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| 1 | 木薯产品营养成分的分析与比较研究显示文摘本试验对3种木薯产品及玉米对照样品的主要营养成分包括粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉、氨基酸、非淀粉多糖、矿物质的含量及其体外干物质和淀粉消化率、淀粉颗粒特征等指标进行了比较研究。结果表明,与玉米对照相比,木薯产品粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量较低,蛋白质品质低劣;木薯粒粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分含量均显著高于玉米(P<0.05);木薯渣无氮浸出物含量显著低于木薯干(P<0.05),而粗灰分和粗纤维含量均显著高于木薯干和玉米(P<0.05);木薯干和木薯粒的总淀粉含量与玉米相当,但直链淀粉/支链淀粉比值显著低于玉米(P<0.05),木薯渣中抗性淀粉含量显著高于其他木薯产品和玉米对照(P<0.05),玉米淀粉粒形态为不规则多面体,而木薯淀粉粒形态似球形;木薯产品中钙、钾、铁和锰的含量均显著高于玉米(P<0.05),而磷和锌的含量均显著低于玉米(P<0.05);玉米中可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP)含量显著低于3种木薯产品,且木薯渣中SNSP含量显著高于木薯干和木薯粒(P<0.05);木薯渣中不溶性非淀粉多糖含量显著高于木薯干和木薯粒(P<0.05),且其不溶性半乳糖的含量显著高于其他木薯产品及玉米(P<0.05);木薯粒干物质和淀粉消化率均显著高于木薯干、木薯渣和玉米(P<0.05),木薯渣干物质和淀粉消化率均显著低于玉米和木薯干(P<0.05)。本研究结果对木薯产品在饲料中的应用有一定的指导意义。 | 唐德富 Iji P Choct M 汝应俊 宋淑玉 Clarke K L | 2014 | 中国畜牧兽医2014，41，9： | 15 |
| 2 | Cassava:Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets显示文摘Insufficient supply, high prices and competition with the human food and biofuel industries means there is a continuous demand for alternative energy sources for poultry. As a result, cassava is becoming an increasingly important ingredient in poultry diets, largely due to its high availability. Efficient use of cassava products has been shown to reduce feed costs of poultry production. The utilisation of cassava is,however, limited by a number of factors, including its high fibre and low energy content and the presence of anti-nutritional factors, primarily hydrocyanic acid(HCN). With correct processing the inclusion level of cassava in poultry diets could be increased. Extensive research has been conducted on cassava products for poultry, but there is still a lack of consistency amongst the measured nutritive values for cassava and its products, hence variation exists in results from poultry studies. This paper reviews the nutrient composition of cassava products and its value as an alternative energy source in poultry diets. | Natalie K.Morgan Mingan Choct | 2016 | Animal Nutrition2016，，4： | 11 |
| 3 | Effects of yeast cell wall on growth performance, immune responses and intestinal short chain fatty acid concentrations of broilers in an experimental necrotic enteritis model显示文摘Subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE) causes devastating economic losses in the broiler chicken industry,especially in birds raised free of in-feed antibiotics. Prebiotics are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Yeast cell wall extract(YCW) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a prebiotic with known immune modulating effects. This study examined the effects of YCW and antibiotics(AB) during subclinical NE on broiler growth performance, intestinal lesions, humoral immune response and gut microflora metabolites. The study employed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were:NE challenge(yes or no) and feed additive(control, AB, or YCW). Each treatment was replicated in 8 floor pens with 15 birds per pen. Challenged birds had higher feed conversion ratio(FCR) than unchallenged birds on d 35(P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of AB decreased FCR regardless of challenge(P < 0.05) on d 24 and 35. Inclusion of YCW reduced serum interleukin-1(IL-1) concentration in NE challenged birds(P < 0.01) and increased immunoglobulin(Ig) G(P < 0.05) and Ig M(P < 0.05) levels compared to other dietary treatments regardless of challenge. Yeast cell wall extract increased formic acid concentration in cecal contents during challenge and increased butyric acid concentration in unchallenged birds on d 16.This study indicates YCW suppressed inflammatory response, promoted generation of immunoglobulin and increased short chain fatty acid production suggesting potential benefits to bird health. | Guang-Da Xue Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct Robert A.Swick | 2017 | Animal Nutrition2017，，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Effect of oat hulls as a free choice feeding on broiler performance,short chain fatty acids and microflora under a mild necrotic enteritis challenge显示文摘Structure of fibre has been reported to enhance performance,intestinal function and modify the composition and quantity of the microbial population in the chicken gastrointestinal tract.It is hypothesised that insoluble fibre in oat hulls may improve gut health and reduce intestinal Clostridium perfringens number.This research assessed the effect of free choice oat hulls(OH) on performance and gut microbiota in broilers during a mild(subclinical) necrotic enteritis(NE) challenge.A total of 240 dayold male Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 24 cages in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.Factors were challenge - or +; and OH - or +.On d 16,challenged broilers had lower weight gain and feed intake(P < 0.05) compared with unchallenged broilers.Ond 16,broilers given OH had lower feed intake(P < 0.05) and tended to have lower(P=0.062) feed conversion ratio(FCR) compared with those without access to OH.Broiler performance,however,was not affected by OH nor by challenge on d 24 and 35.The broilers given OH had heavier gizzards(P < 0.05) compared with those without OH at d 35 but not at d 13 or 16.Increased numbers of C.perfringens(P < 0.001) and reduced numbers(P < 0.05)of Lactobacillus and Salmonellae were observed in the caecal contents of challenged broilers on d 16.Challenged broilers had a lower concentration of caecal acetic acid(P < 0.01) compared with unchallenged broilers at d 16.The broilers given OH had lower concentrations of caecal acetic acid(P < 0.05),propionic acid(P < 0.05),and valeric acid(P < 0.01) compared with those without access to OH.An OH by challenge interaction on succinic acid concentration was observed on d 16(P < 0.05).Oat hulls elevated the caecal succinic acid concentration only in the unchallenged broilers.This study indicated a positive role of OH through improved gizzard function and increased succinic acid in the gut but its role in controlling NE was not conclusive. | Sarbast K.Kheravii Robert A.Swick Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers显示文摘Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to 21.Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E than those fed AX(P = 0.050). Ileal and caecal microbiota concentrations were numerically higher and pH was lower in birds fed AXOS and AX + E than those fed AX. Results from this study indicate that feeding AXOS directly is more efficient than AXOS generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and suggest that AXOS has a potential to be an efficacious prebiotic in broiler diets. | Natalie K.Morgan Chake Keerqin Andrew Wallace Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，1： | 8 |
| 6 | Towards the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens with in-feed antibiotics phasing-out worldwide显示文摘Poultry production has undergone a substantial increase compared to the livestock industries since 1970.However, the industry worldwide is now facing challenges with the removal of in-feed antibiotics completely or gradually, as the once well-controlled poultry diseases have re-emerged to cause tremendous loss of production. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is one of the most important diseases which costs the industry over two billion dollars annually. In this paper, we review the progress on the etiology of NE and its control through dietary modifications, pre-and probiotics, short chain fatty acids, and vaccination. The other likely measures resulted in the most advances in the toxin characterization are also discussed. Vaccine strategies may have greater potential for the control of NE mainly due to clearer etiology of NE having been elucidated in recent years with the identification of necrotic enteritis toxin B-like(NetB) toxin. Therefore, the use of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics with a better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and NE, and limiting exposure to infectious agents through biosecurity and vaccination, might be a tool to reduce the incidence of NE and to improve gut health in the absence of in-feed antibiotics. More importantly, the combinations of different measures may achieve greater protection of birds against the disease. Among all the alternatives investigated, prebiotics, organic acids and vaccination have shown improved gastrointestinal health and thus, have potential for the control of NE. | Shawkat A.M'Sadeq Shubiao Wu Robert A.Swick Mingan Choct | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Modulations of genes related to gut integrity,apoptosis,and immunity underlie the beneficial effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 in broilers fed diets with different protein levels in a necrotic enteritis challenge model显示文摘Background:The ban of in-feed antimicrobial additives has negatively affected the poultry industry by causing necrotic enteritis(NE)to emerge in the flocks.Alternatives such as Bacillus probiotics have shown to be effective on eliminating the negative effects of this disease.Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940(BA)in broiler chickens under NE challenge and/or fed diets with different protein levels.Methods:In both experiments,480 day-old mix-sexed Ross-308 broilers were arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.In experiment 1,the factors were NE challenge(yes or no)and probiotic(yes or no).In experiment 2,the factors were dietary crude protein levels(standard or reduced)and probiotic(yes or no)and were used under NE challenge condition.Oral administration of Eimeria oocysts(day 9)followed by inoculation with Clostridium perfringens(day 14 and 15)was used to induce NE challenge.On day 16,two birds from each treatment were gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-d)and blood samples were collected for gut integrity evaluation,and jejunal samples were collected for gene expression assay.Results:In experiment 1,BA supplementation decreased caspase-3(CASP3)(P<0.001)and caspase-8(CASP8)(P<0.05)and increased occludin(OCLD)(P<0.05)expression regardless of the challenge.Additionally,BA supplementation downregulated interfron-γ(IFN-γ)expression(P<0.01)and upregulated immunoglobulin-G(IgG)(P<0.01)and immunoglobulin-M(IgM)(P<0.05)only in challenged birds.In experiment 2,the expression of genes encoding mucin-2(MUC2)(P<0.001),tight junction protein-1(TJP1)(P<0.05)and OCLD(P<0.05)were upregulated by the addition of BA in the diet,regardless of the crude protein level.Further,BA supplementation downregulated INF-γ(P<0.01)and upregulated immunoglobulin-A(IgA)(P<0.05),IgM(P<0.05)and IgG(P<0.01)regardless of the crude protein level.Conclusion:These findings suggest that supplementation of BA in broiler diets can improve gut health by modulation of genes related to the mucosal barrier,tight junction,and immunity in broilers challenged by unfavourable conditions such as NE challenge. | Kosar Gharib-Naseri Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam Kiran Doranalli Sarbast Kheravii obert A.Swick Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，2： | 6 |
| 8 | Pattern of non-starch polysaccharide digestion along the gut of the pig:Contribution to available energy显示文摘We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-characterised before the experiment on the basis of low and normal feed intake of young pigs.Wheat type significantly influenced feed intake and growth rate in the first 7 days, however, by day 14 the only significant effect of wheat type was on growth rate. Xylanase supplementation increased the growth performance of pigs fed the poor quality wheat to a level similar to those fed the normal wheat. It also increased the daily gain of pigs fed the normal wheat. Wheat type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter(DM), energy, free sugars or the different fractions of NSP in the duodenum,ileum or in the faeces. The duodenal gross energy digestibility values for the low and high performance diets were -27.4 and -47.5%, respectively, and xylanase supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of energy back to positive levels. Dry matter digestibility values followed a similar pattern. In the duodenum, xylanase increased(P < 0.05) the digestibility values of both soluble and insoluble NSP,whereas in the ileum, xylanase had a significant effect only on the digestibility of the soluble NSP fraction. Xylanase did not affect free sugar digestibility. The reduction in soluble NSP level coincided with a marked reduction in the amount of fucose, a prominent component of mucosal polysaccharides. This suggests that soluble NSP substantially increase endogenous losses. The absence of differences in the digestibility of the measured NSP between the two wheat samples suggests that the structures of the NSP, rather than just their amount and solubility, are important for the anti-nutritional properties of NSP in pig diets. | David J. Cadogan Mingan Choct | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 4 |
| 9 | Use of Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers challenged with Salmonella sofia显示文摘The effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii(L. johnsonii) on gut microflora, bird performance and intestinal development were assessed using 288 one-day-old Cobb broilers challenged with Salmonella sofia(S.sofia). The experiment was a 3×2 factorial design which consisted of three treatments, a negative control(NC) with no additives, a positive control(PC) containing antimicrobials(zinc-bacitracin, 50 mg/kg) and a probiotic group(Pro), and with the two factors being unchallenged or challenged with S. sofia.A probiotic preparation of L. johnsonii(10~9 cfu/chick) was administered to chicks individually by oral gavage on days 1, 3, 7 and 12. Chicks were individually challenged with S. sofia(10~7 cfu/chick) by oral gavage on d 2, 8 and 13. Results showed that the challenge itself markedly reduced(P < 0.05) bird performance and feed intake. And, transient clinical symptoms of the infection with S. sofia were observed from the second time they were challenged with S. sofia in the negative challenge groups. The novel probiotic candidate L. johnsonii reduced the number of S. sofia and Clostridium perfringens in the gut environment, and improved the birds’ colonization resistance to S. sofia. | Chen G.Olnood Sleman S.M.Beski Mingan Choct Paul A.Iji | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 4 |
| 10 | Corrigendum to“Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds:A review”[Animal Nutrition volume 8(2022),185-203]显示文摘The authors have realized that an error repeated 4 times in this paper.The corrected version should be the following. | Jean Noblet Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，2： | 4 |
| 11 | Performance,litter quality and gaseous odour emissions of broilers fed phytase supplemented diets显示文摘The effect of graded levels of phytase on performance, bone characteristics, excreta/litter quality and odorant emissions was examined using 720 Ross 308 male d-old broilers. A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 6 replicates of 15 birds per pen. Factors were: diets-positive and negative control(PC, NC); phytase-0, 500,1,000.1,500 FTU/kg. The PC was formulated to meet the 2014 Ross 308 nutrient specifications, whereas the NC was formulated with lower Ca(-1.4 g/kg), available P(-1.5 g/kg), Na(-0.3 g/kg), dLys(-0.2 g/kg) and MEn(-0.28 MJ/kg) equivalent to nutrient matrix values for 500 FTU/kg phytase in the starter,grower and finisher periods(i.e.,downspec diet). On d 24, phytase decreased FCR by 1.6, 4.3 and 4.6 points at inclusion levels of 500.1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively(P < 0.01) across all diets. Phytase by diet interactions on BW gain were observed on d 24 and 35(P < 0.01). The effect of phytase was much more pronounced in the NC diet as compared with the PC diet.On d 24, phytase increased BW gain by 37, 55 and 68 g in the PC and 127.233 and 173 g in the NC at 500,1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively. Diet by phytase interactions were also observed for tibia ash, litter quality and water to feed intake ratio(P < 0.01) with higher phytase effect in NC as compared with PC.Neither diet nor phytase impacted excreta moisture content on d 18 or 21(P> 0.05). Solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS) analysis of gaseous emissions on d 39 indicated no difference in the emission of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, volatile fatty acids and phenols between treatments(P> 0.05). The results indicate that phytase has greater benefits when formulated using nutrient matrix values as compared with adding it over the top in an already nutrient sufficient diet. The later method would be expected to increase feed costs without concomitant performance benefits. | Nishchal K.Sharma Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu Robert Smillie Natalie Morgan Amal S.Omar Nisha Sharma Robert A.Swick | 2016 | Animal Nutrition2016，，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Novel probiotics: Their effects on growth performance, gut development, microbial community and activity of broiler chickens显示文摘A total of 294 one-day-old Cobb broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of four Lactobacillus strains on gut microbial profile and production performance. The six dietary treatments, each with 7 replicates were: 1) basal diet(negative control), 2) one of four strains of Lactobacillus(tentatively identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus salivarius and an unidentified Lactobacillus sp.) and 3) basal diet with added zinc-bacitracin(ZnB, 50 mg/kg). Results showed that the addition of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. to the feed did not significantly improve weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate(FCR) of broiler chickens raised in cages during the 6-week experimental period,but tended to increase the number of total anaerobic bacteria in the ileum and caeca, and the number of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli in the caeca; and to significantly increase the small intestinal weight(jejunum and ileum). Furthermore, all 4 probiotics tended to reduce the number of Enterobacteria in the ileum, compared with the control treatments. The probiotics did not affect the p H and the concentrations of short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and lactic acid in both the ileum and caeca. | Chen G.Olnood Sleman S.M.Beski Mingan Choct Paul A.Iji | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Dietary composition affects odour emissions from meat chickens显示文摘Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids, Treatment 1(T1) had 13,39 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2(T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate(chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group(SBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227-291 g/kg(as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments(CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal(174-190 g/kg) or meat meal(74-110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione(diacetyl),2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal,phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, Tl(with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan(P < 0.05) and lower diacetyl(P < 0.01) than T2. In the second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in SBM group(P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in SBM and CM groups up to day 24(P < 0.01). Results of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emissions from meat chickens. | Nishchal K.Sharma Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu Robert Smillie Robert A.Swick | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Delivery routes for probiotics: Effects on broiler performance,intestinal morphology and gut microflora显示文摘Four delivery routes, via, feed, water, litter and oral gavage, were examined for their efficacy in delivering a novel probiotic of poultry origin, Lactobacillus johnsonii, to broilers. Seven treatments of 6 replicates each were allocated using 336 one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with the probiotic candidate, L. johnsonii, added to the feed, and three treatments with L. johnsonii added to the drinking water, sprayed on the litter, or gavaged orally. In addition, a positive control treatment received the basal diet supplemented with zinc-bacitracin(Zn B, 50 mg/kg). The probiotic strain of L.johnsonii was detected in the ileum of the chicks for all four delivery routes. However, the addition of L.johnsonii as a probiotic candidate did not improve body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens raised on litter during the 5-week experimental period regardless of the route of administration. The probiotic treatments, regardless of the routes of delivery, affected(P < 0.05) the pH of the caecal digesta and tended(P = 0.06) to affect the p H of the ileal digesta on d 7, but the effect disappeared as the birds grew older. All probiotic treatments reduced the number of Enterobacteria in the caeca on d 21, and tended(P < 0.054) to reduce it in the ileum and caeca on d 7 and in the ileum on d 21 compared with the controls. The probiotic also tended to increase the number of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli in the ileum and caeca on d 7, but this trend was not evident on d 21. The trend appeared most pronounced when the probiotic was delivered orally or via litter. The probiotic also decreased(P <0.05) the population of Clostridium perfringens rapidly from an early age to d 21 in the caeca, leading to a3-fold decrease in the number of C. perfringens between d 7 and 21. It also showed that the probiotic treatment presented the lowest number of C. perfringens in the caeca. Delivery of the probiotic through feed, water and litter increased(P <0.01) the weight of the pancreas on d 21, but the probiotic did not affect other morphometric parameters of the gut. Furthermore, the probiotic did not affect the p H and the concentrations of short chain fatty acids and lactic acid in either the ileum or caeca. | Chen G.Olnood Sleman S.M. Beski Paul A.Iji Mingan Choct | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 2 |
| 15 | 通过营养措施调控动物肠道健康显示文摘⑴研究动物肠道健康,必须采用多学科合作的方法,从免疫学、微生物学以及营养学等角度加以考虑。⑵微生物菌群的不平衡通常会影响肠道健康,而禁止在饲料中使用抗生素会使其影响程度更加突出。⑶由病原菌引起的任何肠道损伤都会影响肠道健康,进而影响营养物质的利用效率。无明显病变的亚临床感染通常会在经济上造成比急性短期的传染更严重的毁灭性影响,家禽的坏死性肠炎就是一个典型的例子。⑷在配制日粮和设计饲喂方案时,应该考虑能调控免疫系统和肠道微生物菌群的日粮因子。 | M. Choct 刘焕良(译) 昌捷(译) 潘雪男(校) | 2010 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2010，，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Campbell Effects of storage time and exogenous xylanase supplementation of new season wheat on the performance of young male pigs 显示文摘 | CADOGAN D J CHOCT M R G | 2003 | Can J Anita Sci2003，83，： | 1 |
| 17 | Variation in nutritive value of commercial broiler diets 显示文摘 | Ru Y J Hughes R J Choct M Kruk J A | 2003 | Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science2003，16，830： | 1 |
| 18 | Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy显示文摘 | Choct M J Hughes R P Trimble R | 1995 | J Nutr1995，125，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Antinutritive activity of wheat abinoxylans: Role of viscosity and gut microflora显示文摘 | Choct M Annison G | 1992 | Br Poult Sci1992，33，： | 1 |
| 20 | Selenium supplementation affects broiler growth performance, meat yield and feather coverage显示文摘 | Choct M Naylor A J Reinke N | 2004 | British Poultry Science2004，45，5： | 1 |
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