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| 1 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Molecular analysis of the soluble butane monooxygenase from Pseudomonas butanovora显示文摘 | Miria KS Luis AS Daniel JA | 2002 | Micro- biology2002，，148： | 1 |
| 3 | Greenhouse gas emissions from the Tubul-Raqui estuary (central Chile 36°S)显示文摘 | Inger Daniel Michael DeGrandpre Laura Farías | 2013 | Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science2013，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maizel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 5 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB iaisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardio]2007，50，： | 1 |
| 6 | Natriuretic peptides 显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 7 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 8 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coil Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 9 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2012 | J Am CoilCardiol2012，50，25： | 1 |
| 11 | Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasonography screening for hepatocellular carcinoma 显示文摘 | Daniele B Bencivenga A Megna AS | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，127，51： | 1 |
| 12 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，5，25： | 1 |
| 13 | Prognostic signifcance of location and type of myocardial infarction: Independent adverse outcome associated with anterior location显示文摘 | Stone H Daniel S Raube AS | 1988 | JACC1988，11，： | 1 |
| 14 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coil Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 15 | Minimally elevated cardiac troponin T and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide predict mortality in older adults:results from the Rancho Bemardo Study显示文摘 | Daniels LB Laughlin GA Clopton P Maisel AS BarrettConnor E | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Intermediate-term re- suits of total ankle replacement and ankle arthrodesis: a COFAS multicenter study显示文摘 | Daniels TR Younger AS Penner M el al | 2014 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2014，96，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Fish intake during pregnancy and early cognitive development of offspring 显示文摘 | Daniels JL Longnecker MP Rowland AS | 2004 | Epidemiology2004，15，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Natriuretic peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，50，： | 1 |
| 19 | Natriuretic Peptides显示文摘 | Daniels LB Maisel AS | 2007 | J Am Coll Cardiol2007，50，25： | 1 |
| 20 | Macroevolutionary insights into sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification显示文摘Changes in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct and immediate effects on genome structure and recombination rates.These,in turn,may influence ecology and evolutionary trajectories profoundly.Sedges of the genus Carex(Cyperaceae)comprise ca.2000 species with holocentric chromosomes.The genus exhibits a phenomenal range in the chromosome number(2n=10−132)with almost not polyploidy.In this study,we integrated the most comprehensive cytogenetic and phylogenetic data for sedges with associated climatic and morphological data to investigate the hypothesis that high recombination rates are selected when evolutionary innovation is required,using chromosome number evolution as a proxy for recombination rate.We evaluated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models to infer shifts in chromosome number equilibrium and selective regime.We also tested the relationship between chromosome number and diversification rates.Our analyses demonstrate significant correlations between morphology and climatic niche and chromosome number in Carex.Nevertheless,the amount of chromosomal variation that we are able to explain is very small.We recognized a large number of shifts in mean chromosome number,but a significantly lower number in climatic niche and morphology.We also detected a peak in diversification rates near intermediate recombination rates.In combination,these analyses point toward the importance of chromosome evolution to the evolutionary history of Carex.Our work suggests that the effect of chromosome evolution on recombination rates,not just on reproductive isolation,may be central to the evolutionary history of sedges. | José I.Márquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Daniel Spalink Robert F.C.Naczi Eric H.Roalson Modesto Luceño Marcial Escudero | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 1 |
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