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| 1 | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy:Indications,technique,complications and management显示文摘Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)is the preferred route of feeding and nutritional support in patients with a functional gastrointestinal system who require long-term enteral nutrition.Besides its wellknown advantages over parenteral nutrition,PEG offers superior access to the gastrointestinal system over surgical methods.Considering that nowadays PEG tube placement is one of the most common endoscopic procedures performed worldwide,knowing its indications and contraindications is of paramount importance in current medicine.PEG tubes are sometimes placed inappropriately in patients unable to tolerate adequate oral intake because of incorrect and unrealistic understanding of their indications and what they can accomplish.Broadly,the two main indications of PEG tube placement are enteral feeding and stomach decompression.On the other hand,distal enteral obstruction,severe uncorrectable coagulopathy and hemodynamic instability constitute the main absolute contraindications for PEG tube placement in hospitalized patients.Although generally considered to be a safe procedure,there is the potential for both minor and major complications.Awareness of these potential complications,as well as understanding routine aftercare of the catheter,can improve the quality of care for patients with a PEG tube.These complications can generally be classified into three major categories:endoscopic technical difficulties,PEG procedure-related complications and late complications associated with PEG tube use and wound care.In this review we describe a variety of minor and major tube-related complications as well as strategies for their management and avoidance.Different methods of percutaneous PEG tube placement into the stomach have been described in the literature with the'pull'technique being the most common method.In the last section of this review,the reader is presented with a brief discussion of these procedures,techniques and related issues.Despite the mentioned PEG tube placement complications,this procedure has gained worldwide popularity as a safe enteral access for nutrition in patients with a functional gastrointestinal system. | Ata A Rahnemai-Azar Amir A Rahnemaiazar Rozhin Naghshizadian Amparo Kurtz Daniel T Farkas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 38 |
| 2 | Carcinoma in situ in a 7 mm gallbladder polyp: Time to change current practice?显示文摘Detection of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder is increasing in conjunction with better imaging modalities. Accepted management of these lesions depends on their size and symptomatology. Polyps that are symptomatic and/or greater than 10 mm are generally removed, while smaller, asymptomatic polyps simply monitored. Here, a case of carcinoma-in-situ is presented in a 7 mm gallbladder polyp. A 25-year-old woman, who had undergone a routine cholecystectomy, was found to have an incidental 7 mm polyp containing carcinoma in situ. She had few to no risk factors to alert to her condition. There are few reported cases of cancer transformation in gallbladder polyps smaller than 10 mm reported in the literature. The overwhelming consensus, barring significant risk factors for cancer being present, is that such lesions should be monitored until they become symptomatic or develop signs suspicious for malignancy. In our patient's case this could have led to the possibility of missing a neoplastic lesion, which could then have gone on to develop invasive cancer. As gallbladder carcinoma is an aggressive cancer, this may have led to a tragic outcome. | David Kasle Amir A Rahnemai-Azar Shahida Bibi Vinaya Gaduputi Brian F Gilchrist Daniel T Farkas | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，9： | 8 |
| 3 | Laparoscopic vs open partial colectomy in elderly patients:Insights from the American College of Surgeons- National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database显示文摘AIM: To compare the outcomes between the laparoscopic and open approaches for partial colectomy in elderly patients aged 65 years and over using the American College of Surgeons- National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS NSQIP) database. METHODS: The ACS NSQIP database for the years 2005-2011 was queried for all patients 65 years and above who underwent partial colectomy. 1:1 propensity score matching using the nearest- neighbor method was performed to ensure both groups had similar preoperative comorbidities. Outcomes including postoperative complications, length of stay and mortality were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups. χ2 and Fisher's exact test were used for discrete variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant and odds ratios with 95%CI were reported when applicable. RESULTS: The total number of patients in the ACS NSQIP database of the years 2005-2011 was 1777035. We identified 27604 elderly patients who underwent partial colectomy with complete data sets. 12009(43%) of the cases were done laparoscopically and15595(57%) were done with open. After propensity score matching, there were 11008 patients each in the laparoscopic(LC) and open colectomy(OC) cohorts. The laparoscopic approach had lower post-operative complications(LC 15.2%, OC 23.8%, P < 0.001), shorter length of stay(LC 6.61 d, OC 9.62 d, P < 0.001) and lower mortality(LC 1.6%, OC 2.9%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Even after propensity score matching, elderly patients in the ACS NSQIP database having a laparoscopic partial colectomy had better outcomes than those having open colectomies. In the absence of specific contraindications, elderly patients requiring a partial colectomy should be offered the laparoscopic approach. | Umashankkar Kannan Vemuru Sunil K Reddy Amar N Mukerji Vellore S Parithivel Ajay K Shah Brian F Gilchrist Daniel T Farkas | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 3 |
| 4 | Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic显示文摘 | Helbing D Farkas I Vicsek T | 2000 | Nature2000，407，6803： | 1 |
| 5 | Simulating dyna-mical features of escape panic显示文摘 | D Helbing I Farkas T Vicsek | 2000 | Nature2000，407，28： | 1 |
| 6 | Metaboliam of fatty acids in fish Ⅲ combined effect of enviromental temperature and diet on formation and deposition of fatty acids in the carp, Cyprineus carpio Limaeus 1758显示文摘 | Farkas T | 1980 | Aquaculture1980，，20： | 1 |
| 7 | Gelation of surimi by high hydrostatic pressure显示文摘 | Chung Y C Gebrehiwot A Farkas D F Morrissey M T | 1994 | J Food Sci1994，59，52： | 1 |
| 8 | Consequence of O2 - generation during a bacterially induced hyper-sensifive reaction in tobacco: Detrcioration of membrane lipids显示文摘 | Adam A Farkas T Somlyai G | 1989 | Physiol Mol Plant Pathol1989，34，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Sinmlating dynamical features of escape panic显示文摘 | Helbing D Farkas I Vicsek T | 2000 | Nature2000，407，6803： | 1 |
| 10 | Simulating dynamical features of escape panic显示文摘 | HELBING D FARKAS 1 VICSEK T | 2000 | Nature2000，407，6803： | 1 |
| 11 | Simulating dynamical features of escape panic 显示文摘 | He1 bing D Farkas I Vicsek T | 2000 | Nature2000，407，6803： | 1 |
| 12 | Expression of Xanthophyllo-myces dendrorhous cytochrome-P450 hydroxylase and reductase in Mucor circinelloides显示文摘 | Cserneticsá Tóth E Farkas A | 2014 | World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2014，31，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Simulating dynamical features of escape panic显示文摘 | HEIBING D FARKAS I VICSEK T | 2000 | Nature2000，407，28： | 1 |
| 14 | Stability and regularity results for a size-structured population model显示文摘 | FARKAS J Z HAGEN T | 2007 | Mathematical Analysis and Applications2007，328，： | 1 |
| 15 | Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens:demonstration of a wide spectrum of strain speci-ficities and classification of two major binding groups among multiple binding patterns显示文摘 | Huang P Farkas T Zhong W | 2005 | J Virol2005，79，11： | 1 |
| 16 | E2F activity is essential for survival of Myc-overexpressing human cancer cells显示文摘 | Santoni-Rugiu E Duro D Farkas T Mathiasen IS Jaattela M Bartek J | 2002 | Oncogene2002，21，42： | 1 |
| 17 | Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid:a cytohistologic correlation and study of discrepant cases 显示文摘 | Ylagan LR Farkas T Dehner LP | 2004 | Thyroid2004，14，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Noroviruses bind to human ABO,Lewis,and secretor histo-blood group antigens:identification of 4 distinct strain-specific patterns显示文摘 | Huang P Farkas T Marionneau S | 2003 | J Infect Dis2003，188，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Cellular and subcellular change evoked by diffuse traumatic brain injury:a complex web of change extending far beyond focal damage显示文摘 | FARKAS O POVLISHOCK J T | 2007 | Prog Brain Res2007，161，： | 1 |
| 20 | Gastroenteritis in US marines during operation iraqi freedom 显示文摘 | Thornton SA Sherman SS Farkas T | 2005 | Clin Infect Dis2005，40，4： | 1 |
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