obtained in this study show that the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover are the outcome of climate changes and human activities. Temperature is a control factor of the seasonal change of vegetation growth. The increased temperature makes soil drier and unfavors vegetation growth in summer, but it favors vegetation growth in spring and autumn because of a longer growing period. There is a significant correlation between vegetation cover and precipitation and thus, the change in precipitation is an important factor for vegetation variation. The improved agricultural production has resulted in an increase of NDVI in the farmland, and the implementation of large-scale vegetation construction has led to some beneficial effect in ecology. | XIN ZhongBao1,2, XU JiongXin1 & ZHENG Wei1, 2 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，1： | 112 |
| 3 | Inhibiting effect of antisense oligonucleotides phosphorthioate on gene expression of TIMP-1 in rat liver fibrosis显示文摘AIM To observe the inhibition of antisenseoligonucleotides (asON) phosphorthioate to thetissue inhibitors metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)gene and protein expression in the liver tissue ofimmunologically induced hepatic fibrosis rats.The possibility of reversing hepatic fibrosisthrough gene therapy was observed.METHODS Human serum albumin (HSA) wasused to attack rats, as hepatic fibrosis model, inwhich asONs were used to block the gene andprotein expressing TIMP-1. According to theanalysis of modulator, structure protein, codingseries of TIMP-1 genome, we designed fourdifferent asONs. These asONs were injected intothe hepatic fibrosis models through coccygealvein. The results was observed by RT-PCR formeasuring TIMP-1 mRNA expression,immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridizationfor collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ, special staining of collagenfiber, and electron microscopic examination.RESULTS Hepatic fibrosis could last within 363days in our modified model. The expressinglevel of TIMP-1 was high during hepatic fibrosisprocess. It has been proved by theimmunohistochemical and the electronmicroscopic examination that the asONphosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could exactly expressin vivo. The effect of colchicine wasdemonstrated to inhibit the expressing level ofmRNA and the content of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ in theliver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats.However, the electron microscopy research andthe pathologic grading of hepatic fibrosisshowed that there was no significant differencebetween the treatment group and the modelgroup (P>0.05).CONCLUSION The experimental rat model ofhepatic fibrosis is one of the preferable modelsto estimate the curative effect of anti-hepaticfibrosis drugs. The asON phosphorthioate ofTIMP-1 could block the gene and proteinexpression of TIMP-1 in the liver of experimentalhepatic fibrosis rats at the mRNA level. It ispossible to reverse hepatic fibrosis, and it isexpected to study a new drug of anti-hepaticfibrosis on the genetic level. Colchicine has verylimited therapeutic effect on hepatic fibrosis,furthermore, its toxicity and side effects areobvious. | Qing He Nie Yong Qian Cheng Yu Mei Xie Yong Xing Zhou Yi Zhan Cao The Center of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of PLA,Tangdu Hospital,Forth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi Province,ChinaDr,Qing He Nie graduated from Qinghai Medical College as a doctor in 1983,got master degree at Beijing 302 Army Hospital in 1993,got doctor degree at the Third Military Medical University in 1998,engaged in postdoctoral research at the Fourth Military Medical University from 1998 to 2000,now an associate professor,specialized in clinical and experimental research of infectious diseases,had more than 90 papers published,coauthor of ten books,first author of one book. | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，3： | 73 |
| 4 | SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology of early Mesozoic felsic igneous rocks from the southern Lancangjiang and its tectonic implications显示文摘The SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology of three typical samples, including two monzo nitic granites from the Lincang batholith and a rhyolite from the Manghuai Formation are presented in the southern Lancangjiang, western Yunnan Province. The analyses of zircons for the biotite monzonitic granites from the northern (02DX-137) and southern (20JH-10) Lincang batholith show the single and tight clusters on the concordia, and yield the weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 229.4 ± 3.0 Ma and 230.4 ± 3.6 Ma, respectively, representing the crystallized ages of these granites. The zircons for the rhyolitic sample (02DX-95) from the Manghuai Formation give a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 231.0 ± 5.0 Ma. These data suggest that the igneous rocks from the Lincang granitic batholith and Manghuai Formation have a similar crystallized age. In combination with other data, it is inferred that both were generated at a narrow age span (~230 Ma) and were originated from the postcollisional tectonic regime. An early Proterozoic 206Pb/238U apparent age of 1977±44 Ma is additionally obtained from one zircon from the biotite monzonitic granite (southern Lincang batholith), indicative of devel- opment of the early Proterozoic Yangtze basement in the region. These precisely geochronological data provide important constraints on better understanding the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tethys, western Yunnan Province. | PENG Touping1,2, WANG Yuejun1, FAN Weiming1, LIU Dunyi3, SHI Yuruo3 & MIAO Laicheng4 1. Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3. SHRIMP isotope Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China 4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，10： | 55 |
| 5 | Energy balance closure at ChinaFLUX sites显示文摘Network of eddy covariance observation is measuring long-term carbon and water fluxes in contrasting ecosystems and climates. As one important reference of independently evaluating scalar flux estimates from eddy covariance, energy balance closure is used widely in study of carbon and water fluxes. Energy balance closure in ChinaFLUX was evaluated by statistical regression of turbulent energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, soil heat flux, canopy heat storage) and the energy balance ratio (EBR) and the frequency distribution of relative errors of energy balance (δ). The trends of diurnal and seasonal variation of energy balance in ChinaFLUX were analyzed. The results indicated that the imbalance was prevalent in all observation sites, but there were little differences among sites because of the properties variation of sites. The imbalance was greater during nocturnal periods than daytime and closure was improved with friction velocity intensifying. Generally the results suggested that estimates of the scalar turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat were underestimated and/or that available energy was overestimated. Finally, we discussed certain factors that are contributed to the imbalance of energy, such as systematic errors associated with the sampling mismatch, systematic instrument bias, neglected energy sinks, low and high frequency loss of turbulent fluxes and advection of heat and water vapor. | LI Zhengquan, YU Guirui, WEN Xuefa, ZHANG Leiming, REN Chuanyou & FU Yuling Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 50 |
| 6 | Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring显示文摘The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres. | FAN Ke1,2,3 & WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，5： | 36 |
| 7 | A new principle of synthetic cascade utilization of chemical energy and physical energy显示文摘We propose a new principle of the cascade utilization of both chemical energy and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles. Particularly, a general equation of energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy is explicitly founded. On the basis of this equation, a chemical-looping combustion and an indirect combustion are investigated. Furthermore, a mechanism of energy release, with the combination of decreasing the energy level of Gibbs free energy and upgrading the energy level of low or middle- temperature thermal energy, is clarified. The promising results obtained here establish a theoretical basis for the further investigation of multi-function systems in which energy and the environment are compatible, and create a new approach to improve the performance of traditional thermal cycles. | JIN Hongguang1, HONG Hui1,2, WANG Baoqun1,2, HAN Wei1,2 & LIN Rumou1,2 1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2005，48，2： | 35 |
| 8 | Temperature variations in the past 6000 years inferred from δ^(18)O of peat cellulose from Hongyuan,China显示文摘Trends of the temperature variations recorded in δ18O in Hongyuan peat cellulose are similar to those recorded in δ18O of Jinchuan peat cellulose and in δ18O of Dunde ice core. Climate events have been identified to be globally homogeneous. Two notable climate transition periods have been detected in the past 6000 years, namely 4000 aBP with climate shifting from cold to warm and 1500 aBP with climate shifting from warm to relatively cold. Power spectrum analysis was performed to investigate the periodical signals in the δ18O time series. Typical periodicities of 1200-1087 a, 752 a, 444 a, 325 a, 213 a, 127-123 a, 88 a, 79 a were discovered, indicating an integrated influence on Hongyuan climate from solar, monsoon and ocean activities. Solar forcing has been addressed to be the main driving forcing of Hongyuan climate. | XU Hai, HONG Yetang, LIN Qinghua, HONG Bing, JIANG Hongbo & ZHU YongxuanInstitute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，18： | 31 |
| 9 | Review on the study of entanglement in quantum computation speedup显示文摘The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,while others claim that the presence of entanglement is not a necessary condition for some quantum algorithms. This paper discusses this problem systematically. Simulating quantum computation with classical resources is analyzed and entanglement in known algorithms is reviewed. It is concluded that the presence of entanglement is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the pure state or pseudo-pure state quantum computation speedup. The case with the mixed state remains open. Further work on quantum computation will benefit from the presented results. | DING ShengChao1,3 & JIN Zhi1,2,1 Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China 2 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，16： | 34 |
| 10 | Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia显示文摘Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113 sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 1385.2 g/m2, respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2 and a BGB of 301.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak. | MA WenHong1,2, YANG YuanHe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2 & FANG JingYun1 1 Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Environment & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，3： | 34 |
| 11 | Changes in plant biomass and species composition of alpine Kobresia meadows along altitudinal gradient on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Alpine Kobresia meadows are major vegetation types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. There is growing concern over their relationships among biodiversity, productivity and environments. Despite the im-portance of species composition, species richness, the type of different growth forms, and plant bio-mass structure for Kobresia meadow ecosystems, few studies have been focused on the relationship between biomass and environmental gradient in the Kobresia meadow plant communities, particularly in relation to soil moisture and edaphic gradients. We measured the plant species composition, her-baceous litter, aboveground and belowground biomass in three Kobresia meadow plant communities in Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station from 2001 to 2004. Community differences in plant species composition were reflected in biomass distribution. The total biomass showed a de-crease from 13196.96±719.69 g/m2 in the sedge-dominated K. tibetica swamp to 2869.58±147.52 g/m2 in the forb and sedge dominated K. pygmaea meadow, and to 2153.08±141.95 g/m2 in the forbs and grasses dominated K. humilis along with the increase of altitude. The vertical distribution of below-ground biomass is distinct in the three meadow communities, and the belowground biomass at the depth of 0-10 cm in K. tibetica swamp meadow was significantly higher than that in K. humilis and K. pygmaea meadows (P<0.01). The herbaceous litter in K. tibetica swamp was significantly higher than those in K. pygnaeca and K. humilis meadows. The effects of plant litter are enhanced when ground water and soil moisture levels are raised. The relative importance of litter and vegetation may vary with soil water availability. In the K. tibetica swamp, total biomass was negatively correlated to species richness (P<0.05); aboveground biomass was positively correlated to soil organic matter, soil moisture, and plant cover (P<0.05); belowground biomass was positively correlated with soil moisture (P<0.05). However, in the K. pygnaeca and K. humilis meadow communities, aboveground biomass was posi-tively correlated to soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen (P<0.05). This suggests that the distribu-tion of biomass coincided with soil moisture and edaphic gradient in alpine meadows. | WANG ChangTing1,3, CAO GuangMin1, WANG QiLan1, JING ZengChun1, DING LuMing1 & LONG RuiJun2 1 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China 2 College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 31 |
| 12 | New research progress on the ultrastructure of tectonically deformed coals显示文摘The structure of tectonically deformed coals shows some characteristics and regulations on the ultra-scale when influenced by different factors such as temperature,pressure and directional stress.Deformations of the macromolecular structure may induce changes in the nano-scale pore structure,which are very important for gas adsorption and pervasion.The geological impact of different mechanisms of deformation on different types of ultrastructure of tectonically deformed coals is not only of significance as a topic for scientific research, but also in studying environments of metamorphism-deformation at differing metamorphic stages.This research is also very important in studying the accumulation and occurrence conditions of coalbed methane gas,mechanisms of coal and gas outbursts,predictions of coalbed methane resources and dangers of coal and gas outbursts.This paper analyzes current research,within China and other countries, in the ultrastructure of tectonically deformed coals.The research includes(1) structural models of tectonically deformed coals;(2) the relationship between ultrastructure and stress;(3) the structure of tectonically deformed coals and its strain environment.These results are also based on our own experiments including vitirnite reflectance(R_(o,max)),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR(CP/MAS + TOSS)).We discuss the important effects of the structure of tectonically deformed coals and their physical properties,and then point out some problems concerning the research progress of tectonically deformed coals. | Yiwen Ju,Xiaoshi Li Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics,College of Earth Science,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，11： | 29 |
| 13 | Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere显示文摘The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine. | JU Yiwen1,2, WANG Guiliang2, JIANG Bo2 & HOU Quanlin1 1. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 2. College of Mineral Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，5： | 28 |
| 14 | Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and petrogenesis of the plagiogranites from the Lagkor Lake ophiolite,Gerze,Tibet,China显示文摘地关系与 petrographical 一起, petrological ,和 geochemicalcharacteristics ,和锆石人口,显示从在 Bangong-Nujiang 缝术地区的 Lagkor Lakeophiolite 的 plagiogranites (~ Gerze 县的 20 km 南方,中央西藏,中国),由在海洋的外壳的运输期间的可锻的砍源于含水的斑粝岩的 anatexis 。因此,这种 plagiogranite 比传播海洋的外壳晚对或很少同时代。锆石虾 166 ±使 2.5 妈变老因为 plagiogranites 显示海洋的盆在中间的侏罗记在 Bangong-Nujiang 地区的西方的部分存在。 | ZHANG YuXiu1,2, ZHANG KaiJun1,3, LI Bing1,2, WANG Yang1,2, WEI QingGuo1,2 & TANG XianChun1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2 Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，5： | 27 |
| 15 | Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ^(18)O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The δ 18O variation in precipitation acquired from 28 stations within the network of Tibetan Observation and Research Platform(TORP)is studied, with the focus on the altitude effect of δ 18O in river water during monsoon precipitation in an effort to understand the monsoon influence on isotopic composition in annual river water. It is found that δ 18O in precipitation on the Plateau is influenced by different moisture sources, with significant Indian monsoon influence on δ 18O composition in plateau precipitation and river water. The δ 18O of water bodies in the monsoon domain is generally more depleted than that in the westerly domain, suggesting gradual rainout of southwesterly borne marine moisture in the course of long-distance transportation and lifting over the Himalayas. The lapse rate of δ 18O in river water with altitude is the largest during monsoon precipitation, due to the increased temperature vertical gradient over the southern Plateau region controlled by monsoon circulation. The combination of δ 18O in river water in monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) seasons shows a larger lapse rate than that in non-monsoon (dry) season alone. As the altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water on the Tibetan Plateau results from the combined effect of monsoon moisture supply and westerly moisture supply, the δ 18O composition and its altitude effect on the Plateau during monsoon seasons should be considered in the reconstruction of paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau. | YAO TanDong1,2, ZHOU Hang1,3 & YANG XiaoXin1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，16： | 28 |
| 16 | Tectonic evolution of the Dabieshan orogen: In the view from polyphase deformation of the Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone显示文摘The Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone was formed by the Early Mesozoic collision of the North and South China Blocks. It consisted of the Foziling and Luzhenguan complexes and was thought to have never afforded a deep subduction. A similar feature of the deformation in the Dabieshan UHP metamorphic rocks implies that these different tectonic units share the same geodynamic background. The early stage of deformation can be preserved on account of their relatively shallower subduction than that for UHP rocks. On the basis of an analysis of the geo- logical structure and geochronological results, five deformational stages have been recognized: a D1-Early compressional deformation which represents the continental subduction; a D2-Early exhumation deformation producing a syn-convergence exhumation; a D3-Main deformation, represented by an exhumation deformation with Late Triassic age; a D4-Doming and its margin extensional gravity collapse deformation and finally a D5-regional extensional deformation of Cretaceous that was mostly introduced by the migmatization and plutonism. | LIN Wei1, 2, Faure Michel3, WANG Qingchen1 & Arnaud Nicolas4 1. LTE, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan 3. ISTO, UMR CNRS 6113, Batiment Géosciences, Orléans Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France 4. UMR 6524 'Magmas et Volcans', 5 Rue Kessler, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 25 |
| 17 | Rate of strong consistency of quasi maximum likelihood estimate in generalized linear models显示文摘 | YUE Li & CHEN Xiru School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2004 | Science China Mathematics2004，47，6： | 25 |
| 18 | The influence of moderate ENSO on summer rainfall in eastern China and its comparison with strong ENSO显示文摘The 6 major ENSO events since 1979 are classified into the strong and moderate ENSO based on in-tensity. The composite analysis is performed to reveal the influence of ENSO on East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and summer rainfall in eastern China. It is shown that the influence is changed with the seasonal cycle in summer, with a weaker influence in June and a stronger influence in August, in-dicating a long lagged effect of ENSO on EASM. Besides, the circulation and rainfall anomalies caused by the strong ENSO are also stronger with an earlier starting time, while the influence of the moderate ENSO is evident in August. The composite summer rainfall in eastern China for the moderate ENSO exhibits a northern rainfall pattern, which is totally different from the classical ENSO-type rainfall pat-tern. Based on the composite analysis, two moderate ENSO years with a similar intensity (i.e., 1995 and 2003) are compared. The result shows that, the response of EASM to the moderate ENSO during June and July is, to a certain degree, modulated by the circulation systems in mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and in the Southern Hemisphere, thereby inducing a different rainfall distribution in eastern China. In comparison with the strong ENSO in 1983, it is further revealed that, the strong ENSO plays a dominant role in summer rainfall anomalies in eastern China as well as in controlling the influence of the other factors on EASM. The strong ENSO is therefore different with the moderate ENSO. | XUE Feng1 & LIU ChangZheng1,2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，5： | 25 |
| 19 | Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu显示文摘Through man-made disturbance experiments, the corresponding relationships be-tween suspended particulate matter (SPM) and wind speed in different lake areas were simu-lated, the physicochemical formal transformation and biological mineralizing and decaying processes of phosphorus in SPM were studied, the contribution of phosphorus transformation to phosphorus loading of the water of Lake Taihu was quantitatively estimated. The results show that about 0.44 t·a-1 loading in Lake Taihu mainly comes from phosphorus-releasing action of SPM in physicochemical transformed to soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and the contribution mainly from biological mineralizing and decaying was about 425.8 t·a-1, which is equal to 15.0% of the total external loading of Lake Taihu, namely 4.7—7.5 times as much as SRP loading en-tering the lake by the rivers; thus it is the important source in dynamical internal loading of the lake. The determining factors for dynamical internal loading in lakes are organic phosphorus content in suspended solid and its biological transition availability. | FAN Chengxin1, ZHANG Lu1,2, QIN Boqiang1, WANG Sumin1, HU Weiping1 & ZHANG Chen1 1. Taihu Lake Laboratory for Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，8： | 24 |
| 20 | Relationship and its instability of ENSO--Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells显示文摘Monthly data of Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1951 to 2000 are calculated using historical precipitation and temperature data for Chinese 160 stations. Temporal and spatial pat-terns of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the PDSI reveals a fairly linear trend resulting from trends in precipitation and surface temperature, which is similar to the linear PDSI trend during 1951―2000 calculated using all monthly data. The EOF analysis also reveals that the leading mode correlates significantly with ENSO events in time and space. The ENSO EOF shows that during the typical warm phase of ENSO, surface conditions are drier in most regions of China, especially North China, but wetter than normal in the southern regions of Changjiang River, and Northwest China. During the typical cold phase of ENSO, these anomalies reverse sign. From 1951 to 2000, there are large multi-year to decadal variations in droughts and wet spells over China, which are all closely related to strong El Nio events. In other words, when one strong El Nio event happens, there is a possible big variability in droughts and wet spells over China on the multi-year or decadal scale. Studies also sug-gest that during the last 2―3 decades climate changes over China, especially North China's drying and northwest China's wetting, are closely related to the shift in ENSO towards warmer events and global warming since the late 1970s. The instability of the relationship is also studied. It is revealed that there is a good correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells in the 3―8-year band, but the correlation between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is instable. Studies suggest that there are decadal changes in the correlation: the wavelet coherency between ENSO and Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells is high during 1951―1962 and 1976―1991, but low during 1963―1975 and 1992―2000. | SU MingFeng1,2 & WANG HuiJun1 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，1： | 24 |
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