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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Barrett's esophagus:Prevalence and risk factors in patients with chronic GERD in Upper Egypt显示文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of Barrett's esophagus(BE) in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in El Minya and Assuit, Upper Egypt.METHODS:One thousand consecutive patients with chronic GERD symptoms were included in the study over 2 years.They were subjected to history taking including a questionnaire for GERD symptoms, clinical examination and upper digestive tract endoscopy.Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus(CLE) were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction.BE was diagnosed by pathological examination when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE.pH was monitored in 40 patients.RESULTS:BE was present in 7.3% of patients with chronic GERD symptoms, with a mean age of 48.3 ± 8.2 years, which was signif icantly higher than patients with GERD without BE(37.4 ± 13.6 years).Adenocarcinomawas detected in eight cases(0.8%), six of them in BE patients.There was no signiflcant difference between patients with BE and GERD regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption or symptoms of GERD.Patients with BE had significantly longer esophageal acid exposure time in the supine position, measured by pH monitoring.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of BE in patients with GERD who were referred for endoscopy was 7.3%.BE seems to be associated with older age and more in patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux. | Yasser M Fouad Madiha M Makhlouf Heba M Tawfik Hussein El Amin Wael Abdel Ghany Hisham R El-khayat | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，28： | 4 |
| 3 | Three-dimensional planning of percutaneous renal stone surgery in a horseshoe kidney using 16- slice CT and volume-rendered movies 显示文摘 | Ghani KR Rintoul M Patel U | 2005 | J Endourol2005，19，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong显示文摘 | Donnelly C A Ghani A C Leung G M | 2003 | Lancet2003，361，： | 1 |
| 5 | Hot water extractable carbon in soils: A sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilization on grazing and cultivation 显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrot K W | 2003 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2003，35，： | 1 |
| 6 | Hot-water extractable carbon in soils~ A sensitive measurement {or determining impacts o{ {ertilization, grazing and cultivation显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrott K W | 2003 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2003，35，9： | 1 |
| 7 | A class of proportional in tegral sliding mode control with application to active suspension system显示文摘 | Sam Y M Osman H S Ghani M R | 2004 | Systems & Control Letters2004，51，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Online tool wear prediction system in the turning process using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system 显示文摘 | RIZAL M GHANI ] A NUAWI M Z | 2013 | Applied Soft Computing2013，13，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Cooling Efficiency of Fogging Systems for Greenhouses 显示文摘 | Abdel - Ghany A M Kozai T | 2006 | Biosystems Enginneering2006，94，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Hot-water extractable carbon in soils:A sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilization, grazing and cultivation显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrot K W | 2003 | Soil Biology N- Biochemistry2003，35，： | 1 |
| 11 | Ecological studies of the booklouse,Liposcelis divinalorius (Mull) 显示文摘 | Ghani M A | 1951 | Ecology1951，32，： | 1 |
| 12 | Thermal sterilization of canned food in a 3-D pouch using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | ABDUL GHANI A G FARID M M CHEN X D | 2001 | Journal of Food Engineering2001，48，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Optimum mismatched filters for sidelobe suppression 显示文摘 | Ackroyd M H Ghani F | 1973 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems1973，9，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Ecological studies of the book louse,Liposcelis divinatorius(Mull)显示文摘 | Ghani M A | 1951 | Ecology1951，32，： | 1 |
| 15 | Using the computational fluid dynamics to analyze the thermal sterilization of-solid-liquid food mixture in cans显示文摘 | ABDUL GHANI A G FARID M M | 2006 | Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies2006，7，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Bystander effect in glioblas- toma cells with a predominant cytoplasmic localization of conncx- in43显示文摘 | COTTIN S GHANI K CARUSO M | 2008 | Cancer Gene Ther2008，15，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Optimum mismatched filters for sidelobe suppression显示文摘 | ACKROYD M H GHANI F | 1973 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems1973，9，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Method for enhancing retention in complete denture base显示文摘 | Kikuchi M Ghani F Watanabe M | 1999 | J Prosthet Dent1999，81，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Numerical simulation of transient temperature and velocity profiles in a horizontal can during sterilization using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | ABDUL GHANI A G FARID M M CHEN X D | 2002 | Journal of Food Engineering2002，51，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Complex eigenvalue analysis of windscreen wiper chatter noise and its suppression by structural mtMifi- cations显示文摘 | Awang I M Abubakar A R Ghani B A | 2009 | International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems2009，1，123： | 1 |
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