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| 1 | Kinematics and dynamics of the Mesozoic orogeny and late-orogenic extensional collapse in the Sino-Mongolian border areas显示文摘The Sino-Mongolian border areas underwent two important tectonic events during Mesozoic time after late Paleozoic orogeny: a late Triassic to earlier Jurassic contractional event that resulted in a large-scale south-vergent thrust during the orogeny and a late Jurassic-earlier Cretaceous extensional event in a north-south direction that formed a metamorphic core complex. The kinematic and dynamic analyses show that the thrust sheet moved southwards with a kinematic vorticity number of ca. -0.10 and sub-horizontal maximum compressive stress axis that belongs to a contraction-thickening shear. The upper plate of the late-orogenic detachment relatively moved in a 165°direction. The average kinematic vorticity in its earlier stage was 0.74 that belongs to simple shear dominated shearing and related to the maximum compressive stress axes dipping at ~66°, while the later average kinematic vorticity was ~0.55°that belongs to pure shear dominated shearing with sub-vertical maximum compressive stress axes. This suggests that the thrusting led to the crust thickened and the lower plate rocks that were originally located in the upper crust depressed through a brittle-ductile transition zone into the lower crust and became warmer. The heated rocks trended to uplift since their increasing volume and decreasing density while the loading of the upper-plate rocks increased due to the structural thickening. Under the combined effect of the loading and the thermal-uplifting, the ductile shear zone in between increased in its component of vertical pure shear. Once its pure-shear component exceeded its simple-shear one the ductile shear zone became an extension-thinned shear zone. This progressive transitional process reflects internal and essential temporal and spatial relationships: the extensional factor nucleated during the crust thickening by thrusting and increase of the extensional factor finally led to late-orogenic collapse. | ZHENG Yadong 1 & WANG Tao2 1. Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 38 |
| 2 | An Archean continental block in the Taihangshan and Hengshan regions: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry显示文摘Recent research on the tectonothermal evolution and geochronology in the Fuping, Hengshan and Wutaishan metamorphic complexes, together with the discoveries of a high-pressure granulite belt in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) and high-pressure metapelites in the Jingangku Group of the Wutaishan complex, suggests that there was a Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt related to collision between the Eastern and Western continental blocks. Comparison of geological, geochronological, tectonothermal and geochemical data between the Fuping and Hengshan complexes suggests these two complexes most likely originated and evolved as a single lithotectonic domain (i.e., the Taihangshan-Hengshan block) during the early evolution of the North China Craton, probably as an active margin to the Eastern Continental Block. The Taihangshan-Hengshan block has been subjected to intensive and extensive tectono-magmatism and high-grade metamorphism related to collision between the Eastern and Western continental blocks at ~1.80 Ga. | LIU Shuwen , LI Jianghai, PAN Yuanming, ZHANG Jian and LI Qiugen(1. The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada) | 2002 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2002，12，8： | 32 |
| 3 | Nature of the Precambrian metamorphic blocks in the eastern segment of Central Tianshan:Constraint from geochronology and Nd isotopic geochemistry显示文摘Granitoid gneisses are widespread in Precambrian metamorphic blocks of eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone, and they have intrusive contact relationships with their metamorphic sedimentary country rocks of Proterozoic Xingxingxia and Kawabulag groups. Zircon U-Pb ages from a granodioritic gneiss (IW11-1) and a parametamorphic schist (W05-9) are determined at the Weiya area. Euhedral prismatic zircons from the granodioritic gneiss (IW11-1) provide U-Pb isotopic discordia intercept ages of 1218±17 Ma and 426±26 Ma, respectively, and euhedral prismatic zircons from the parametamorphic schist (W05-9) display U-Pb isotopic discordia intercept ages of 1216±74 Ma and 290±15 Ma, respectively. A whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopic isochron is determined in augen granitoid gneiss samples at the Gang- gou-Kumishi area and we obtain the isochron age of 1142±120 Ma, and its ε Nd (t) = -4.3. These geochronological data suggest that these Precambrian metamorphic basement blocks within eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone can be produced during 1140—1220 Ma, and occur a nearly homochronous metamorphism. Integrated to these geochronological data, Nd depleted mantle model ages (T DM ) and epsilon Nd(t) values of these granitoid gneiss samples indicate that they can derive from mixing in various scales both magmas from mantle and crust sources at a late Mesoproterozoic active continental margin tectonic environment. Similarity in geochronology, Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry between Weiya-Xingxingxia, Pargangtag and Ganggou-Kumishi areas suggests that they could be a bigger uniform metamorphic basement block, which could be formed by the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia and be separated by late geological processes. | LIU Shuwen,GUO Zhaojie,ZHANG Zhicheng,LI Qiugen & ZHENG Haifei The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Ministry of Education,China School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，12： | 26 |
| 4 | SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Geochemistry of the Henglingguan and Beiyu Granitoids in the Zhongtiao Mountains,Shanxi Province显示文摘Henglingguan 和 Beiyu 变形 granitoids,在 Zhongtiaoshan 前寒武纪的建筑群的西北分布式,包括 trondhjemites 和计算碱的 monzogranites,与太古代的 Zhaizi TTG 片麻岩显示恼人的接触。并且 Beiyu metamorphicgranitoids 主要由 trondhjemites 组成,在 Hujiayu 背斜褶层的核心分布式。分别地,标明日期加权平均值 ~(207 )Pb/~(206 ) Pb 变老的数据表演的新虾锆石 U-Pb 是为 Henglingguan 变形计算碱的 monzogranites 和 Beiyu metamorphictrondhjemites 的 2435.9 Maand 2477 妈并且揭示 600 妈继承了的~ 2 在 magmatic 锆石的核心。Whole-rockgeochemical 数据显示那所有 Henglingguan 和 Beiyu 变形 trondhjemites andcalc 碱的 monzogranites 属于遇见了铝土的中等钾、高钾的 calc-alkalineseries。这些岩石被相对高的全部的碱内容描绘(Na_2O+K_2O,在 to9.08% 上面) ,弄空的 Nb, Ta, P 和 Ti,和衰退权利的 REE 模式与对高 LREEs/HREEsfractionation 中等(吝啬的比率(La/Yb )_n = 25 ) 。在多元素蜘蛛图的 Henglingguan 和 Beiyu metamorphictrondhjemites 显示 negative Rb, Th 和 K 异例由原始披风使正常化。Sm-Nd 同位素的数据表明这些 granitoids 有起始的ε _(Nd ) 到 +2.4 和 Nd 的(t)=-1.2 弄空 T_(MD )= 的披风模型年龄 2622 马马。所有 thesegeochemical 特征显示这些 granitoids 在一条大陆边缘的弧被形成,并且 trondhjemites 主要从少年的部分融化发源玄武岩的材料并且然而, Henglingguan 变形计算碱的 monzogranites 源于在一条大陆边缘的弧下面在古老的外壳中材料再循环。花岗石的岩浆在他们的形成期间经历了污染和分离结晶。 | YU Shengqiang, LIU Shuwen*, TIAN Wei, LI Qiugen and FENG Yonggang The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，6： | 21 |
| 5 | Ultramafic xenoliths in Mesozoic diorite in west Shandong Province显示文摘Ultramafic xenoliths are common in Tietonggou intrusion, Laiwu, Shandong Prov-ince. Peridotite xenoliths develop two-stage metasomatism popularly: (i) The early metasoma-tism is characterized by intergranular clinopyroxene and phlogopite; (ii) The later metasomatism is characterized by orthopyroxene veins with a few plagioclases and amphiboles. These ul-tramafic xenoliths are thought to be mostly from the crust-mantle transitional zone on the basis of their combination, mineral chemistry, equilibrium temperature, and metasomatic characteristics. Major elements, rare earth elements, and Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the ultramafic xenoliths indicate that there is a petrogenetic relationship between the silica-enriched xenoliths and their host diorites. We propose that such silica enrichment might be an indicator of melt-rock interac-tions in the Mesozoic lithosphere beneath western Shandong. | CHEN Lihui1,2 & ZHOU Xinhua2 1.The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Ministry of Education,China and School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Lihui(email: lihui_chen@263.net) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，6： | 19 |
| 6 | Significance of native arsenic in the Baogutu gold deposit, western Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China显示文摘Native arsenic together with comb quartz and stibnite is found in the Baogutu gold deposit, western Junggar (Xinjiang), NW China. It is anhedral with various grain size (<0.001 to 2 mm), and contains 98 wt% to 98.7 wt% As. Micro-granular electrum, the main auriferous mineral in the Baogutu gold deposit, is commonly enclosed in or closely accompanied by native arsenic. Three ore-forming paragenetic stages could be identified. Native arsenic mainly formed at stage II which is also the major stage for gold deposition. Mineral assemblage formed at this stage is native arsenic-stibnite-electrum-arseno- pyrite-miargyrite-freibergite-pyrrhotite-pyrite. Based on native arsenic and its coexisting minerals, the temperature (230 to 170℃), oxygen fugacity (logfO2 = -42―-56.5) and sulfur fugacity (logf S2 = -13.3― -16.6) of stage II are estimated. From stage I to stage II, the temperature, sulfur fugacity and S2- concentration of hydrothermal fluid decrease obviously, whereas the As concentration increases. Coexistence with native arsenic of electrum and its contents of 0.5 wt%―1.3 wt% As suggest that As is important to transport Au when S2- concentration decrease in hydrothermal fluid. Crystallization of native arsenic induced the deposition of electrum and consequently the formation of the Baogutu gold deposit. | AN Fang & ZHU YongFeng The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，10： | 17 |
| 7 | Petrology and ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar iso-topic ages of blueschists in Gangmar, central Qiangtang, northern Tibet显示文摘The petrology and mineral assemblages of blueschists in the Gangmar, central Qiangtang, northern Tibet were examined, which indicates that the metamorphic condition is high-pressure low-temperature. In this note, we reported the 40Ar/39Ar dating results of glaucophane from two blueschist samples. Their apparent ages are (275.0±1.3) Ma and (287.6±2.3) Ma and similar isochron ages are (275.0±0.9) Ma and (282.4±0.8) Ma, respectively. These iso-topic datings show the high-pressure metamorphism occurring in Lower Permian. The ages also coincide with the evolution of Palaeo-Tethys ocean in Late Palaeozoic. | DENG Xiguang, DING Lin, LIU Xiaohan & ZHOU YongLaboratory of Lithospheric Tectonic Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，5： | 13 |
| 8 | Dating of the Karakorum Strike-slip Fault显示文摘This paper mainly discusses the timing of the Karakorum strike-slip fault, and gives a brief introduction of its structures, offset, and deformational style. This fault strikes NNW-SSE. Asymmetrical folds, stretching lineation, S-C fabrics, feldspar and quartz (-porphyroclasts, domino structure, shear cleavages and faults in the fault zone are products of tectonic movements. They all indicate a dextral slip sense of faulting. Mylonitic bands are widely developed along this fault. Phengite appears, indicating rather high deformational pressure. Geochronological data indicate that the Karakorum strike-slip faulting occurred from 6.88(0.36 to 8.75(0.25 Ma. The cumulative displacement from Muztag Ata to Muji is about 135 km. | ZHOU Yong, XU Ronghua, YAN Yuehua, PAN Yusheng,Tsanyao Frank YANG, Wei LO and WU Chunming Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029Department of Geology, National Taiwan University, 245 Choushan Road, Taipei 106-17, TaiwanDepartment of Geology, Chinese Culture University, Hwa-kang, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 | 2001 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2001，75，1： | 12 |
| 9 | No apparent lock-in depth of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion: Evidence from the Malan loess显示文摘The first-order chronological framework of the long-term Chinese loess/paleosol sequences was based mainly on magnetostratigraphy. However, there remain arguments on the lock-in ages of the major geomagnetic reversals. This study systematically compared the stratigraphic locations of the Laschamp excursion and Henrich events (H4 at~39 ka and H5 at~48 ka) recorded by the Luochuan loess profile in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that the Lascchamp excursion is bracketed well by these two cold events, and the corresponding estimated age is between about 41.7-43.7 ka, which is close to the widely accepted age of ~40-41 ka for the excursion.Therefore, our new results do not suggest apparent lock-in effects in the last glacial Malan loess. | ZHU Rixiang1, LIU Qingsong1,2, PAN Yongxin1, DENG Chenglong1, ZHANG Rui1 & WANG Xianfeng3 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL of Lithosphere Evolution), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Geophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，9： | 12 |
| 10 | The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems显示文摘Explaining the 'Tragedy of the Commons' of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science.Asymmetrical interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of cooperation.Considering the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal systems.Our model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative actors.More intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of cooperation.The cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological conditions.The higher initial relatedness(i.e.similar to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric systems.The initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of cooperation.This explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems. | WANG RuiWu1 & SHI Lei2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650223,China 2 Statistics and Mathematics College,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，1： | 11 |
| 11 | Discovery and geological implication of rodingites derived from eclogites of ophiolites at Changawuzi, western Tianshan, China显示文摘We here report the first case of rodingites that were formed at the expense of eclogite enclosed in the ultramafic rocks of Changawuzi ophiolites. The rodingites contain a mineral assemblage of grossular, diopside, prehnite, chlorite, and relict omphacite and Fe Mg Al garnets. The presented data indicate that the formation of the rodingites resulted from a phase of secondary serpentinization during exhumation of the subducted oceanic plate. The rodingitization started at 370~410 ℃/6.5~8.5 kbar, while pervasive rodingitization took place under the condition of 200~350 ℃/4~6 kbar. The established PT path shows a retrograde track from eclogites to rodingites. We conclude that the process of rodingitization could also take place under subduction conditions in addition to its more common occurrence under ocean floor metamorphic conditions. | LI Xuping, ZHANG Lifei* and AI Yonglian(Department of Geology, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, MOE, Beijing 100871, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，12： | 11 |
| 12 | Revisiting the origin of modern humans in China and its implications for global human evolution显示文摘The debates over the origin of modern humans have long been centered on two competing theories:the 'Out-of-Africa'(single-place origin) theory and the 'Multi-regional Evolution' theory.China is an extremely important region where many ancient human fossils were collected along with numerous associated faunal remains and artefacts.These cultural remains,unearthed from different areas in the country and covering a long time span,will help clarify the controversy.The study of cultural materials in China is expected to shed important light on biological evolutionary patterns and social and technical developments of those early humans as well as their environmental conditions.Based on the analysis of Chinese fossils and associated materials,in conjunction with some genetic studies,this paper aims at evaluating each of the two theories in order to stimulate more discussions.Our study suggests that the evolutionary model of 'Continuity with Hybridization' is most relevant in reflecting the current understanding of human evolutionary history in China.Furthermore,we propose that the concept of regional diversity of evolutionary models should be seriously considered to illustrate different evolutionary modes applied to different parts of the world. | GAO Xing1,2*,ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3,YANG DongYa2,4,SHEN Chen2,5 & WU XinZhi1,2 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 2 Laboratory of Human Evolution,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4 Department of Archaeology,Simon Fraser University,Vancouver V5A 1S6,Canada 5 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto M5S 2C6,Canada | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，12： | 11 |
| 13 | Permian High Ba-Sr Granitoids:Geochemistry,Age and Tectonic Implications of Erlangshan Pluton,Urad Zhongqi,Inner Mongolia显示文摘从 Urad Zhongqi 的 Erlangshan Pluton,中央内部蒙古,位于北方中国板的北边缘的中间的片断。岩石与片麻岩的结构主要由闪长岩组成。石油化学的特征表明闪长岩属于遇见了铝土的、高钾的计算碱的系列,与我类型花岗石的化学签名。他们被低 SiO 2内容描绘(56.63%58.53%)并且 A/CNK ( 0.90 0.96 ),高级艾尔 2 O 3内容(17.30%17.96%)并且 Na 2 O/K 2 O 比率( 1.20 1.70 ),在大离子亲石元素元素的丰富( LILE ,例如, Ba=556 915 ppm , Sr=463 595 ppm ),并且在高地力量元素的相对弄空( HFSE ,例如, Nb , Ta , Ti )在原始使披风正常化的蜘蛛克,和有稍微否定的 Eu 异例的衰退权利的稀土元素元素模式( δEu=0.72 0.90 )。他们有 Sr/Y 比率(20 25 ) 显然不到 Kebu Pluton (49 75 ) 到它的东方。微探查的 U-Pb 锆石标明日期闪长岩产出的敏感高分辨率离子 270 ± 8 妈的恼人的年龄。这导致我们断定 Erlangshan 闪长岩被在中间或更低的外壳导出岩浆和次要的导出披风的 mafic 岩浆之间混合形成,由部分结晶化列在后面,它在 post-collisional 设定是由外壳的扩展和差错活动的 trigged。 | LUO Hongling,WU Tairan~*,ZHAO Lei,HE Yuankai and JIN Xu The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100871, China School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，3： | 9 |
| 14 | Structures of Syn-deformational Granites in the Longquanguan Shear Zone and Their Monazite Electronic Microprobe Dating显示文摘The Longquanguan shear zone is an important structural belt in the North China Craton, separating the underlying Fuping complex from the overlying Wutai complex. This shear zone has experienced three episodes of deformation: the first and main episode is a ductile top-to-ESE shear along the gently northwest-west dipping foliations, while the other two episodes are later collapse sliding. Prolonged granites parallel to the shear foliations make one of the main compositions of the Longquanguan shear zone. These granites experienced deformation to form mylonitic rocks when they emplaced during the first episode of deformation. Structural characters of the granites and their contacts to the country rocks indicate that these granites possibly resulted from in-situ partial re- melting by shearing, i.e., they are syn-deformational granites. Monazites in these mylonitic granites are magmatic minerals and their crystallization ages may represent ages of the magmatic events, and also the ages for the main deformation of the Longquanguan shear zone. Monazite electronic microprobe dating were carried on two samples of granite, which gives multiple peak ages, among which 1,846 Ma and 1,877 Ma are the main peak ages for the two samples. These ages represent the main deformation of the Longquanguan shear zone, which is consistent with the main regional geological event at about 1,850 Ma caused by the collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks in North China. The good match between the monazite ages and the corresponding regional tectono-thermal events shows the feasibility and reliability of monazite electronic microprobe dating. | ZHANG Jinjiang*, ZHAO Lan and LIU Shuwen The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，6： | 9 |
| 15 | Changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function during the restoration of a tropical forest in south china显示文摘Tropical forests continue to vanish rapidly,but few long-term studies have ever examined if and how the lost forests can be restored.Based on a 45-year restoration study in south China,we found that a tropical rain forest,once completely destroyed,could not recover naturally without deliberate restoration efforts.We identified two kinds of thresholds that must be overcome with human ameliorative measures before the ecosystem was able to recover.The first threshold was imposed primarily by extreme physical conditions such as exceedingly high surface temperature and impoverished soil,while the second was characterized by a critical level of biodiversity and a landscape context that accommodates dispersal and colonization processes.Our three treatment catchments(un-restored barren land,single-species plantation,and mixed-forest stand)exhibited dramatically different changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning over 4 decades.The mixed forest,having the highest level of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning,possesses several major properties of tropical rain forest.These findings may have important implications for the restoration of many severely degraded or lost tropical forest ecosystems. | REN Hai,LI ZhiAn,SHEN WeiJun,YU ZuoYue,PENG ShaoLin,LIAO ChongHui,DING MingMao & WU JianGuo 1 South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China 2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution,Zhongshan University,Guangzhou 510275,China 3 Guangdong Institute of Entomology,Guangzhou 510275,China 4 School of Life Sciences and Global Institute of Sustainability,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287,USA | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 9 |
| 16 | The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color显示文摘Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many species.To investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo,the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),136 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp buffalo.Among the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes,respectively.Only Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were black.The genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of MC1R.The in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of MC1R.Above results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo. | MIAO YongWang1,2,WU GuiSheng3,WANG Lei2,LI DaLin4,TANG ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3 & ZHANG YaPing1,6 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China 3 Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China 4 Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,Kunming 650021,China 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,China 6 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，2： | 8 |
| 17 | Diversity and evolution of MicroRNA gene clusters显示文摘microRNA(miRNA) gene clusters are a group of miRNA genes clustered within a proximal distance on a chromosome.Although a large number of miRNA clusters have been uncovered in animal and plant genomes,the functional consequences of this arrangement are still poorly understood.Located in a polycistron,the coexpressed miRNA clusters are pivotal in coordinately regulating multiple processes,including embryonic development,cell cycles and cell differentiation.In this review,based on recent progress,we discuss the genomic diversity of miRNA gene clusters,the coordination of expression and function of the clustered miRNAs,and the evolutionarily adaptive processes with gain and loss of the clustering miRNA genes mediated by duplication and transposition events. | ZHANG YanFeng,ZHANG Rui & SU Bing State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，3： | 7 |
| 18 | C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang显示文摘C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area. | HE XiuBin, XU Bei & YUAN ZhiYun The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University Ministry of Education of China School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，4： | 7 |
| 19 | The relationship between viscosity and glass forming ability of Al-(Ni)-Yb alloy systems显示文摘The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fitting factors are calculated. The amorphous ribbons of these alloys were produced by the melt spinning technique and the thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). E (the activation energy for viscous flow), which reflects the change rate of viscosity, has a good negative relation with the GFA in both Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb systems. However, there is no direct relation between liquidus viscosity (ηL) and GFA. The superheated fragility M can predict GFA in Al-Yb or Al-Ni-Yb alloy system. | JIA Ran, BIAN XiuFang, Lü XiaoQian, SONG KaiKai & LI XueLian Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，3： | 6 |
| 20 | Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation显示文摘Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction. | WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2, WANG YaQiang1,2, SHI Lei1,3 & LI YaoTang1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, China 2 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3 Statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 6 |
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