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| 1 | 狂犬病预防控制技术指南(2016版)显示文摘狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒感染引起的一种动物源性传染病,临床大多表现为特异性恐风、恐水、咽肌痉挛、进行性瘫痪等。近年来,狂犬病报告死亡数一直位居我国法定报告传染病前列,给人民群众生命健康带来严重威胁。为指导基层疾控机构做好狂犬病的预防控制工作,尤其是暴露后的预防处置,降低狂犬病所致死亡,中国疾病预防控制中心组织专家,参考世界卫生组织和美国疾控中心的技术指南,以及国内外最新研究进展,制定了《狂犬病预防控制技术指南(2016版)》。本指南系统回顾了狂犬病的病原学、临床学、实验室诊断、流行病学、疫苗和被动免疫制剂的种类、机制、效果、安全性和不良反应监测与处置,以及暴露预防处置方法等内容的科学证据,在此基础上对狂犬病暴露前和暴露后预防处置的伤口处置、疫苗接种和被动免疫制剂使用等技术给出了推荐建议。本指南适用于从事狂犬病防控工作的各级各类疾病预防控制机构、狂犬病暴露预防处置门诊、医疗机构感染科和急诊科等专业人员。根据狂犬病的国内外研究进展,本指南今后将不断更新、完善。 | Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention | 2016 | 中国病毒病杂志2016，6，3： | 84 |
| 2 | 全国艾滋病检测技术规范(2015年修订版)显示文摘前言艾滋病在我国的流行已数十年,随着感染者和临床病人的不断增加、感染人群的变化,艾滋病检测工作量逐渐加大,对监测和检测的需求也不断增加,承担艾滋病检测的实验室已遍及全国各级医疗、疾病预防控制、采供血、妇幼保健机构,出入境检验检疫、军队等各个系统。 | Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention | 2016 | 中国病毒病杂志2016，6，6： | 164 |
| 3 | Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel)显示文摘In order to ascertain the invasive mechanism and control strategy of the invasive Crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora, its ecological adaptability and population differentiation,the formation of single dominant population, displacement of native plants and sustainable management strategies were investigated. The present results helped to clarify and explain such issues as the adaptability post invasion,interaction and competition between inter-and intra-species and community resistance, thereby providing important references to researches on other invasive alien species. | WAN FangHao1, LIU WanXue1, GUO JianYing1, QIANG Sheng2, LI BaoPing2, WANG JinJun3, YANG GuoQing1, NIU HongBang1, GUI FuRong1, HUANG WenKun1, JIANG ZhiLin1 & WANG WenQi3 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，11： | 42 |
| 4 | Fuzzy interface treatment in Eulerian method显示文摘In this paper, we incorporate fuzzy mathematics approach into the Eulerian method to simulate three dimensional multi-material interfaces. In particular, we propose a fuzzy interface treatment for describing interfaces, designing transport plans, and computing transport quantities. Using a set of three-dimensional inviscid isothermal elastic-plastic hydrodynamic equations, we simulate shaped charge jet in different filled dynamite structures. Strain and stress have been under consideration in simulations. Numerical results demonstrate that the fuzzy interface treatment is correct and efficient for three-dimensional multi-material problems. | NING Jianguo1 & CHEN Longwei1,2 1. National Key Laboratory of Protection and Control of Explosive Disaster, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China 2. The Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Ning Jianguo | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，5： | 40 |
| 5 | Effect of proteins,polysaccharides,and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability显示文摘Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins(PN) and polysaccharides(PS) in the sludge,the PN/PS ratio,the particle sizes,and their relationship with sludge dewaterability(as determined by capillary suction time,CST) . The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation-and ultrasound-based method into four fractions:(1) slime,(2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS) ,(3) tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS) ,and(4) pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet(80.7%) and TB-EPS(9.6%) fractions,while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification,PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction,but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340-450 s under alkaline conditions. However,it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was affected by soluble PN,soluble PN/PS,and particle sizes of sludge flocs,but was affected slightly by total PN,PS,or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions(except slime) . | SHAO Liming,HE Peipei,YU Guanghui,HE Pinjing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，1： | 37 |
| 6 | Stability of neutral stochastic differential equations显示文摘Let ω(t) = (ω1(t),…, ωm(t))T be a Brownian motion defined on a complete probabili-ty space (Ω, F, P). τ>0, A, B, C are n×n matrices. σ: R+×Rn×Rn→Rn×n, whichis locally Lipschitz continuous and satisfies the linear growth condition. Theorem 1. Assume that there exists a symmetric nonnegative n×n matrix D such thatthe symmetric | LIAO Xiaoxi and MAO Xuerong1 Department of Automatic Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde GL LXH, U K. | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，13： | 39 |
| 7 | New development thoughts on the bio-inspired intelligence based control for unmanned combat aerial vehicle显示文摘Bio-inspired intelligence is in the spotlight in the field of international artificial intelligence,and unmanned combat aerial vehicle(UCAV),owing to its potential to perform dangerous,repetitive tasks in remote and hazardous,is very promising for the technological leadership of the nation and essential for improving the security of society.On the basis of introduction of bioinspired intelligence and UCAV,a series of new development thoughts on UCAV control are proposed,including artificial brain based high-level autonomous control for UCAV,swarm intelligence based cooperative control for multiple UCAVs,hy-brid swarm intelligence and Bayesian network based situation assessment under complicated combating environments, bio-inspired hardware based high-level autonomous control for UCAV,and meta-heuristic intelligence based heterogeneous cooperative control for multiple UCAVs and unmanned combat ground vehicles(UCGVs).The exact realization of the proposed new development thoughts can enhance the effectiveness of combat,while provide a series of novel breakthroughs for the intelligence,integration and advancement of future UCAV systems. | DUAN HaiBin 1 ,SHAO Shan 2 ,SU BingWei 3 &ZHANG Lei 41 State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Holistic Flight Control,School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,China 2 Flight Control Department,Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shenyang 110035,China 3 Beijing Institute of Near Space Vehicle’s System Engineering,Beijing 100076,China 4Integration and Project Section,Air Force Equipment Academy,Beijing 100085,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 32 |
| 8 | Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and Its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation显示文摘The causal agent for SARS is considered as a novel coronavirus that has never been described both in human and animals previously. The stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and in environments was studied. Methods Using a SARS coronavirus strain CoV-P9,which was isolated from pharyngeal swab of a probable SARS case in Beijing, its stability in mimic human specimens and in mimic environment including surfaces of commonly used materials or in household conditions, as well as its resistances to temperature and UV irradiation were analyzed. A total of 106 TCID50 viruses were placed in each tested condition, and changes of the viral infectivity in samples after treatments were measured by evaluating cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell line Vero-E6 at 48 h after infectionn. Results The results showed that SARS coronavirus in the testing condition could survive in serum, 1:20 diluted sputum and feces for at least 96 h, whereas it could remain alive in urine for at least 72 h with a low level of infectivity. The survival abilities on the surfaces of eight different materials and in water were quite comparable, revealing reduction of infectivity after 72 to 96 h exposure. Viruses stayed stable at 4℃, at room temperature (20℃) and at 37℃ for at least 2 h without remarkable change in the infectious ability in cells, but were convened to be non-infectious after 90-, 60- and 30-min exposure at 56℃, at 67℃ and at 75℃, respectively. Irradiation of UV for 60 min on the virus in culture medium resulted in the destruction of viral infectivity at an undetectable level. Conclusion The survival ability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and in environments seems to be relatively strong. Heating and UV irradiation can efficiently eliminate the viral infectivity. | SHU-MING DUAN, XIN-SHENG ZHAO, RUI-FU WEN, JING-JING HUANG, GUO-HUA PI, SU-XIANG ZHANG, JUN HAN, SHENG-LI BI, LI RUAN, XIAO-PING DONGAND SARS RESEARCH TEAMInstitute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ying-Xin Rd. 100, Beijing 100052, China | 2003 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2003，16，3： | 29 |
| 9 | A New Discipline of Science-The Study of Open Complex Giant System and Its Methodology显示文摘This paper introduces the conception of open complex giant system and the methodology for dealing with the system, with stress on its profound significance in development of science and technology. The authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable to open complex giant system, and the only feasible alternative is the meta-synthetic engineering from the qualitative to the quantitative. | Qian XuesenChina Association for Science and Technology, Beijing 100863, ChinaYu JingyuanBeijing Institute of Information and Control, P.O.Box 824, Beijing 100037, ChinaDai RuweiInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 1993 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics1993，4，2： | 28 |
| 10 | 中国丙型病毒性肝炎医院感染防控指南显示文摘丙型病毒性肝炎是一种主要经血液传播的疾病,丙型病毒性肝炎病毒(HCV)慢性感染可导致肝脏慢性炎症坏死及纤维化,部分患者可发展为肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌(HCC),对患者的健康和生命危害极大,已成为严重的社会和公共卫生问题。由于丙型病毒性肝炎患者症状隐匿, | Nosocomial Infection Control Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association | 2013 | 传染病信息2013，26，2： | 28 |
| 11 | The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor显示文摘The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L·d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO -2-N/(L·d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification(0.05 gN/(L·d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite(34.3 mg/L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis. | ZHANG Dai-jun 1,2 (1. Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Campus A, Chongqing 400044, China 2. Key Laboratory for the Southwest China Resources Exploitation and Environmental Disaster Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, China.) | 2003 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2003，15，3： | 26 |
| 12 | Effects of Meat and Phosphate Level on Water-Holding Capacity and Texture of Emulsion-Type Sausage During Storage显示文摘This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity (WHC) and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat,ageing meat or frozen meat.Pre-rigor pork,ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage.The yield,hardness and total expressible fluid (TEF) were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced.Meanwhile,hardness and purge loss (PL) were measured during 30 d storage.As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat,higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found.It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat,but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat.The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition.Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage.Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage.Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level (3%) of NaCl. | WANG Peng,XU Xing-lian and ZHOU Guang-hong Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control,Ministry of Education/Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,P.R.China | 2009 | Agricultural Sciences in China2009，8，12： | 24 |
| 13 | The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze显示文摘Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants (mainly ozone) and fine particulate matter,which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources.The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze,reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate.In an air pollution complex,the coexistence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reactants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles;these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere,as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter,thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze.Using in situ technologies,such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy,we systematically investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants (i.e.,NO2,SO2,O3,and formaldehyde) on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3,kaolinite,montmorillonite,NaCl,sea salt,Al2O3,and TiO2.We found that the main reaction products were sulfate,nitrate,or formate,which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly.By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions,we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems,i.e.,NO2-particlesH2O,SO2-particles-O3,and organics/SO2-particles–UV illumination.These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze. | ZHU Tong,SHANG Jing & ZHAO DeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 24 |
| 14 | Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere显示文摘Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested. | DING Jie & ZHU Tong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhu Tong (e-mail:tzhu@ pku.edu.cn) | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，21： | 24 |
| 15 | On the new results of global attractive set and positive invariant set of the Lorenz chaotic system and the applications to chaos control and synchronization显示文摘Constructing a family of generalized Lyapunov functions, a new method is proposed to obtain new global attractive set and positive invariant set of the Lorenz chaotic system. The method we proposed greatly simplifies the complex proofs of the two famous estimations presented by the Russian scholar Leonov. Our uniform formula can derive a series of the new estimations. Employing the idea of intersection in set theory, we extract a new Leonov formula-like estimation from the family of the estimations. With our method and the new estimation, one can confirm that there are no equilibrium, periodic solutions, almost periodic motions, wandering motions or other chaotic attractors outside the global attractive set. The Lorenz butterfly-like singular attractors are located in the global attractive set only. This result is applied to the chaos control and chaos synchronization. Some feedback control laws are obtained to guarantee that all the trajectories of the Lorenz systems track a periodic solution, or globally stabilize an unstable (or locally stable but not globally asymptotically stable) equilibrium. Further, some new global exponential chaos synchronization results are presented. Our new method and the new results are expected to be applied in real secure communication systems. | LIAO Xiaoxin 1, 2, 3 , FU Yuli 4 & XIE Shengli 4 1. Department of Control Science & Control Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2. School of Automation, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 3. School of Information, Central South University of Economy, Politics and Law, Wuhan 430064, China 4. School of Electronics & Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China Correspondence should be addressed to Liao Xiaoxin (email: xiaoxin_liao@hotmail.com) | 2005 | Science in China(Series F)2005，48，3： | 23 |
| 16 | Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in China (2005)显示文摘 | Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention | 2006 | Chinese Medical Journal2006，，19： | 23 |
| 17 | Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO_2 supported on activated carbon:Mechanism implication显示文摘The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon(TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation.Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis(MPC),RhB(30 mg/L) was almost completely decoloured in 10 min,and the mineralization effciency was 96.0% in 20 min.The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25.Additionally,according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC/MS) identification,the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates(N,N-diethyl-N'-ethyl-rhodamine(DER)),oxalic acid,malonic acid,succinic acid,and phthalic acid,maleic acid,3-nitrobenzoic acid,and so on.The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure,and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide. | HE Zhong,YANG Shaogui,JU Yongming,SUN Cheng State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，2： | 22 |
| 18 | Receding horizon control for multi-UAVs close formation control based on differential evolution显示文摘Close formation flight is one of the most complicated problems on multi-uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) coordinated control. Based on the nonlinear model of multi-UAVs close formation, a novel type of control strategy of using hybrid receding horizon control (RHC) and differential evolution algorithm is proposed. The issue of multi-UAVs close formation is transformed into several on-line optimization problems at a series of receding horizons, while the differential evolution algorithm is adopted to optimize control sequences at each receding horizon. Then, based on the Markov chain model, the convergence of differential evolution is proved. The working process of RHC controller is presented in detail, and the stability of close formation controller is also analyzed. Finally, three simulation experiments are performed, and the simulation results show the feasibility and validity of our proposed control algorithm. | ZHANG XiangYin, DUAN HaiBin & YU YaXiang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Holistic Control, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China | 2010 | Science China(Information Sciences)2010，53，2： | 22 |
| 19 | 中国成人乙型肝炎免疫预防技术指南显示文摘一、引言
乙型肝炎(乙肝)是由乙肝病毒(HBV)引起的以肝脏损坏为主要病变的传染病,全球均有分布,但我国是HBV感染率较高的国家。我国自1992年起在全国实施新生儿接种乙肝疫苗工作,并将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理。1992和2006年我国开展了两次乙肝血清流行病学调查, | Chinese Prevention Medicine Association,National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention | 2012 | 中国病毒病杂志2012，2，1： | 22 |
| 20 | 全间歇短程化疗方案治疗新发涂阳肺结核的远期疗效分析显示文摘目的世界银行贷款中国结核病控制项目首次将全间歇短程化疗(短化)方案[2H3R3Z3S3(E3)/4H3R3]应用于国家结核病控制规划,取得了满意的近期疗效。为评价方案的有效性,特进行远期效果观察。方法对12个项目省、自治区56个示范县1992年全年登记的新发涂阳患者,在治愈后2年进行了结核分支杆菌涂片检查,以了解细菌学复发情况。结果4400例治愈患者经痰涂片检查,发现135例痰菌复阳,复发率为3.1%。结论本研究与国内外短化每日疗法与继续期间歇的6个月短化方案相比,其复发率相近。证明本方案治愈率高(复发率在3%左右),不失为一个可优先推广应用于国家结核病规划的化疗方案之一。 | Tuberculosis Control Project Cooperation Group.Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute,Beijing 101149 | 1997 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志1997，20，3： | 21 |
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