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| 1 | p16 promoter hypermethylation:A useful serum marker for early detection of gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To determine p16 promoter hypermethylation in gastric tumoral tissue and serum samples, its impact on p16-protein expression, and correlation with clinical and histological features. METHODS: Samples were obtained from 52 histologically confirmed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric tissue and serum of 50 age- and sex-matched individuals with normal gastroscopy and biopsy were obtained as control samples. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to evaluate methylation status of p16 promoter. p16-protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS: Methylation was detected in 44.2% (23/52) of tumoral tissues. 60.9% of them were also methylated in serum, i.e., 26.9% of all patients (14/52). Methylation was not detected in tissue and sera of control samples. p16-protein expression was decreased in 61.5% of cases (32/52), and was significantly associated with promoter hypermethylation (P < 0.001). Methylation was significantly more frequent in higher pathological grades (P < 0.05). Methylation was not associated with other clinicopathological features and environmental factors including H pylori infection and smoking. CONCLUSION: p16 promoter hypermethylation is an important event in gastric carcinogenesis. It is the principle mechanism of p16 gene silencing. It is related to malignant tumor behavior. Detection of DNA methylation in serum may be a biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer. | Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan Omeed Moaven Hamid Reza Sima Kamran Ghafarzadegan Azadeh A'rabi Mohammad Naser Forghani Hamid Reza Raziee Ali Mashhadinejad Mostafa Jafarzadeh Ehsan Esmaili-Shandiz Ezzat Dadkhah | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，13： | 50 |
| 2 | 白蚁的食物选择显示文摘毒饵技术是防治白蚁最常使用的方法之一,对白蚁取食选择的认识是毒饵技术发展的基础。评述了白蚁嗜食的真菌腐朽物、植物性材料以及糖和氨基酸等取食促进物质研究情况,分析了白蚁对上述物质取食选择的营养消化机制,并对白蚁食物选择研究面临的问题提出了展望。 | 丁芳 嵇保中 刘曙雯 曹丹丹 杨锦锦 张新慰 冀士琳 刘佳佳 Ehsan SOLEYMANINEJADIAN 汪洪江 | 2015 | 中国农学通报2015，31，2： | 19 |
| 3 | Expression of cell adhesion molecule CD44 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its prognostic importance显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the relation of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) expression with clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma, and also its effect on prognosis with an emphasis on the differences between intestinal and diffuse types. METHODS: From 2000 to 2006, 100 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, who had undergone total or subtotal gastrectomy without any prior treatment, were studied. Haematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining was used for histological evaluation, including the type (Lauren's classifi cation) and grading of the tumor. The expression of CD44 in the gastric adenocarcinoma mucosa and the adjacent mucosa were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival analysis was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS: Of 100 patients, 74 (74%) patients were male. The tumors were categorized as intestinal type (78%) or diffuse type (22%). Sixty-five percent of patients were CD44-positive. CD44 expression was not detected in normal gastric mucosa. Rather, CD44 was more commonly expressed in the intestinal subtype (P = 0.002). A signifi cant relation was seen between the grade of tumor and the expression of CD44 (P = 0.014). The survival analysis showed a poor prognosis of patients with CD44-positive tumors (P = 0.008); and this was more prominent in the intestinal (P = 0.001) rather than diffuse type. CONCLUSION: Cell adhesion molecule CD44 is highly expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma. CD44 expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. CD44 can, therefore, be utilized as a prognostic marker for this group of patients. | Kamran Ghaffarzadehgan Mostafa Jafarzadeh Hamid Reza Raziee Hamid Reza Sima Ehsan Esmaili-Shandiz Hanieh Hosseinnezhad Ali Taghizadeh Kermani Omeed Moaven Maryam Bahrani | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，41： | 18 |
| 4 | Effect of rare earth elements addition on thermal fatigue behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy显示文摘Influences of rare earth (RE) elements addition on thermal fatigue behaviors of AZ91 alloy were studied. Repeated heating and cooling cycles were applied on the samples at 170 and 210 °C to develop thermal fatigue cracks. Crack growth mechanisms and microstructural influences were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Thermal fatigue behaviors were observed to improve successively by addition of the RE up to 2wt.%. This improvement was attributed to the consummation of aluminum in melt by precipitation of the needle shaped Al11RE3 phases. This process was attributed to the reduction of Mg17Al12 phase volume fraction and consequent decrease of the brittle Mg/Mg17Al12 interface which was the main reason for weak thermal properties of the alloy at rather high temperatures. Further additions of RE, however, reduced the thermal shock resistance of the samples by increasing the mean length of the brittle needle shaped phases. | Hossein Bayani Ehsan Saebnoori | 2009 | Journal of Rare Earths2009，27，2： | 16 |
| 5 | A novel correlation approach for prediction of natural gas compressibility factor显示文摘Gas compressibility factor (z-Factor) is one of the most important parameters in upstream and downstream calculations of petroleum industries.The importance of z-Factor cannot be overemphasized in oil and gas engineering calculations.The experimental measurements,Equations of State (EoS) and empirical correlations are the most common sources of z-Factor calculations.There are more than twenty correlations available with two variables for calculating the z-Factor from fitting in an EoS or just through fitting techniques.However,these correlations are too complex,which require initial value and more complicated and longer computations or have magnitude error.The purpose of this study is to develop a new accurate correlation to rapidly estimate z-Factor.Result of this correlation is compared with large scale of database and experimental data also.Proposed correlation has 1.660 of Absolute Percent Relative Error (EABS) versus Standing and Katz chart and has also 3.221 of EABS versus experimental data.The output of this correlation can be directly assumed or be used as an initial value of other implicit correlations.This correlation is valid for gas coefficient of isothermal compressibility (cg) calculations also. | Ehsan Heidaryan Amir Salarabadi Jamshid Moghadasi | 2010 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2010，19，2： | 13 |
| 6 | Potential effects of curcumin on peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ in vitro and in vivo显示文摘Natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) agonists are found in food and may be important for health through their anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin(Cur) is a bright yellow spice, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn. It has been shown to have many biological properties that appear to operate through diverse mechanisms. Some of these potentially beneficial effects of Cur are due to activation of the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-γ. It is reported(using in vitro and in vivo models) that Cur plays a potential role against several diseases. In this review article, we present the current literature on the effects of Cur on the modulation of inflammatory processes that are mediated through PPAR-γ. | Mohsen Mazidi Ehsan Karimi Mohsen Meydani Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan Gordon A Ferns | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，1： | 13 |
| 7 | Discrete element modeling of inherently anisotropic granular assemblies with polygonal particles显示文摘In the present article, we study the effect of inherent anisotropy, i.e., initial bedding angle of particles and associated voids on macroscopic mechanical behavior of granular materials, by numerical simulation of several biaxial compression tests using the discrete element method (DEM). Particle shape is considered to be irregular convex-polygonal. The effect of inherent anisotropy is investigated by following the evolution of mobilized shear strength and volume change during loading. As experimental tests have already shown, numerical simulations also indicate that initial anisotropic condition has a great influence on the strength and deformational behavior of granular assemblies. Comparison of simulations with tests using oval particles, shows that angularity influences both the mobilized shear strength and the volume change regime, which originates from the interlocking resistance between particles. | Ehsan Seyedi Hosseininia | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，5： | 12 |
| 8 | A comparative analysis among computational intelligence techniques for dissolved oxygen prediction in Delaware River显示文摘Most of the water quality models previously developed and used in dissolved oxygen(DO) prediction are complex.Moreover,reliable data available to develop/calibrate new DO models is scarce.Therefore,there is a need to study and develop models that can handle easily measurable parameters of a particular site,even with short length.In recent decades,computational intelligence techniques,as effective approaches for predicting complicated and significant indicator of the state of aquatic ecosystems such as DO,have created a great change in predictions.In this study,three different Al methods comprising:(1) two types of artificial neural networks(ANN) namely multi linear perceptron(MLP) and radial based function(RBF);(2) an advancement of genetic programming namely linear genetic programming(LGP);and(3) a support vector machine(SVM) technique were used for DO prediction in Delaware River located at Trenton,USA.For evaluating the performance of the proposed models,root mean square error(RMSE),Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NS),mean absolute relative error(MARE) and,correlation coefficient statistics(R) were used to choose the best predictive model.The comparison of estimation accuracies of various intelligence models illustrated that the SVM was able to develop the most accurate model in DO estimation in comparison to other models.Also,it was found that the LGP model performs better than the both ANNs models.For example,the determination coefficient was 0.99 for the best SVM model,while it was 0.96,0.91 and 0.81 for the best LGP,MLP and RBF models,respectively.In general,the results indicated that an SVM model could be employed satisfactorily in DO estimation. | Ehsan Olyaie Hamid Zare Abyaneh Ali Danandeh Mehr | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，3： | 11 |
| 9 | 新型PEO/纳米结构ZrO_2镁合金涂层的抗菌活性及腐蚀行为(英文)显示文摘为了增强镁合金的耐腐蚀性和抗菌活性,先采用等离子体电解氧化(PEO)在镁合金上制备一层结合层,再用空气等离子喷涂(APS)制备纳米结构ZrO_2表面涂层。采用电化学试验研究涂层样品的腐蚀行为,采用琼脂扩散法对其进行大肠杆菌病原菌抑菌活性评价,并与无涂层样品进行对比。与PEO涂层和无涂层镁合金相比,PEO/纳米ZrO_2涂层样品的腐蚀电流密度最低,电荷传递阻力最高,相位角和阻抗模量最高。PEO结合涂层被纳米ZrO_2表面涂层完全密封,能够显著延缓侵蚀性离子向镁合金表面迁移,显著提高镁合金在模拟体液(SBF)中的耐蚀性。此外,PEO/纳米ZrO_2涂层的抗菌活性也高于PEO涂层和无涂层镁合金,这是由于ZrO_2纳米颗粒通过作用于细胞膜而降低了大肠杆菌的生长速率。 | Mohammadreza DAROONPARVAR Muhamad Azizi MAT YAJID Rajeev KUMAR GUPTA Noordin MOHD YUSOF Hamid Reza BAKHSHESHI-RAD Hamidreza GHANDVAR Ehsan GHASEMI | 2018 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2018，28，8： | 10 |
| 10 | A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for distribution feeder reconfiguration显示文摘This paper presents a new method to reduce the distribution system loss by feeder reconfiguration.This new method combines self-adaptive particle swarm optimization(SAPSO) with shuffled frog-leaping algorithm(SFLA) in an attempt to find the global optimal solutions for the distribution feeder reconfiguration(DFR).In PSO algorithm,appropriate adjustment of the parameters is cumbersome and usually requires a lot of time and effort.Thus,a self-adaptive framework is proposed to improve the robustness of PSO.In SAPSO the learning factors of PSO coevolve with the particles.SFLA is combined with the SAPSO algorithm to improve its performance.The proposed algorithm is tested on two distribution test networks.The results of simulation show that the proposed algorithm is very powerful and guarantees to obtain the global optimization in minimum time. | Taher NIKNAM Ehsan AZAD FARSANI | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，4： | 10 |
| 11 | Numerical Investigation of Penetration in Ceramic/Aluminum Targets Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method and Presenting a Modified Analytical Model显示文摘Radius of ceramic cone can largely contribute into final solution of analytic models of penetration into ceramic/metal targets.In the present research,a modified model based on radius of ceramic cone was presented for ceramic/aluminum targets.In order to investigate and evaluate accuracy of the presented analytic model,obtained results were compared against the results of the Florence’s analytic model and also against numerical modeling results.The phenomenon of impact onto ceramic/aluminum composites were modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)implemented utilizing ABAQUS Software.Results indicated that,with increasing initial velocity and ceramic thickness and decreasing support layer thickness,the radius of ceramic cone decreases;this ends up increasing residual velocity of the projectile and penetration time and extending the area across which the pressure is distributed.These findings indicate enhanced levels of target energy absorption and the required energy for bending and tensioning the target.As such,it can be observed that,at the same thickness and areal density,the ceramic target has its efficiency enhanced with increasing ceramic thickness and decreasing the support layer thickness.Finally,the results revealed that the associated data with SPH confirm the modified analytic model at higher accuracy than the Florence’s analytic model. | Ehsan Hedayati Mohammad Vahedi | 2017 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2017，，3： | 8 |
| 12 | 异种搅拌摩擦焊制备铜铝合金双金属纳米复合材料显示文摘对纯铜与AA5754合金进行对接搅拌摩擦焊接。为了降低金属间化合物的有害影响,在搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头中添加纳米SiC强化颗粒。采用拉伸试验、显微硬度试验、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析方法研究焊接接头的性能。结果显示,当焊接速度为50 mm/min、转速为1000 r/min时接头的性能最好。纳米SiC颗粒的存在使搅拌区(SZ)铝和铜的晶粒尺寸分别从38.3和12.4μm减小到12.9和5.1μm。含SiC纳米增强颗粒的接头其抗拉强度约为240 MPa,是铝基体的~90%。且添加SiC纳米颗粒使接头焊缝区的最高显微硬度从HV 160显著增加到HV 320。结果还表明,FSW接头中生成热的升高使Al_(4)Cu_(9)和Al_(2)Cu金属间化合物的数量增加。 | Farhad BAKHTIARI ARGESI Ali SHAMSIPUR Seyyed Ehsan MIRSALEHI | 2021 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2021，31，5： | 8 |
| 13 | 南京地区黑翅土白蚁饵料筛选与取食记忆研究显示文摘通过不同林分黑翅土白蚁采食工蚁的饵料筛选结果,分析白蚁取食经历对食物选择的影响。结果表明:来自不同林分的黑翅土白蚁喜食树种最佳为鹅掌楸树皮粉,其工蚁数量、泥被覆盖率和饵料被食率均较高,泥被出现时间在所有饵料中也相对较早。筛选出的辅食饵料最佳比例为15%小米粉和5%蔗糖,高糖分对黑翅土白蚁仅有短暂的诱食作用,一段时间后,高糖分诱食作用减退。白蚁采食工蚁存在取食记忆现象,取食记忆的持续时间与原取食材料在食物资源中的嗜食序列有关。若原取食材料属于食物选择试验中最嗜食物质,取食记忆可持续存在;否则,一定时间后发生食物选择的改变。试验筛选出最佳饵料配方为80%鹅掌楸树皮粉+15%小米粉+5%蔗糖,采食工蚁对不同树种树皮粉的取食选择可能与化学成分有关。 | 刘佳佳 嵇保中 刘曙雯 曹丹丹 冀士琳 张新慰 杨锦锦 丁芳 Ehsan Soleimani-Nezhadian 汪洪江 | 2015 | 林业科学研究2015，25，1： | 7 |
| 14 | Dissimilar Joining of Pure Copper to Aluminum Alloy via Friction Stir Welding显示文摘In this study, the dissimilar friction stir welding(FSW) butt joints between aluminum alloy 5754-H114 and commercially pure copper were investigated. The thickness of welded plates was 4 mm and the aluminum plate was placed on the advancing side. In order to obtain a suitable flow and a better material mixing, a 1-mm offset was considered for the aluminum plate, toward the butt centerline. For investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSWed joints, optical microscopy and mechanical tests(i.e., uniaxial tensile test and microhardness) were used, respectively.Furthermore, the analysis of intermetallic compounds and fracture surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of heat generation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the FSWed joints was investigated. The results showed that there is an optimum amount of heat input. The intermetallic compounds formed in FSWed joints were Al4Cu9 and Al2Cu. The best results were found in joints with 1000 rpm rotational speed and100 mm/min travel speed. The tensile strength was found as 219 MPa, which reached 84% of the aluminum base strength.Moreover, maximum value of the microhardness of the stir zone(SZ) was attained as about 120 HV, which was greatly depended on the grain size, intermetallic compounds and copper pieces in SZ. | Farhad Bakhtiari Argesi Ali Shamsipur Seyyed Ehsan Mirsalehi | 2018 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2018，31，11： | 7 |
| 15 | 3D finite elements analysis of vertically loaded composite piled raft显示文摘In recent years,a new type of foundation named composite piled raft foundation (also called long short composite piled raft) has been developed.Where designing shallow foundations would mean unacceptable settlement,or other environmental risks exist which could impair the structure in the future,composite piled raft foundations could be used.Finite element method was applied to study the behavior of this type of foundation subjected to vertical loading.In order to determine an optimal pile arrangement pattern which yields the minimum settlement,various pile arrangements under different vertical stress levels were investigated.Results show that with increasing the vertical stress on the raft,the effectiveness of the arrangements of short and long piles become more visible.In addition,a new factor named 'composite piled raft efficiency' (CPRE) has been defined which determines the efficiency of long short piles arrangement in a composite piled raft foundation.This factor will increase when short piles take more axial stresses and long piles take less axial stresses.In addition,it is found that the changes in settlements for different long short piles arrangement are in a well agreement with changes in values of CPRE ratio.Thus,CPRE ratio can be used as a factor to determine the efficiency of piles arrangements in composite piled raft foundation from the view point of reducing raft settlements. | Reza Ziaie Moayed Ehsan Izadi Mehrad Mirsepahi | 2013 | Journal of Central South University2013，20，6： | 7 |
| 16 | A new high performance gas hydrate inhibitor显示文摘In petroleum exploration and production operations,gas hydrates pose serious flow assurance,economic and safety concerns.Thermodynamic inhibitors are widely used to reduce the risks associated with gas hydrate formation.In the present study,systematic laboratory work was undertaken to determine synergistic effects between methanol and a Poly Vinyl Methyl Ether as Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors(LDHIs).A valuable effect was discovered at a certain ratio of methanol to the low dosage hydrate inhibitor. | Ehsan Heidaryan Amir Salarabadi Jamshid Moghadasi Alireza Dourbash | 2010 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2010，19，3： | 7 |
| 17 | 微泡钻井液流变性显示文摘鉴于微泡钻井液在衰竭油气藏钻井中的成功应用,通过实验测试和数据分析研究了微泡钻井液的流变性及稳定性。配制了一种典型的微泡钻井液,在不同温度下对其黏度进行测试,分别采用幂律模型、宾汉塑性模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型对测试数据进行了拟合,发现Herschel-Bulkley模型更能准确描述不同温度下微泡形成前后钻井液的流变性。根据Herschel-Bulkley模型拟合结果,温度升高会提高微泡钻井液的剪切稀释程度,微泡形成后钻井液的静切力和井眼净化能力提高,且在高温下微泡钻井液性能不会明显减弱。低剪切速率下微泡钻井液具有较高的黏度,可以保证良好的孔隙堵塞效果。微泡尺寸增长速率及静态析出实验中液体析出速率可作为评价微泡稳定性的指标:微泡尺寸随时间增加增长缓慢且寿命较长,静态析出实验中液体析出速率低,说明微泡钻井液具有良好的稳定性。 | KHAMEHCHI Ehsan TABIBZADEH Shahin ALIZADEH Ali | 2016 | 石油勘探与开发2016，43，6： | 7 |
| 18 | A new and reliable model for predicting methane viscosity at high pressures and high temperatures显示文摘In recent years, there has been an increase of interest in the flow of gases at relatively high pressures and high temperatures. Hydrodynamic calculation of the energy losses in the flow of gases in conduits, as well as through the porous media constituting natural petroleum reservoirs, requires knowledge of the viscosity of the fluid at the pressure and temperature involved. Although there are numerous publications concerning the viscosity of methane at atmospheric pressure, there appears to be little information available relating to the effect of pressure and temperature upon the viscosity. A survey of the literature reveals that the disagreements between published data on the viscosity of methane are common and that most investigations have been conducted over restricted temperature and pressure ranges. Experimental viscosity data for methane are presented for temperatures from 320 to 400 K and pressures from 3000 to 140000 kPa by using falling body viscometer. A summary is given to evaluate the available data for methane, and a comparison is presented for that data common to the experimental range reported in this paper. A new and reliable correlation for methane gas viscosity is presented. Predicted values are given for temperatures up to 400 K and pressures up to 140000 kPa with Average Absolute Percent Relative Error (EABS) of 0.794. | Ehsan Heidaryan Jamshid Moghadasi Amir Salarabadi | 2010 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2010，19，5： | 6 |
| 19 | Polyp detection rate and pathological features in patients undergoing a comprehensive colonoscopy screening显示文摘AIM To identify the prevalence, and clinical and pathologic characteristic of colonic polyps among Iranian patients undergoing a comprehensive colonoscopy, and determine the polyp detection rate(PDR) and adenoma detection rate(ADR).METHODS In this cross-sectional study, demographics and epidemiologic characteristics of 531 persons who underwent colonoscopies between 2014 and 2015 at Mehrad gastrointestinal clinic were determined. Demographics, indication for colonoscopy, colonoscopy findings, number of polyps, and histopathological characteristics of the polyps were examined for each person.RESULTS Our sample included 295(55.6%) women and 236(44.4%) men, with a mean age of 50.25 ± 14.89 years. Overall PDR was 23.5%(125/531). ADR and colorectal cancer detection rate in this study were 12.8% and 1.5%, respectively. Polyps were detected more significantly frequently in men than in women(52.8% vs 47.2%, P < 0.05). Polyps can be seen in most patients after the age of 50. The average age of patients with cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with polyps(61.3 years vs 56.4 years, P < 0.05). The majority of the polyps were adenomatous. More than 50% of the polyps were found in the rectosigmoid part of the colon.CONCLUSION The prevalence of polyps and adenomas in this study is less than that reported in the Western populations. In our patients, distal colon is more susceptible to developing polyps and cancer than proximal colon. | Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Sara Ashtari Mohmad Amin Pourhoseingholi Vahid Chaleshi Fakhrosadat Anaraki Mehrdad Haghazali Mohammad Reza Zali | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2017，8，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Combined functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints for assessing arteriovenous fistula dysfunction显示文摘Failure of arteriovenous fistulas(AVF) to mature and thrombosis in matured fistulas have been the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Stenosis, which occurs due to adverse remodeling in AVFs, is one of the major underlying factors under both scenarios. Early diagnosis of a stenosis in an AVF can provide an opportunity to intervene in a timelymanner for either assisting the maturation process or avoiding the thrombosis. The goal of surveillance strategies was to supplement the clinical evaluation(i.e., physical examination) of the AVF for better and earlier diagnosis of a developing stenosis. Surveillance strategies were mainly based on measurement of functional hemodynamic endpoints, including blood flow(Q a) to the vascular access and venous access pressure(VAP). As the changes in arterial pressure(MAP) affects the level of VAP, the ratio of VAP to MAP(VAPR = VAP/MAP) was used for diagnosis. A Q a < 400-500 m L/min or a VAPR > 0.55 is considered sign of significant stenosis, which requires immediate intervention. However, due to the complex nature of AVFs, the surveillance strategies have failed to consistently detect stenosis under different scenarios. VAPR has been primarily developed to detect outflow stenosis in arteriovenous grafts, and it hasn't been successful in accurate diagnosis of outflow lesions in AVFs. Similarly, AVFs can maintain relatively high blood flow despite the presence of a significant outflow stenosis and thus, Q a has been found to be a better predictor of only inflow lesions. Similar shortcomings have been reported in the detection of functional severity of coronary stenosis using diagnostic endpoints that were based on either flow or pressure. This limitation has been associated with the fact that both pressure and flow change in the presence of a stenosis and thus, hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints that employ only one of these parameters are inherently prone to inaccuracies. Recent attempts have resulted in development of new diagnostic endpoints that can combine the effects of pressure and flow. These new hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints have shown to be better predictors of functional severity of lesions as compared to either flow or pressure based counterparts. In this review article, we discussed the advantages and limitations of current functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints in AVFs. | Ehsan Rajabi-Jaghargh Rupak K Banerjee | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，1： | 6 |
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