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| 1 | 试论“超市+农产品加工企业+农户”新模式显示文摘目前,中国面临着不断增长的对安全、优质农产品的市场和出口需求同大量分散的、无组织的小规模家庭生产的矛盾。本文提倡采用“超市+农产品加工企业(农民合作组织)+农户”的新型农业产业化模式,通过整个农产品供应链管理来确保农产品的安全。 | 胡定寰 Fred Gale Thomas Reardon | 2006 | 农业经济问题2006，27，1： | 100 |
| 2 | 小麦21条染色体RFLP作图位点遗传多样性分析显示文摘对来自世界11个国家的15个小麦品种(系)( Triticum aestivum L. AABBDD, 2n = 42) 472个RFLP位点的遗传多样性进行了检测, 并进行了逐条染色体分析, 结果发现: (ⅰ) 15个品种在各条染色体上的聚类各不相同. 根据472个遗传位点遗传多样性数据, 15个品种可聚类为4类, Synthetic, Hope, Timgalen 各为一类, 其余品种为一类, 遗传距离远近恰与其所携带的小麦亲缘种染色体数目有关. (ⅱ) 普通小麦遗传多样性非常贫乏, 不同国家来源的品种相似系数高达0.8以上, 多数品种间的大多数位点无遗传多样性, 有53%的位点在供试的栽培品种中完全无多样性. (ⅲ) 以四倍体小麦(AABB)和粗山羊草(DD)为亲本的品种(系)中, 其对应的染色体上有较高的遗传多样性, 其中有49.4%的等位变异在供试栽培种中没有发现, 说明小麦的原始供体种是丰富现代栽培小麦遗传多样性的重要资源. (ⅳ) 根据遗传多样性位点及其作图位置, 可以检测到小麦栽培品种与其亲缘种杂交后代中亲缘种的染色体(片段). (ⅴ) 在小麦的A, B, D 3个基因组中, B基因组的遗传多样性最高, D基因组最差(尤以1D最甚), A基因组居中. (ⅵ) 中国古老栽培品种中国春(CS)与国外栽培品种主要差异表现在染色体1B, 3B和5A上, 并发现了12个中国春的特异等位变异. 认为现代栽培小? | 贾继增 张正斌 K. Devos M. D. Gale | 2001 | 中国科学(C辑)2001，31，1： | 80 |
| 3 | 水肥一体化施磷对滴灌玉米产量、磷素营养及磷肥利用效率的影响显示文摘【目的】在新疆大规模的节水滴灌农业生产中,根据作物不同生育阶段对磷素营养吸收特性,按比例通过水肥一体化以水施磷是满足作物磷素营养需求、减少磷的固定及提高磷肥利用效率的有效途径。【方法】本文在田间条件下设置不施磷(CK)、固体磷酸二铵60%基施+40%追施(T1)、液体磷酸60%基施+40%追施(T2)、液体磷酸全部追施(T3)处理,研究了不同磷肥及施肥方式对滴灌玉米磷素吸收、产量及磷肥利用率的影响。【结果】液体磷酸全部追施处理可显著提高玉米的生物量、穗粒数和千粒重(P<0.05),玉米产量达20622 kg/hm2,其产量比CK、磷酸二铵60%基施+40%追施和液体磷酸60%基施+40%追施处理分别提高了37%、25%、10%;在抽雄期和成熟期不施磷对照、T1、T2、T3处理的玉米吸磷量分别为14.0、22.7、21.0、18.3 kg/hm2和68.4、77.8、87.2、91.9kg/hm2,在成熟期全部追肥处理植株的吸磷量显著高于其它处理,说明磷肥随水追施可显著改善玉米磷素营养(P<0.05);T1、T2、T3处理磷肥利用率(REP)和农学效率(AEP)分别为16.6%、32.6%、40.6%和7.9 kg/kg、22.7kg/kg、40.6 kg/kg,T3处理的REP和AEP分别比其它处理提高了8个百分点~24个百分点和17.9~32.7 kg/kg,液体磷酸全追可显著提高磷肥利用效率(P<0.05)。【结论】液体磷肥100%以追肥的方式随水滴施可显著改善玉米生育中后期的磷素营养并提高产量。提高石灰性土壤玉米对磷肥的吸收利用效率,磷肥利用率可达40.6%。 | 张国桥 王静 刘涛 GALE William 褚贵新 | 2014 | 植物营养与肥料学报2014，20，5： | 74 |
| 4 | 小麦抗白粉病基因Pm12的RFLP标记显示文摘春小麦品系Line 31携带有一个来自斯卑尔脱山羊草的显性抗白粉病基因Pm 12(Miller等,1988)。16个RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism)探针用于鉴定Line 31及其亲本,结果表明Line 31是一个6B/6S易位系。用5个探针所进行的连锁分析进一步揭示Pm 12位于易位染色体的着丝点附近,与6S长臂上的α-淀粉酶位点(α-Amy-S1)紧密连锁,遗传距离仅为1.1 cM。本研究结果表明RFLP技术在鉴定小麦外源染色体及外源基因上具有广阔的应用前景。 | 贾继增 T. E. Miller S. M. Reader M. D. Gale | 1993 | 中国科学(B辑)1993，23，6： | 23 |
| 5 | 淡化糖尿病的分型显示文摘现有的糖尿病分型有很大的局限性和逻辑上的矛盾,在临床工作中很不实用。分型对认识疾病和临床治疗有一定的帮助,但同时也限制了我们的思维空间。作者的意见并非要取消现有的分类方法,而是呼吁摒弃类别思维,淡化分型观念,把更多的精力放在糖尿病发病机理的研究上,更好的解决临床实际问题。2型糖尿病也包括免疫机制,而1型糖尿病也有非免疫机制——这并不是说这两种状况必须完全相同。 | Gale EA 陈洁莉 邱明才 | 2006 | 国际内分泌代谢杂志2006，26，6： | 19 |
| 6 | Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease显示文摘Sex differences in neurocognitive abilities have been extensively explored both in the healthy population andin many disorders. Until recently, however, little work has examined such differences in people with Alzheimer's disease(AD). This is despite clear evidence that AD is more prevalent in women, and converging lines of evidence from brain imaging, post-mortem analyses, hormone therapy and genetics suggesting that AD affects men and women differently. We provide an overview of evidence attesting to the poorer cognitive profiles in women than in men at the same stage of AD. Indeed, men significantly outperform women in several cognitive domains, including: Language and semantic abilities, visuospatial abilities and episodic memory. These differences do not appear to be attributable to any differences in age, education, or dementia severity. Reasons posited for this female disadvantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, greater cognitive reserve in men, and the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Assessment of cognitive abilities contributes to the diagnosis of the condition and thus, it is crucial to identify the role of sex differences if potentially more accurate diagnoses and treatments are to emerge. | Keith R Laws Karen Irvine Tim M Gale | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，1： | 18 |
| 7 | 小麦染色体第六部分同源群RFLP连锁图绘制显示文摘33个DNA探针用于构建小麦染色体第六部分同源群连锁图。绘制连锁图的资料来自杂交组合中国春(CS)X Synthetic的120个单株的DNA。82个位点被绘制在连锁图上,其中28个在染色体6A上,28个在染色体6B上,26个在染色体6D上。染色体6A,6B,6D的遗传图谱长度分别为73.8cM,91.2cM和117.9cM。有6个功能基因的12个位点被绘制在该图谱中。其中包括编码麦醇溶蛋白的基因Gli-2,α-淀粉酶基因α-Amy-1,核糖体rRNA基因Nor-2,羧肽酶基因Cxp3,亮氨酸拉链蛋白基因Embp,以及一个由受脱落酸诱导而表达的基因Psr899。研究发现染色体6B短臂末端缺失。证明了小麦进化过程中曾发生过6BS/2BS的简单易位。在染色体6B的连锁图上,着丝点附近的遗传位点密度甚高。比较染色体的物理图谱与遗传图谱,发现这种现象主要是由于染色体中部的重组率远低于两端的重组率所致。 | 贾继增 M. D. Gale | 1994 | 中国科学(B辑)1994，24，12： | 10 |
| 8 | Rht8、Rht10和Rht12矮秆基因对产量构成因子的影响显示文摘利用携带不同矮秆基因的近等基因系,通过两年、两地的试验研究证明,Rht8半矮秆基因虽然其总小穗数显著低于其他系,但其籽粒产量、小花结实率较Rht10和Rht12显著高。Rht10的降秆作用最强,千粒重显著高于Rht8,但其分蘖成穗率、结实率及小区籽粒产量显著低于其他,表现对环境条件特敏感。Rht12矮秆基因的降秆程度显著高于Rht8,但由于生物产量太低、成熟太晚,造成籽粒产量显著降低,在小麦育种中单独利用价值较低。 | 李杏普 兰素缺 张京慧 冯延茹 刘书娥 张业伦 Gale M D Worland T J | 2009 | 华北农学报2009，24，B12： | 8 |
| 9 | Low WT1 transcript levels at diagnosis predicted poor outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(8;21) who received chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation显示文摘Background:Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) with t(8;21) is a heterogeneous disease.Identifying AML patients with t(8;21) who have a poor prognosis despite achieving remission is important for determining the best subsequent therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Wilm tumor gene-1(WT1) transcript levels and cellular homolog of the viral oncogene v-KIT receptor tyrosine kinase(C-KIT) mutations at diagnosis,and RUNXTRUNX1T1 transcript levels after the second consolidation chemotherapy cycle on outcomes.Methods:Eighty-eight AML patients with t(8;21) who received chemotherapy only or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) were included.Patients who achieved remission,received two or more cycles of consolidation chemotherapy,and had a positive measureable residual disease(MRD) test result(defined as <3-log reduction in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels compared to baseline) after 2-8 cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were recommended to receive allo-HSCT.Patients who had a negative MRD test result were recommended to receive further chemotherapy up to only 8 cycles.WT1 transcript levels and C-KIT mutations at diagnosis,and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels after the second consolidation chemotherapy cycle were tested.Results:Patients who had a C-KIT mutation had significantly lower WTl transcript levels than patients who did not have a C-KIT mutation(6.7%± 10.6%vs.19.5%± 19.9%,P < 0.001).Low WTl transcript levels(<5.0%) but not C-KIT mutation at diagnosis,a positive MRD test result after the second cycle of consolidation chemotherapy,and receiving only chemotherapy were independently associated with high cumulative incidence of relapse in all patients(hazard ratio[HR]= 3.53,2.30,and 11.49;95%confidence interval[CI]1.64-7.62,1.82-7.56,and 4.43-29.82;P = 0.002,0.034,and <0.001,respectively);these conditions were also independently associated with low leukemia-free survival(HR =3.71,2.33,and 5.85;95%CI 1.82-7.56,1.17-4.64,and 2.75-12.44;P < 0.001,0.016,and <0.001,respectively) and overall survival(HR = 3.50,2.32,and 4.34;95%CI 1.56-7.82,1.09-4.97,and 1.98-9.53;P = 0.002,0.030,and <0.001,respectively) in all patients.Conclusions:Testing for WTl transcript levels at diagnosis in patients with AML and t(8;21) may predict outcomes in those who achieve remission.A randomized study is warranted to determine whether allo-HSCT can improve prognosis in these patients. | Ya-Zhen Qin Yu Wang Hong-Hu Zhu Robert Peter Gale Mei-Jie Zhang Qian Jiang Hao Jiang Lan-Ping Xu Huan Chen Xiao-Hui Zhang Yan-Rong Liu Yue-Yun Lai Bin Jiang Kai-Yan Liu Xiao-Jun Huang | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2016，35，7： | 7 |
| 10 | Rht8、Rht10、Rht12矮杆基因对小麦营养生长和生殖生长发育的影响显示文摘两年、两地的试验结果证明,Rht8半矮秆基因对地上部生物产量较Rht10和Rht12有显著的正向作用,并且生长发育较早,较接近目前推广种的生育时期,对不良环境有较强的适应性,利于产量性状的形成。Rht10的降秆作用最强,但由于节间缩短太多,造成地上部生物产量明显降低,使籽粒形成时提供营养的'源'太少,不利于高产。Rht12矮秆基因的降秆程度显著高于Rht8,但生物产量亦太低、成熟太晚和对环境条件的不适应,影响籽粒产量的提高,在以降秆为主要目标的育种中利用价值较大。 | 李杏普 兰素缺 张业伦 张京惠 冯延茹 刘书娥 Gale M D Worland T J | 2009 | 华北农学报2009，24，B08： | 7 |
| 11 | Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed. | Richard A Brogan Christopher J Malkin Philip D Batin Alexander D Simms James M McLenachan Christopher P Gale | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 6 |
| 12 | 乳腺柱状细胞病变显示文摘 | Simpson PT Gale T Reis-Filho JS 魏兵(摘译) 步宏(审校) | 2005 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2005，21，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Optimization of micropatterned poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) films for enhancing dorsal root ganglion cell orientation and extension显示文摘Nerve conduits have been a viable alternative to the ‘gold standard' autograft for treating small peripheral nerve gap injuries. However, they often produce inadequate functional recovery outcomes and are ineffective in large gap injuries. Ridge/groove surface micropatterning has been shown to promote neural cell orientation and guide growth. However, optimization of the ratio of ridge/groove parameters to promote orientation and extension for dorsal root ganglion(DRG) cells on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) films has not been previously conducted. Photolithography and micro-molding were used to define various combinations of ridge/groove dimensions on PLGA films. The DRG cells obtained from chicken embryos were cultured on micropatterned PLGA films for cell orientation and migration evaluation. Biodegradation of the films occurred during the test period, however, this did not cause deformation or distortion of the micropatterns. Results from the DRG cell orientation test suggest that when the ridge/groove ratio equals 1(ridge/groove width parameters are equal, i.e., 10 μm/10 μm(even)), the degree of alignment depends on the size of the ridges and grooves, when the ratio is smaller than 1(groove controlled) the alignment increases as the ridge size decreases, and when the ratio is larger than 1(ridge controlled), the alignment is reduced as the width of the grooves decreases. The migration rate and neurite extension of DRG neurons were greatest on 10 μm/10 μm and 30 μm/30 μm micropatterned PLGA films. Based on the data, the 10 μm/10 μm and 30 μm/30 μm micropatterned PLGA films are the optimized ridge/groove surface patterns for the construction of nerve repair devices. | Ching-Wen Li Brett Davis Jill Shea Himanshu Sant Bruce Kent Gale Jayant Agarwal | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，1： | 5 |
| 14 | 对中国农村食品消费商品化问题的探讨显示文摘本文利用中国农村住户调查的有关资料,初步探讨了中国农村居民的食品消费现状、食品消费商品化的变化、城镇化对农村居民食品消费模式的影响,并对影响中国农村居民食品消费的现金支出和实物支出的因素进行了计量分析。笔者认为,中国农村居民食品支出比重大,但绝对支出水平仍相当低,城乡居民的食品消费还存在较大差距。随着农村居民收入水平的提高,食品消费现金支出的比重加速增长,食品消费商品化趋势明显;随着农村居民消费总支出的增加,食品消费现金支出和实物支出相对下降,且实物支出比现金支出下降快。在外饮食是农村居民食品消费支出快速增长的一个重要原因,农村劳动力转移导致的农村人口下降及农村城镇化也将对食品消费带来重要影响。 | Fred Gale 唐平 柏先红 许惠君 | 2006 | 中国农村经济2006，，4： | 5 |
| 15 | Inequalities in care in patients with acute myocardial infarction显示文摘Coronary heart disease is the single largest cause of death in developed countries. Guidelines exist for the management of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),yet despite these,significant inequalities exist in the care of these patients. The elderly,deprived socioeconomic groups,females and non-caucasians are the patient populations where practice tends to deviate more frequently from the evidence base. Elderly patients often had higher mortality rates after having an AMI compared to younger patients. They also tended to present with symptoms that were not entirely consistent with an AMI,thus partially contributing to the inequalities in care that is seen between younger and older patients. Furthermore the lack of guidelines in the elderly age group presenting with AMI can often make decision making challenging and may account for the discrepancies in care that are prevalent between younger and older patients. Other patients such as those from a lower socioeconomic group,i.e.,low income and less than high school education often had poorer health and reduced life expectancy compared to patients from a higher socioeconomic group after an AMI. Lower socioeconomic status was also seen to be contributing to racial and geographical variation is the care in AMI patients. Females with an AMI were treated less aggressively and had poorer outcomes when compared to males. However even when females were treated in the same way they continued to have higher in hospital mortality which suggests that gender may well account for differences in outcomes. The purpose of this review is to identify the inequalities in care for patients who present with an AMI and explore potential reasons for why these occur. Greater attention to the management and a better understanding of the root causes of these inequalities in care may help to reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with AMI. | Shabnam Rashid Alexander Simms Phillip Batin John Kurian Chris P Gale | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，12： | 4 |
| 16 | Chinese consumer demand for food safety attributes in milk products显示文摘 | Zhigang Wang Yanna Mao Fred Gale | 2007 | Food Policy2007，，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Abdominal ultrasonography of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract显示文摘Ultrasound is an invaluable imaging modality in the evaluation of pediatric gastrointestinal pathology; it can provide real-time evaluation of the bowel without the need for sedation or intravenous contrast. Recent improvements in ultrasound technique can be utilized to improve detection of bowel pathology in children: Higher resolution probes, color Doppler, harmonic and panoramic imaging are excellent tools in this setting. Graded compression and cine clips provide dynamic information and oral and intravenous contrast agents aid in detection of bowel wall pathology. Ultrasound of the bowel in children is typically a targeted exam; common indications include evaluation for appendicitis, pyloric stenosis and intussusception. Bowel abnormalities that are detected prenatally can be evaluated after birth with ultrasound. Likewise, acquired conditions such as bowel hematoma, bowel infections and hernias can be detected with ultrasound. Rare bowel neoplasms, vascular disorders and foreign bodies may first be detected with sonography, as well. At some centers, comprehensive exams of the gastrointestinal tract are performed on children with inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to evaluate for disease activity or to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this article is to review up-to-date imaging techniques, normal sonographic anatomy, and characteristic sonographic features of common and uncommon disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract in children. | Heather I Gale Michael S Gee Sjirk J Westra Katherine Nimkin | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，7： | 3 |
| 18 | Emerging complexity and new roles for the RIG-I-like receptors in innate antiviral immunity显示文摘Innate immunity is critical for the control of virus infection and operates to restrict viral susceptibility and direct antiviral immunity for protection from acute or chronic viral-associated diseases including cancer. RIG-I like receptors(RLRs) are cytosolic RNA helicases that function as pathogen recognition receptors to detect RNA pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) of virus infection. The RLRs include RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2. They function to recognize and bind to PAMP motifs within viral RNA in a process that directs the RLR to trigger downstream signaling cascades that induce innate immunity that controls viral replication and spread. Products of RLR signaling also serve to modulate the adaptive immune response to infection. Recent studies have additionally connected RLRs to signaling cascades that impart inflammatory and apoptotic responses to virus infection. Viral evasion of RLR signaling supports viral outgrowth and pathogenesis, including the onset of viral-associated cancer. | John S.Errett Michael Gale Jr. | 2015 | Virologica Sinica2015，30，3： | 3 |
| 19 | Characterization of progenies of Triticum aestivum- Psathyrostachys juncea derivatives by using genomic in-situ hybridization显示文摘Using genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) technique, 7 translocation-addition lines, 6 transloca-tion and translocation-addition lines, 2 ditelosomic addition lines and 1 translocation line were identified from Triticum aestivum L.-Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch. ) Nevski intergeneric hybrids, of which translocation-addition and translocation and translocation-addition lines were not found in other reports. No substitutions and disomic additions were detected in the hybrids and breakages occurred in all P. juncea chromosomes studied. Results have shown that the improved GISH technique is a rapid and economical method for use in this field. | 周荣华 贾继增 董玉琛 T. Schwarzacher T. S. Miller S. Reader Sh. B. Wu M. D. Gale | 1997 | Science China(Life Sciences)1997，40，6： | 3 |
| 20 | The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | C. J. Currie C. D. Poole E. A. M. Gale | 2009 | Diabetologia2009，，9： | 3 |
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