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| 1 | The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review显示文摘Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease(PD)and can substantially affect a patient’s quality of life.These impairments remain difficult to manage with current clinical therapies,but exercise has been identified as a possible treatment.The objective of this systematic review was to accumulate and analyze evidence for the effects of exercise on cognition in both animal models of PD and human disease.This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)statement.Fourteen original reports were identified,including six pre-clinical animal studies and eight human clinical studies.These studies used various exercise interventions and evaluated many different outcome measures;therefore,only a qualitative synthesis was performed.The evidence from animal studies supports the role of exercise to improve cognition in humans through the promotion of neuronal proliferation,neuroprotection and neurogenesis.These findings warrant more research to determine what roles these neural mechanisms play in clinical populations.The reports on cognitive changes in clinical studies demonstrate that a range of exercise programs can improve cognition in humans.While each clinical study demonstrated improvements in a marker of cognition,there were limitations in each study,including non-randomized designs and risk of bias.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system was used and the quality of the evidence for human studies were rated from“low”to“moderate”and the strength of the recommendations were rated from“weak”to“strong”.Studies that assessed executive function,compared to general cognitive abilities,received a higher GRADE rating.Overall,this systematic review found that in animal models exercise results in behavioral and corresponding neurobiological changes in the basal ganglia related to cognition.The clinical studies showed that various types of exercise,including aerobic,resistance and dance can improve cognitive function,although the optimal type,amount,mechanisms,and duration of exercise are unclear.With growing support for exercise to improve not only motor symptoms,but also cognitive impairments in PD,health care providers and policy makers should recommend exercise as part of routine management and neurorehabilitation for this disorder. | Danielle K Murray Matthew A Sacheli Janice J Eng A Jon Stoessl | 2014 | Translational Neurodegeneration2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital lumbar spinal stenosis显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis(CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects with CLSS and 48 control subjects were retrospectively evaluated. In each examination, the five lumbar levels were assessed for the presence or absence of circumferential or shallow annular bulges, annular tears, anterior or posterior disc herniations, epidural lipomatosis, Schmorl's nodes,spondylolisthesis, pars defects, and stress reactions of the posterior vertebral elements. RESULTS: Compared to control individuals, subjects with CLSS exhibited increased incidence of circumferential and shallow annular bulges, annular tears, discherniations and spondylolisthesis(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CLSS is associated with increased incidence of degenerative changes in specific osseous and soft-tissue elements of the lumbar spine. | Theodoros Soldatos Majid Chalian Shrey Thawait Alan J Belzberg John Eng John A Carrino Avneesh Chhabra | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，12： | 2 |
| 3 | Hidradenocarcinoma:a histological andimmunohistochemical study显示文摘 | KO C J COCHRAN A J ENG W | 2006 | J Cutan Pathol2006，33，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Induction of carcinngenesis by concurrent inactivation of p53 and Rb1 in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium显示文摘 | Fiesken-Nikitin A Choi KC Eng JP | | 0，，13： | 1 |
| 5 | Kinetic analysis of the lower limbsduring walking:What information can be gained from athree-dimensional model显示文摘 | Eng J J Winter D A | 1995 | Biomech1995，28，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Physiology and path-ophysiology of the adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system显示文摘 | Engeli S Negrel R Sharma A M | 2000 | Hypertension2000，35，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom: further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas 显示文摘 | ENG J KLEINMAN W A SINGH L | 1992 | J Biol Chem1992，267，11： | 1 |
| 8 | The nuclear affairs of PTEN 显示文摘 | Planchon S M Waite K A Eng C | 2008 | J Cell Sci2008，121，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Isolation and characterization of exendin-4,an exendin-3 analogue from Heloderma suspectum venom显示文摘 | Eng J Kleinman W A Singh L | 1992 | J Biol Chem1992，267，： | 1 |
| 10 | Endothelium-specific ablation of PDGFB leads to pericyte loss and glomerular,cardiac and placental abnormalities显示文摘 | Bjarnegard M Enge M Norlin J Gustafsdottir S Fredriksson S Abramsson A | 2004 | Development2004，131，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of stroke on fall rate, location and predictors: a prospective comparison of older adults with and without stroke 显示文摘 | SIMPSON L A MILLER W C ENG J J | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，19： | 1 |
| 12 | Long-term results of Ionescu-Shiley valve in the tricuspid po-sition显示文摘 | Eng J Ravichandran P S Kay P H Murday A J | 1991 | Ann Thorac Surg1991，51，： | 1 |
| 13 | Neuron-specific ablation of PDGF-B is compatible with normal central nervous system development and astroglial response to injury 显示文摘 | Enge M Wilhelmsson U Abramsson A | 2003 | Neurochem Res2003，28，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Impact of concentration self-quenching on the charge generation yield of fullerene based donor-bridge-acceptor compounds in the solid state显示文摘 | Eng MP Shoaee S Molina-Ontoria A | 2011 | Phys Chem Chem Phys2011，13，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Ferrate( VI): Green chemistryoxidant for degradation of cationic surfactant显示文摘 | Eng Y Y Sharma V K Ray A K | 2006 | Chemosphere2006，63，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Multiplex ligation - depend- ent probe amplification (MLPA) and prenatal diagnosis 显示文摘 | Willis A S van den Veyver I Eng C M | 2012 | Prenat Diagn2012，32，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Energy Distribution in Argon-Shielded Welding Arcs显示文摘 | Lancaster J F Eng B A I M | 1954 | British Welding Journal1954，，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparison of electron IMRT to helical photon IMRT and conventional photon irradiation for treatment of breast and chest wall tumours 显示文摘 | GAUER T ENGE 1K KIESE A | 2010 | Radiol Oncol2010，94，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Pro12Ala missense mutation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and diabetes mellitus 显示文摘 | Ringel J Engeli S Distler A | 1999 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1999，254，： | 1 |
| 20 | Structure of Natural Rubber 显示文摘 | Eng A H Tanaka Y | | Treads in Polymer Science0，1，49： | 1 |
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