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| 1 | Formaldehyde stress显示文摘Formaldehyde,one of the most toxic organic compounds,is produced and processed in human cells.The level of human endogenous formaldehyde is maintained at a low concentration(0.01-0.08 mmol L-1 in blood) under physiological conditions,but the concentration increases during ageing(over 65 years old).Clinical trials have shown that urine formaldehyde concentrations are significantly different between elderly Alzheimer's patients(n=91) and normal elderly volunteers(n=38)(P<0.001).Abnormally high levels of intrinsic formaldehyde lead to dysfunction in cognition such as learning decline and memory loss.Excess extracellular and intracellular formaldehyde could induce metabolic response and abnormal modifications of cellular proteins such as hydroxymethylation and hyperphosphorylation,protein misfolding,nuclear translocation and even cell death.This cellular response called formaldehyde stress is dependent upon the concentration of formaldehyde.Chronic impairments of the brain resulted from formaldehyde stress could be one of the mechanisms involved in the process of senile dementia during ageing. | HE RongQiao1*,LU Jing1,2 & MIAO JunYe1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 16 |
| 2 | Antioxidant effects of green tea polyphenols显示文摘The unprecedented interest in the antioxidant activity of green tea polyphenols (GTP) is due to the appar-ent health benefits of tea drinking and the experimental re-sults with the polyphenols. The results suggest that the gal-loylated catechins show stronger antioxidant effect than that of nongalloylated catechins and the double bond in C ring also plays an important role in this effect. There are synergic effects between different catechins and the antioxidant effect of (+)-epimers is stronger than that of (-)-epimers. The active site to scavenge free radicals mainly locates in p-hydroxyl of phenol in gallic acid and hydroxyl of phenol in the pyrane also shows activity. The large p bond in chromane and benzene ring of catechin is the structure base for their anti-oxidant effects. The prevent effect of GTP against diseases and their redox regulation in cell signal pathway are very important to be studied in the future. | ZHAO Baolu Laboratory of Visual Information Processing, Research Centers of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，4： | 16 |
| 3 | Event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task of abnormal response inhibition in heroin addicts显示文摘Inhibitory control dysfunction is regarded as a core feature in addicts.The major objective of this study was to explore the time course of response inhibition in chronic heroin addicts and provide the neurophysiological evidence of their inhibitory control dysfunction.The amplitudes and latencies of ERP components were studied in fourteen heroin addicts(mean duration of heroin use being(13.54±5.71) years(Mean±SD),average abstinence being((4.67±6.44) months)) and fourteen matched healthy controls with a visual Go/Nogo task.Our results showed that heroin addicts demonstrated significantly larger Go-N2 amplitudes which results in a decreased N2 Go/Nogo effect,but no statistically significant differences were found between heroin addicts and controls in P3.The ERP data suggest that fronto-central areas of heroin addicts were impaired during the inhibition process(200-300 ms) and over-activated to targets.The impaired early process might reflect an abnormal conflict monitoring process in heroin addicts.These results consolidate the inhibitory control dysfunction hypothesis in chronic heroin users. | YANG Bo1,YANG SuYong2,ZHAO Lun3,YIN LiuHua1,LIU Xu1& AN ShaSha1 1 Laboratory of Psychology,School of Sociology,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China 2 National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China 3 Institute of Language,Xuzhou Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，8： | 15 |
| 4 | Upregulation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) Is Involved in Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing and Aβ Generation显示文摘The amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and its pathogenic byproduct β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) play central roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reduction in | Wei Zheng , 1, Na Xin , 1, Zhi-Hong Chi , Jie Zhang , Bo-Lu Zhao , Jia-Yi Li , Zhan-You Wang , 2 Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Laboratory of Cell Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China State Key laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, PR China Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden | 2009 | 生物物理学报2009，25，S1： | 8 |
| 5 | The cessation and detoxification effect of tea filters on cigarette smoke显示文摘To treat tobacco addiction,a tea filter was developed and studied for smoking cessation.This work reports the smoking cessation effect of tea when it was used as a component of cigarette filters.In one trial it was found that after using the tea filters for 2 months,the volunteer smokers decreased their cigarette consumption by 56.5%,and 31.7% of them stopped smoking.This work identified a new method and material,tea filter and theanine,which inhibit tobacco and nicotine addiction and provide an effective strategy for treating tobacco addiction. | YAN JingQi1,2,DI XiaoJing1,4,LIU CaiYi3,ZHANG HuiMin3,HUANG XiouQin3,ZHANG JunJing1,2,ZHAO Yan5,ZHANG LongZe1,CHANG YanZhong4,LIANG YongLin2$,TAO Ran3 & ZHAO BaoLu1,21 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2 Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 3 Addiction Branch,Beijing Military Region General Hospital,Beijing 100700,China 4 Institute of Molecular Neurobiology,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050016,China 5 Department of Food Sciences and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai 264209,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，5： | 8 |
| 6 | In search of the Chinese self:An fMRI study显示文摘Cultural influences on the concept of self is a very important topic for social cognitive neuroscientific exploration, as yet, little if anything is known about this topic at the neural level. The present study investigates this problem by looking at the Chinese culture’s influence on the concept of self, in which the self includes mother. In Western cultures, self-referential processing leads to a memory performance advantage over other forms of semantic processing including mother-referential, other-referential and general semantic processing, and an advantage that is potentially localizable to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). In Chinese culture, however, the behavioral study showed that mother-referential processing was comparable with self-referential processing in both memory per-formance and autonoetic awareness. The present study attempts to address whether similar neural correlates (e.g. MPFC) are acting to facilitate both types of referencing. Participants judged trait ad-jectives under three reference conditions of self, other and semantic processing in Experiment I, and a mother-reference condition replaced the other-reference condition in Experiment II. The results showed that when compared to other, self-referential processing yielded activations of MPFC and cingulate areas. However, when compared to mother, the activation of MPFC disappeared in self-referential processing, which suggests that mother and self may have a common brain region in the MPFC and that the Chinese idea of self includes mother. | ZHANG Li1,4, ZHOU Tiangang2, ZHANG Jian1, LIU Zuxiang1,2, FAN Jin3 & ZHU Ying11. Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA 4. Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，1： | 7 |
| 7 | The age of synthesis:From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter显示文摘This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created. | CAI ShuShan1,2 1 Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China 2 Center for Psychology and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，6： | 7 |
| 8 | False belief reasoning in the brain: An ERP study显示文摘Understanding others mind and interpersonal interaction are the cognitive basis of successful social interactions. People's mental states and behaviors rely on their holding beliefs for self and others. To investigate the neural substrates of false belief reasoning, the 32 channels event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 normal adults were measured while they understood false-belief and true belief used de-ceptive appearance task. After onset of the false-belief or true-belief questions, N100, P200 and late negative component (LNC) were elicited at centro-frontal sites. Compared with true belief, false belief reasoning elicited significant declined LNC in the time window from 400 to 800 ms. The source analysis of difference wave (False minus True) showed a dipole located in the middle cingulated cortex. These findings show that false belief reasoning probably included inhibitive process. | WANG YiWen1,2,3, LIU Yan2, GAO YanXia2, CHEN Jing2, ZHANG Wenxin2 & LIN ChongDe3 1 Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 2 School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China 3 The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Research progress on Drosophila visual cognition in China显示文摘Visual cognition,as one of the fundamental aspects of cognitive neuroscience,is generally associated with high-order brain functions in animals and human.Drosophila,as a model organism,shares certain features of visual cognition in common with mammals at the genetic,molecular,cellular,and even higher behavioral levels.From learning and memory to decision making,Drosophila covers a broad spectrum of higher cognitive behaviors beyond what we had expected.Armed with powerful tools of genetic manipulation in Drosophila,an increasing number of studies have been conducted in order to elucidate the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these cognitive behaviors from a genes-brain-behavior perspective.The goal of this review is to integrate the most important studies on visual cognition in Drosophila carried out in China's Mainland during the last decade into a body of knowledge encompassing both the basic neural operations and circuitry of higher brain function in Drosophila.Here,we consider a series of the higher cognitive behaviors beyond learning and memory,such as visual pattern recognition,feature and context generalization,different feature memory traces,salience-based decision,attention-like behavior,and cross-modal leaning and memory.We discuss the possible general gain-gating mechanism implementing by dopamine-mushroom body circuit in fly's visual cognition.We hope that our brief review on this aspect will inspire further study on visual cognition in flies,or even beyond. | GUO AiKe1,2,ZHANG Ke1,PENG YueQin1 & XI Wang1 1 Institute of Neuroscience,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，3： | 6 |
| 10 | Emotional expectations influence neural sensitivity to fearful faces in humans:An event-related potential study显示文摘The present study tested whether neural sensitivity to salient emotional facial expressions was influenced by emotional expectations induced by a cue that validly predicted the expression of a subsequently presented target face. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by fearful and neutral faces were recorded while participants performed a gender discrimination task under cued (‘expected’) and uncued (‘unexpected’) conditions. The behavioral results revealed that accuracy was lower for fearful compared with neutral faces in the unexpected condition, while accuracy was similar for fearful and neutral faces in the expected condition. ERP data revealed increased amplitudes in the P2 component and 200–250 ms interval for unexpected fearful versus neutral faces. By contrast, ERP responses were similar for fearful and neutral faces in the expected condition. These findings indicate that human neural sensitivity to fearful faces is modulated by emotional expectations. Although the neural system is sensitive to unpredictable emotionally salient stimuli, sensitivity to salient stimuli is reduced when these stimuli are predictable. | YANG JieMin1,2, YUAN JiaJin1,2 & LI Hong1,2 1Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400715, China 2School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqin 400715, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，11： | 6 |
| 11 | Electrophysiological evidence of personal experiences in the great Sichuan earthquake impacting on selective attention显示文摘Event-related brain potentials(ERPs) were measured when 24 Chinese subjects performed the earthquake color-matching Stroop task.All of them have experienced the great Sichuan earthquake(5.12),with 12 subjects in each of Chengdu city and Chongqing city(different earthquake experiences) groups.The behavioral data showed that the earthquake Stroop task yielded robust the earthquake interference effect as indexed by longer RT for earthquake-related(Related) words than earthquake-unrelated(Unrelated) words only in the Chengdu group.Scalp ERP analysis also revealed the neurophysiological substrate of the interference effect:a greater positivity(P350-450) in Related words as compared to Unrelated words was found between 350 and 450 ms post-stimulus over fronto-central scalp regions in the Chengdu group,while the interference effect was not found in the Chongqing group.The P350-450 might reflect an earthquake experience interference,but also attention enhancing,effect of earthquake-related words.Dipole source analysis of the difference wave(Related-Unrelated) showed that a generator was localized in the parahippocampal gyrus,which was possibly associated with flashbulb memory(personal earthquake experience).The results indicated that different personal earthquake experiences might be critical in engaging the neural mechanisms that underlie the modulation of selective attention. | QIU Jiang1,2,LI Hong1,2,ZHANG QingLin1,2,HUANG LiHui2,GUO YaQiao2,TU Shen2,WANG Ting2 & WEI DongTao2 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China 2 School of psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，7： | 4 |
| 12 | The Logical Structure of Open Sets | Ju Shier, Director of Institute of Logic and Cognition of Zhongshan University, Professor of Department of Philosophy of Zhongshan University. Liu Hu, PhD, Zhongshan University, Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh. | 2003 | Social Sciences in China2003，24，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Global perception depends on coherent work of bilateral visual cortices: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies显示文摘Previous research suggests that the right and left hemispheres dominate global and local perception of hierarchical patterns, respectively. The current work examined whether global perception of hierarchi-cal stimuli requires coherent work of bilateral visual cortices using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects discriminated global or local properties of compound letters in Experiment 1. Reaction times were recorded when single-pulse real TMS or sham TMS was delivered over the left or right visual cortex. While a global precedence effect (i.e., faster responses to global than local targets and stronger global-to-local interference than the reverse) was observed, TMS decreased global-to-local interference whereas increased local-to-global interference. Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that the effects observed in Experiment 1 resulted from perceptual learning. Experiment 3 used compound shapes and observed TMS effect similar to that in Experiment 1. Moreover, TMS also slowed global RTs whereas speeded up local RTs in Experiment 3. Finally, the TMS effects observed in Experiments 1 and 3 did not differ between the conditions when TMS was applied over the left and right hemispheres. The results support a coherence hypothesis that global perception of compound stimuli depends upon the co-herent work of bilateral visual cortices. | ZHANG Xin1 & HAN ShiHui1,2 1 Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 Learning & Cognition Lab, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Properties of mouse retinal ganglion cell dendritic growth during postnatal development显示文摘The property of dendritic growth dynamics during development is a subject of intense interest.Here,we investigated the dendritic motility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during different developmental stages,using ex vivo mouse retina explant culture,Semliki Forest Virus transfection and time-lapse observations.The results illustrated that during development,the dendritic motility underwent a change from rapid growth to a relatively stable state,i.e.,at P0 (day of birth),RGC dendrites were in a highly active state,whereas at postnatal 13 (P13) they were more stable,and at P3 and P8,the RGCs were in an intermediate state.At any given developmental stage,RGCs of different types displayed the same dendritic growth rate and extent.Since the mouse is the most popular mammalian model for genetic manipulation,this study provided a methodological foundation for further exploring the regulatory mechanisms of dendritic development. | YANG XiuLan,SHI XiangMing & HE ShiGang State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 2 |
| 15 | NF-κB,a hot topic in biochemical and medical studies in China显示文摘In 1986, nuclear factor (NF)-κB was first discovered in the laboratory of Nobel Prize laureate David Baltimore via its interaction with a sequence (5′-GGGACTTTCC-3′) in the immunoglobulin light-chain enhancer in B | WEI Yan State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 2 |
| 16 | 显示文摘 | Toneatto T Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling | 1999 | Substance Use & Misuse1999，34，11： | 1 |
| 17 | The Jasper experiment: An exploration of is- sues in learning and instructional design显示文摘 | COGNITION AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP AT VAN- DERBILT | 1992 | Education- al Technology Research and Development1992，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Using Evolutionary Algorithm显示文摘 | ZHAO Zhi Cognitive jin PENG Zhen ZHENG Shi lian Radio Spectrum Allocation | 2009 | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications2009，，09： | 1 |
| 19 | Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaireand the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I显示文摘 | Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group | 2003 | BehavRes Ther2003，41，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaireand interpretation of intrusions inventory-Part 2: factoranalyses and testing of a brief version显示文摘 | Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group | 2005 | Behav Res Ther2005，43，11： | 1 |
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