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| 1 | 混合方法研究及其在临床研究中的应用显示文摘临床研究是在复杂的临床环境中开展简单的科学研究,科学性与可行性之间矛盾突出,从研究方法角度获得理论、方法和技术支持尤为重要。虽然目前现有的定量研究方法在临床研究中解决了很多问题,但有些问题单用定量研究或者定性研究仍不能很好的解决,仍存在局限性。混合方法研究(mixed methods research,MMR)是将定量研究与定性研究这两大主要研究范式有机结合的第3种研究范式。 | 褚红玲 Michael D. Fetters 李楠 曾琳 陶立元 石岩岩 张华 王晓晓 赵一鸣 | 2017 | 中华医学杂志2017，97，12： | 11 |
| 2 | Fundamentals of case study research in family medicine and community health显示文摘The aim of this article is to introduce family medicine researchers to case study research,a rigorous research methodology commonly used in the social and health sciences and only distantly related to clinical case reports.The article begins with an overview of case study in the social and health sciences,including its definition,potential applications,historical background and core features.This is followed by a 10-step description of the process of conducting a case study project illustrated using a case study conducted about a teaching programme executed to teach international family medicine resident learners sensitive examination skills.Steps for conducting a case study include(1)conducting a literature review;(2)formulating the research questions;(3)ensuring that a case study is appropriate;(4)determining the type of case study design;(5)defining boundaries of the case(s)and selecting the case(s);(6)preparing for data collection;(7)collecting and organising the data;(8)analysing the data;(9)writing the case study report;and(10)appraising the quality.Case study research is a highly flexible and powerful research tool available to family medicine researchers for a variety of applications. | Sergi Fàbregues Michael D Fetters | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 8 |
| 3 | Conducting health policy analysis in primary care research: turning clinical ideas into action显示文摘Healthcare guidelines play a prominent role in the daytoday practice of primary care providers,and health policy research leads to the formation of these guidelines.Health policy research is the multidisciplinary approach to public policy explaining the interaction between health institutions,special interests and theoretical constructs.In this article,we demonstrate how primary care providers can conduct high-impact health policy research using Eugene Bardach’s eightfold policy analysis framework in a primary care context.In a medical case,a woman with a history of total hysterectomy had scheduled a visit for a Papanicolaou(Pap)smear screening test as part of a well-woman health check-up with a family medicine resident.Conflicting recommendations on Pap smear screening after total hysterectomy sparked an investigation using the US Preventive Services Task Force criteria for conducting a health policy analysis.We illustrate broadly how clinical care dilemmas can be examined by using Bardach’s broadly applicable health policy framework in order to inform meaningful policy change.Bardach’s framework includes(1)defining the problem,(2)assembling evidence,(3)constructing alternatives,(4)selecting criteria,(5)projecting outcomes,(6)confronting trade-offs,(7)decision-making and(8)sharing the results of the process.The policy analysis demonstrated insufficient evidence to recommend Pap test screening after hysterectomy and the findings contributed to national recommendations.By following Bardach’s steps,primary care researchers have a feasible and powerful tool for conducting meaningful health policy research and analysis that can influence clinical practice. | Alina Engelman Ben Case Lisa Meeks Michael D Fetters | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Discovering and doing family medicine and community health research显示文摘We dedicate this issue to aspiring family medicine and community health researchers.We include as our audience students,residents and fellows who are still learning the craft of clinical care,clinician educators making innovative strides in teaching,and experienced clinical practitioners who are inquisitive and want to contribute to the science of family medicine and community health.In addition,we believe this issue will appeal to senior researchers and mentors as a resource to share with mentees.We now focus on why this special issue provides a unique niche for encouraging and making primary care research more accessible in primary care around the globe. | Michael D Fetters Timothy C Guetterman | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 5 |
| 5 | 基于混合研究方法对比两个全科培训基地全科住院医师对培训的态度和看法显示文摘背景中国正在完善分级诊疗和家庭医生制度,全科医生人才培养是实现这一制度的核心因素,目前我国全科医生缺口40万,全科住院医师规范化培训是培养高质量全科医生的主要途径。目的通过混合研究方法广而深地了解来自两个城市的两个医院全科住院医师对其接受的全科规范化培训看法的异同,探讨不同规范化培训模式下可能带来的益处。方法应用混合研究方法进行横断面研究。于2019年4月,采用整群抽样法抽取北京大学第一医院和北京大学深圳医院全科住院医师作为研究对象。两个医院均是'5+3'全科住院医师规范化培训基地,其中北京大学第一医院为'四证合一'的试点基地。结果北京大学第一医院共发放问卷39份,回收有效问卷35份,有效回收率89.7%;北京大学深圳医院共发放84份问卷,回收有效问卷70份,有效回收率为83.3%。总体上,全科住院医师感觉到由于选择了全科专业而受到歧视,感觉作为全科医师能力不足。许多住院医师提到教学医师的教学态度较差。北京的住院医师比深圳的住院医师对培训更满意(P=0.001),并觉得全科教学医师有足够的知识(P<0.001)和更合适的教学态度(P=0.004),并且北京大学第一医院住院医师5项工作愿景得分均低于北京大学深圳医院,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论这些中国全科住院医师了解培训中需要改进的内容及培训的长项。北京全科住院医师对教学及工作满意度更高,其可以获得高水平教学医师的培训,并可以获得相关证明,提示教育改革可以增强培训力度并促进住院医师有更好的工作愿景。这些发现提示中国的住院医师面临着和国际相类似的情况,同时,也提示规范化培训教学课程的改革可能会带来益处。 | 连思晴 夏瑀 张锦枝 韩晓宁 迟春花 Michael D Fetters | 2020 | 中国全科医学2020，23，19： | 4 |
| 6 | '5+3'全科住院医师在综合医院临床轮转期间的学习策略显示文摘综合医院培训全科住院医师的带教医师大多是专科出身,对全科医生的工作不完全熟悉。本文基于美国25年来导师教育计划(PEP)中的7个原则(明确学习目标;节约教师时间;要求教师给予针对性的指导;请教师评价自己;让患者接纳年轻医师;与人结交,善待盟友;教学相长),结合中国全科住院医师'5+3'规范化培训现状,指导全科住院医师更有质量地完成临床轮转学习。 | 思晴 陶霞 迟春花 Derwin Fetters Michael | 2019 | 中华全科医师杂志2019，18，4： | 3 |
| 7 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——使用联合展示的健康科学混合方法研究的定量与定性整合结果显示文摘目的混合方法研究作为一个复杂健康相关问题调查的方法学,其重要性正在日益凸显,但是定性与定量数据的有效整合依旧不明朗,需要进一步研究。使用视觉联合展示的创新方法促进整合,以视觉方式对数据进行综合展示,有助于衍生新观点。本研究旨在通过对多种已在发表文章中使用的联合展示种类进行研究,找到联合展示范本。方法选取3个发表最新混合方法研究的期刊,搜集包含联合展示内容的实证文章。识别19种联合展示方法,对每一种方法进行分析,提取展示方法、混合方法设计、目的、基本原理、定性与定量数据源、整合途径和分析技巧。分析重点是每一种展示方法内容和混合方法分析的表现。结果联合展示的最普遍种类是按主题进行统计和并行比较。创新的联合展示方法将发现与理论框架或者建议联合。研究人员将联合展示法用于聚敛、解释性相继、试探性相继和干预设计。通过分析联合展示获得的推断,找到每一种设计的范本。范本展现混合方法整合,得出整合结果,并产生新观点。结论联合展示为探讨整合分析提供了一个框架,并帮助研究人员与读者了解混合方法如何产生新观点。我们鼓励研究人员使用联合展示,整合与展现混合方法分析,并对它们的价值进行探讨。 | 本刊编辑部 Guetterman TC Fetters MD Creswell JW | 2015 | 中国全科医学2015，18，35： | 2 |
| 8 | Comparison of general practice residents’ attitudes and perceptions about training in two programmes in China: a mixed methods survey显示文摘Objective To understand general practice(GP)residents’attitudes about their residency training in China.Design Mixed methods survey administered cross-sectionally.Setting Two GP training programmes similar in most regards according to current GP training policy of 5 years’undergraduate degree in medicine and 3 years of postgraduate GP residency training-but differing as the Beijing programme has adopted educational innovations beyond the nationally prescribed standard curriculum used by the second Shenzhen programme.Participants 105(85%)of eligible GP trainees,35(90%)in the innovative Beijing programme and 70(83%)in the standard training Shenzhen programme.Results Overall,residents felt discrimination because of specialty choice,and that they lacked competency as a general practitioner.Many residents commented faculty had negative teaching attitudes.Beijing residents were more satisfied than Shenzhen residents with their training(p=0.001),and felt teaching faculty had sufficient knowledge(p<0.001),and appropriate attitudes towards teaching(p=0.004).Beijing residents more strongly agreed on five items about good future job prospects(all p<0.05).Conclusion These Chinese GP residents identify areas for improvement in their training as well as strengths.Higher satisfaction with faculty teaching and job optimism in Beijing where GP residents receive training from specifically qualified faculty,and can earn special certification,suggest that the educational innovations enhance training and promote positivity about job prospects.These findings imply that GP residents in China face many training challenges that are similar to other international reports,while also implicating benefits of using an innovative curricular approach. | Siqing Lian Yu Xia Jinzhi Zhang Xiaoning Han Chunhua Chi Michael D Fetters | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Getting started in primary care research: choosing among six practical research approaches显示文摘While many primary care practitioners want to conduct research,many also struggle with getting started.This article’s purpose is to assist emerging researchers in identifying a topic of interest,to try the‘fit’of feasible research approaches and commit to a research approach.The article addresses six objectives:(1)identify how important primary care research comes from clinical stories;(2)recognise how clinical stories become the source of research topics;(3)discern how the research process resembles the care of patients;(4)distinguish the essential features of six research approaches feasible for primary care researchers;(5)evaluate the fit of the six research approaches featured in this special issue;and(6)develop a list of steps that need to be taken to implement primary care research projects.Using‘HPV(human papilloma)vaccination’as a hypothetical topic,the article illustrates how an emerging researcher can complete the worksheets.Using the HPV topic,a worksheet illustration shows how to complete the worksheets,and examples from the literature illustrate how actual studies have used six feasible research approaches for primary care:(1)survey research,(2)semistructured qualitative interviews,(3)curriculum development,(4)continuous quality improvement,(5)clinical policy analysis and(6)case study research.The worksheet exercises support choosing a feasible research approach for emerging researchers.Emerging researchers using these exercises can identify a topic,choose a research strategy aligned with the researcher’s interest,create a study title,develop a list of the next steps,and be well positioned to implement an original research project. | Michael D Fetters | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry 显示文摘 | Allen P C Fetterer R H | 2002 | Clin Microbiol Rev2002，15，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A progression of human figures simulated by com- puter graphics显示文摘 | Fetter W A | 1982 | IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications1982，2，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Performance-based contracting in Wiscon- sin public health: transforming state-local relations显示文摘 | Chapin J Fetter B | 2002 | Mil- bank Quarterly2002，80，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Managing new and differ- entiated remanufactured products 显示文摘 | Fetter G Swaminathan J M | 2010 | European Journal of Operation Research2010，203，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Validating a scatterometer wind algorithm for ERS-1SAR显示文摘 | FETTERER F GINERIS D WACKERMAN C C | 1998 | IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens1998，36，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Detecting nuclear warheads 显示文摘 | | 1990 | Science & Global Security1990，1，： | 1 |
| 16 | Increased oxidation of certain glycolysis and energy metabolism enzymes in the frontal cortex in Lewy body diseases显示文摘 | Gomez A Fetter I | 2009 | J Neurosci Res2009，87，： | 1 |
| 17 | Organization- al citizenship behavior and objective productivity as de- terminants of managerial evaluations of salespersons' performance显示文摘 | MacKenzie S B Podsakoff P M Fetter R | 1991 | Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes1991，50，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The motor side of depth vision显示文摘 | SCHREIBER K CRAWFORD J D FETTER M | 2001 | Nature2001，410，6830： | 1 |
| 19 | Mu oz-LangaBevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first line treatment of patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic, non squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)显示文摘 | Fetter N Paredes AMJ | 2008 | J Clin Oncol2008，26，19： | 1 |
| 20 | Star-branched polymers(2) : The reaction of dienyllithium chains with the isomers of divinyl- benzene 显示文摘 | Young R N Fetters L J | 1978 | Macromolecules1978，11，5： | 1 |
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