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| 1 | Different sperm sources and parameters can influence intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes before embryo implantation显示文摘To evaluate the effects of sperm with different parameters and sources on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 1972 ICSI cycles were analyzed retrospectively. Groups 1 to 5 were composed of cycles using ejaculated sperm and were grouped according to sperm quantity, quality, and morphology into normal (288 cycles), or mild (329 cycles), moderate (522 cycles), severe (332 cycles), and extremely severe (171 cycles) oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia and/or teratozoospermia (OAT) groups. Group 6 was composed of 250 cycles using testicular or epididymal sperm, and Group 7 consisted of 80 cycles using frozen-thawed sperm. We found that fertilization rates were gradually reduced from Groups 1 to 6, and reached statistical difference in Groups 5 and 6 (P<0.05). The high-quality embryo rate was higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the rates of embryo cleavage, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, live-birth, premature birth, low birth weight, weeks of premature birth, average birth weight, or sex ratio for all seven groups (P>0.05). A total of nine cases of malformation were observed, with a malformation rate of 1.25% (9/719). In conclusion, different sperm sources and parameters can affect ICSI outcomes before embryo implantation. A full assessment of offspring mal-formation will require further study using a larger sample size. | Yue-hong LU1,2, Hui-juan GAO1, Bai-jia LI1, Ying-ming ZHENG1, Ying-hui YE1, Yu-li QIAN1, Chen-ming XU1, He-feng HUANG1, Fan JIN1 (1Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China) (2Department of Reproductive Health, Shaoxing Women and Children Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China) | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2012，13，1： | 14 |
| 2 | Methodological study on real-time three-dimensional echo-cardiography and its application in the diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease显示文摘背景实时三维的回响心动描记法(RT-3DE ) 在过去几年期间使心脏的成像的改进革命化。然而,到目前为止为 RT-3DE 没有标准考试方法。这研究试图建立 RT-3DE 的诊断方法并且在复杂的先天的心疾病(CHD ) 的诊断评估它的申请。有复杂 CHD 的五十个病人被 RT-3DE 与实时 3DE 和 FullVolume 的模式检查的方法。一系列新奇容量的看法与凡·普拉格结合了顺序的部分途径被介绍揭示心的病理学的形态学,它与二维的回响心动描记法(2DE ) 的调查结果相比, angiography 和心脏的外科。在 50patients 的结果,完整的体积的 190 图象获得在几声学的窗口 includingsubcostal 被执行,顶端并且同等不连胸骨的区域。在他们之中,(179/190 )94.2% 图象获得是成功的。最部分的容量的看法能清楚地在 92.6% 成功的图象获得被显示。然而,部分容量的看法不能清楚地在 7.4% 被显示,它主要由于考试地点,不适当的 instrumentmulti 参数背景和在完整的 Volumeacquisitions 捕获的整个心的不够的信息的差的观点条件。作为与外科的调查结果和 angiography 相比, RT-3DE 与单个中庭与大动脉和其它的改正的调换包括 1 在 2 种情况中做了修正到 diagnoses 并且僧帽形劈开。2DE 开始为这 2 个病人做的 diagnoses 是有大动脉和 completeatrio 室的氏族的缺点的调换的两倍插头权利室。结论 RT-3DE 能清楚地由容量的看法通过提供更空间的增进知识的心血管的结构与顺序的部分途径相结合的一系列小说显示复杂 CHD 的病理学的形态学,它为 RT-3DE 诊断提供一个实际方法。 | CHEN Guo-zhen, HUANG Guo-ying, LIANG Xue-cun, MA Xiao-jing, CHEN Wei-da, TAO Zi-yu and LIN Qi-shan Pediatric Heart Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China | 2006 | Chinese Medical Journal2006，，14： | 9 |
| 3 | 小额贷款,HIV/AIDS及其家庭的曙光——瑞丽市为HIV/AIDS家庭通过小额贷款促进生产自救模式的探索显示文摘[目的]改善云南省瑞丽地区的HIV/AIDS家庭生活质量低下,严重受吸毒和艾滋病问题的双重困扰。[方法]分别为25个HIV/AIDS家庭和25个普通健康家庭提供了小额无息贷款服务,以发展适合目标家庭需求的创收性生产项目,一年后50个贷款户均如数还清贷款。[结果]在项目实施中充分体现了社区居民的参与和互助,开展多种形式的人文关怀活动和艾滋病预防活动。[结论]小额贷款对在边疆少数民族地区开展艾滋关怀项目进行了有益地探索。 | Yunnan Center of Women & Children Development,(Yunnan Center of Women & Children Development,Kunming 650032,China) | 2006 | 卫生软科学2006，20，1： | 8 |
| 4 | 导致儿童期肥胖的生命早期危险因素:队列研究显示文摘目的确定早年(3岁以内)导致英国儿童肥胖的危险因素。设计前瞻性队列研究。方法Avon英国父母及儿童纵向调查研究。参与者参与队列研究的8234名年龄为7岁的儿童以及亚组的909名重点儿童,后者需额外提供与早期发育有关并涉及可能导致肥胖的各种资料。诊断标准7岁儿童体重指数≥95百分位确定为肥胖,参考1990年英国人口调查的诊断标准。结果经过最终验证,在假设的25项危险因素中有8项与肥胖有关:父母肥胖(父母双方校正后的相对危险度10.44,95%可信区间5.11~21.32);最早期(43个月内)的体重指数或体重反弹升高(校正后的相对危险度15.00,95%可信区间5.32~42.30);3岁时每周看电视的时间超过8小时(校正后的相对危险度1.55,95%可信区间1.13~2.12);追赶性生长(校正后的相对危险度2.60,95%可信区间1.09~6.16);8个月(校正后的相对危险度3.13,95%可信区间1.43~6.85)和18个月(校正后的相对危险度2.65,95%可信区间1.25~5.59)时体重的标准差值;1岁时体重增加值(校正后的相对危险度1.06,95%可信区间1.02~1.10,体重每增加100g);出生体重,每100g(校正后的相对危险度1.05,95%可信区间1.03~1.07);3岁时睡眠不足(<10.5小时,校正后的相对危险度1.45,95%可信区间1.10~1.89)。结论儿童期肥胖可能与8项危险因素有关。 | John J Reilly Julie Amstrong Ahmad R Dorosty Pauline M Emmett A Ness I Rogers Colin Steer Andrea Sherriff Children Study Team 冯凯 | 2005 | 英国医学杂志中文版2005，8，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children显示文摘 | Yvan Vandenplas(PhD.,Academic Children’s Hospital,Free University of Brussels,Laarbeeklaan 101) | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，5： | 7 |
| 6 | Mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation screening using a testing kit method and its significance in preventing aminoglycoside-related hearing loss显示文摘To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory hearing loss patients were tested for 1555A→G mutation using a new compact testing kit, which allows clear distinction between wild type and 1555 A→G mutated mtDNAs. Results Nineteen subjects among the 546 patients (3.48%) were found to carry mtDNA A1555G mutation. The results were confirmed by sequencing in an ABI 3100 Avant sequencer. Conclusions Maternal inherited deafness families are a frequently seen in outpatient group. The detection of mtDNA 1555 A→G mutation with a low cost, ready to use detection kit is needed and suitable in China for large scale screening and preventive testing before usage of aminoglycoside antibiotics. | LIU Xin,1 DAI Pu,1* HUANG Deliang,1 YUAN Huijun,1 LI Weiming,1 YU Fei,1 ZHANG Xin,1 KANG Dongyang,1 CAO Juyang,1 YANG Weiyan,1 HAN Dongyi,1 JIN Zhengce2, GUAN Minxin3 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China2. Weihai Aomaier Gene Technological CO.,LTD.,Weihai,Shandong 264200, China.3. Division and Program in Human Genetics and Center for Hearing and Deafness Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA | 2006 | Journal of Otology2006，1，1： | 7 |
| 7 | Molecular pathogenetic mechanism of maternally inherited deafness显示文摘 | GUAN Min - XinDivision and Program in Human Genetics and Center for Hearing and Deafaess Research,Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, Universityof Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA | 2003 | 中华耳科学杂志2003，1，3： | 6 |
| 8 | Intrinsic control of axon regeneration显示文摘Spinal cord injury disrupts the connections between the brain and spinal cord, often resulting in the loss of sensory and motor function below the lesion site. The most important reason for such permanent functional deficits is the failure of injured axons to regenerate after injury. In principle, the functional recovery could be achieved by two forms of axonal regrowth: the regeneration of lesioned axons which will reconnect with their original targets and the sprouting of spared axons that form new circuits and compensate for the lost function. Our recent studies reveal the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a major regulator of new protein synthesis, as a critical determinant of axon regrowth in the adult retinal ganglion neurons[1]. In this review, I summarize current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the intrinsic regenerative ability of mature neurons. | Zhigang He F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. | 2010 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2010，24，1： | 6 |
| 9 | Functional distinction of rat liver natural killer cells from spleen natural killer cells under normal and acidic conditions in vitro显示文摘BACKGROUND: The microenvironment within solid tumors has often been shown to exhibit an acidic extracellular pH. Although the morphologic and functional differences in natural killer (NK) cells of the liver and spleen have been reported previously under physiological conditions, the difference under acidic conditions is still unclear. This study was to investigate the differences in the morphological and functional characteristics between rat liver and spleen NK cells under normal and acidic conditions in vitro. METHODS: Liver and spleen NK cells were isolated and purified from Sprague-Dawley rats by density gradient centrifugation and the Dynabeads FlowComp TM Flexi system, and stimulated for 4 days with or without IL-2 or treated with low pH or control for different times. Morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cell death and proliferation assays were performed by flow cytometry, IFN-γ production was tested by ELISA, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. RESULTS: Liver NK cells had significantly higher levels of cytotoxic activity than spleen NK cells under normal and acidic conditions, and the maximum difference was observed at pH 5.6. Further analysis revealed that the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was correlated with morphology, cell death, proliferative activity and IFN-γ production. By TEM, liver NK cells contained a greater number of electron-dense granules per cell at pH 5.6.Moreover, a modest elevation of cell death and reduction of proliferation of liver NK cells occurred within a range of 5.6-7.2. Interestingly, an acidic extracellular pH only marginally, and not significantly, suppressed IFN-γ production by liver NK cells. CONCLUSION: The sharp morphological and functional differences shown by the two types of NK cells in vitro indicate that liver NK cells are unexpectedly resistant to pH shock. | Li-Hong Lv, Jian-Dong Yu, Guo-Lin Li, Tian-Zhu Long, Wei Zhang, Ya-Jin Chen, Jun Min and Yun-Le Wan Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Guangzhou 510120, China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，3： | 5 |
| 10 | Early complications after excision with hepaticoenterostomy for infants and children with choledochal cysts显示文摘Objective: To retrospectively study the early compli-cations of excision with hepaticoenterostomy for in-fants and children with choledochal cysts.Methods: We analyzed 16 patients with early posto-perative complications out of 173 patients with con-genital choledochal cysts aged 27 days to 14 years(mean 2.4 years) who had undergone excisional pro-cedures and biliary tract reconstruction.Results: The early complications included bile leak-age (10 patients), abdominal wall dehiscence (3),and hepatic failure, pancreatic juice leakage andpostoperative intussusception (each in 1) respective-ly. Three patients died from bile leakage and 1 frompostoperative hepatic failure. No statistical differen-ces were observed between the procedures of biliarytract reconstruction with jejunal segment interposi-tion hepaticoduodenostomy and Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy (P>0.75). The morbidity was signifi-cantly higher in infants below 1 year than in children(P<0.005). Prevention and treatment of the com-plications were discussed.Conclusion: Bile leakage and abdominal wall dehis-cence are major early postoperative complications.The morbidity of cholechal cysts is higher in infantsthan in children. Exploratory laparotomy should notbe delayed when biliary leakage with diffuse peritoni-tis appears. The 'tension suture in the fascial spaceof the abdominal wall' is useful to prevent and treatwound dehiscence. | Min-Ju Li Jie-Xiong Feng Qi-Fei Jin From the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China | 2002 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2002，1，2： | 5 |
| 11 | 国内81个地区5—11岁儿童道德判断发展调查显示文摘目的瑞士心理学家皮亚杰(J·Piaget)在他的《儿童的道德判断》(1932)一书中,着重研究了儿童道德观念的两方面的问题:一是关于对动机意向和财物损坏(或客观后果)的道德判断问题;二是关于对惩罚的公正性的判断问题。皮亚杰之后,不断有人对这些课题加以重复验证或进行分析比较研究。直至七十年代,美国爱尔金和达贝克(D·Elkind & R·F·Dabek)又对一个新的课题——儿童关于人身伤害与财物损坏的道德判断进行了研究(1977)。这些研究为探索儿童道德观念的发展提供了有益的资料。本研究试图验证皮亚杰和爱尔金等人的研究结果,查明我国5~11岁儿童道德观念发展的特点和一般趋势,为我国儿童道德教育课程的编订和儿童心理学教材的建设提供资料。 | The cooperation study group of moral judgement of children | 1982 | 心理科学通讯1982，5，1： | 5 |
| 12 | 少先队小干部队伍建设的调研报告显示文摘少先队通过民主选举、自主活动、队长学校、岗位轮换等有效措施,调动了小干部的积极性,学会了自我教育、自我管理、自我服务,并在少先队组织中发挥了团结、带动广大少先队员的积极作用。少先队小干部队伍建设为少先队组织建设和少年儿童思想道德建设提供了许多成功的经验。少先队小干部队伍建设过程中存在的问题和不足还有待进一步改进。 | Young pioneers department of the central committee of the Communist Youth League,office of national working committee for children & Chinese Young Pioneers Work Society (Young pioneers department of the central committee of the Communist Youth League,Beijing,100051) | 2007 | 中国德育2007，2，1： | 4 |
| 13 | 指南儿童毛细支气管炎:NICE指南概要显示文摘本文是英国医学杂志发布的基于现有最佳证据得出的系列新指南概要之一。它们重点对临床实践提供重要建议,尤其是尚无定论或存有争议的领域。 | Valentina Ricci research fellow Vanessa Delgado Nunes senior research fellow and guideline lead M Stephen Murphy clinical director for children's guidelines Steve Cunningham consultant and honorary reader in paediatric respiratory medicine 许菲 梁志欣 | 2015 | 英国医学杂志中文版2015，0，12： | 4 |
| 14 | Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Associated with Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity显示文摘The mitochondrial 12S rRNA has been shown to be the hot spot for mutations associated with both aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic hearing loss. Of all the mutations, the homoplasmic A1555G and C1494T mutations at a highly conserved decoding region in the 12S rRNA have been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic hearing loss in many families worldwide. The A1555G or C1494T mutation is expected to form novel 1494C-G1555 or 1494U-A1555 base-pair at the highly conserved A-site of 12S rRNA. These transitions make the secondary structure of this RNA more closely resemble the corresponding region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Thus, the new U-A or G-C pair in 12S rRNA created by the C1494T or A1555G transition facilitates the binding of aminoglycosides, thereby accounting for the fact that the exposure to aminoglycosides can induce or worsen hearing loss in individuals carrying these mutations. Furthermore, the growth defect and impairment of mitochondrial translation were observed in cell lines carrying the A1555G or C1494T mutation in the presence of high concentration of aminoglycosides. In addition, nuclear modifier genes and mitochondrial haplotypes modulate the phenotypic manifestation of the A1555G and C1494T mutations. These observations provide the direct genetic and biochemical evidences that the A1555G or C1494T mutation is a pathogenic mtDNA mutation associated with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss. Therefore, these data have been providing valuable information and technology to predict which individuals are at risk for ototoxicity, to improve the safety of aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy, and eventually to decrease the incidence of deafness. | GUAN Min-Xin Division of Human Genetics and Center for Hearing and Deafness Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA | 2006 | Journal of Otology2006，1，2： | 3 |
| 15 | High expression of human serum albumin in milk of trans-genie mice directed by the goat β-casein gene promoter region显示文摘We have constructed a mammary gland expression vector that contained the goat β-casein gene pro-moter, 5’upstream regulatory region, exons 1, 2, intron 1 as well as the human serum albumin (hALB) mini-gene (including the full-long sequences of hALB cDNA and its intron 1). Injection of the vector into mouse tail veins showed that the recombinant construct was expressed only in mammary glands. The vector was microinjected into the mouse fertilized eggs, followed by transferring the eggs into the foster mice. 33 F0 mice were obtained. Of the 33, 8 mice (5 , 3 ) were transgenic with hALB gene integration identified by PCR as well as Southern blot hybridization. The integration rate was 24.2% (8/33). Western blot analysis showed that 3 female transgenic mice had hALB expression in their milk. The hALB contents in milk reached 3.54, 0.21 and 3.03 g/L, respectively. | HUANG Ying, HUANG Ying, HUANG Zan,YAN Jingbin, MA Zhanlu, SHENG Min,REN Zhaorui, ZENG Yitao & HUANG ShuzhenShanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，7： | 3 |
| 16 | Therapeutic efficacy and bone marrow protection of the mdr1 gene and over-dose chemotherapy with doxorubicin for rabbits with VX2 hepatocarcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND : Malignant tumors are common diseases threatening to the health and life of human being. Clinically, the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and bone marrow depression caused by chemotherapeutic agents are the main obstacles to the treatment of tumors, and both are related to the mdr1 gene. The over expression of the mdr1 gene in tumor cells contributes to the multidrug resistance of malignant tumor cells. With little expression of the mdr1 gene, bone marrow cells particularly susceptible to multidrug resistance-sensitive agents, which cause serious toxicity in bone marrow. This study was undertaken to assess therapeutic efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells transferred with the mdr1 gene and over-dose chemotherapy with doxorubicin for VX2 hepatocarcinoma of rabbits. METHODS: The mdr1 gene was transferred into the bone marrow mononuclear cells of rabbits, which was co- cultured with retroviral vector-containing supernatant, and the cells were autotransplanted into a rabbit model with VX2 hepatocarcinoma. After chemotherapy with doxorubicin, the protective effects of the mdr1 gene and therapeutic efficacy of over-dose chemotherapy were observed. RESULTS: The mdr1 gene was transferred successfully into the bone marrow mononuclear cells, with a transduction efficiency of 35%. After autotransplantation, the mdr1 gene was expressed functionally in bone marrow with a positive rate of 8%, indicating that the gene played animportant role in bone marrow protection. The rabbits with VX2 hepatocarcinoma, which had received the mdr1 gene-transduced cells, survived after chemotherapy with a 3-fold dose of adriamycin, and their white blood cell counts were (4.26±1.03)×104/L. Since hepatocarcinoma cells were eradicated, the survival time (97.00±46.75 d) of the rabbits was extended (P<0.05) and the healing rate of the tumor was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The transferring of the mdr1 gene into bone marrow mononuclear cells could confer chemoprotection to bone marrow, and over-dose chemotherapy could be prescribed for the treatment of malignant tumors. | Yi Wang, Xian-Qing Jin, Shan Wang, Qiao Wang, Qing Luo and Xiao-Ji Luo Department of General Surgery Department of Ultrasound , Chongqing Children’s Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400014, China | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，4： | 3 |
| 17 | Expressions of p53 and inducible nitric oxid synthase in congenital choledochal cysts显示文摘BACKGROUND: Choledochal cyst, an isolated defect un- restricted to the bile duct, is more appropriately regarded as the sentinel feature of a constellation of anomalies affect- ing the pancreatobiliary system. This study was to assess the relationship between the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the p53 gene as well as the pathoge- nesis of choledochal cysts. METHODS: iNOS and p53 were detected by immunohisto- chemistry staining in 26 patients with congenital choledo- chal cysts. Histopathologically, hyperplasia of the mucosa of the cysts and the amylase level in the bile were also inve- stigated. RESULTS: Patients with a high level of amylase in the bile had higher expression of iNOS than those with a low level of amylase. p53 protein was expressed neither in fusiform type nor in cystic type. The incidence of mucosal hyperpla- sia was significantly higher in the fusiform type than that in the cystic type. CONCLUSIONS: Higher expression of iNOS may partici- pate in hyperplasia and carcinogenesis of the mucosa of choledochal cysts. The regurgitation of pancreatic juice in- to the biliary system might induce mucosal hyperplasia of the biliary tract and inflammatory reaction. In preventing regurgitation-caused hyperplasia and malignancy of the bi- liary tract, early surgery is important for children with con- genital choledochal cysts. | Jiang-Hua Zhan, Xiao-Li Hu, Chun-Juan Dai, Jun Niu and Ji-Qing Gu Tianjin, China Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children’s Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China | 2004 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2004，3，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Risk Factors of Learning Disabilities in Chinese Children in Wuhan显示文摘Objective To investigate prevalence rate of learning disabilities (LD) in Chinese children, and to explore related risk factors, and to provide theoretical basis for preventing such disabilities.Methods One thousand and one hundred fifty one children were randomly selected in primary schools. According to criteria set by ICD-10, 118 children diagnosed as LD were classified into the study group. Four hundred and ninety one children were classified into the normal control group. Five hundred and forty two children were classified into the excellent control group. The study instruments included PRS (The pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities), Conners' children behavior check-list taken by parents and YG-WR character check-list. Results The prevalence rate of LD in Chinese children was 10.3%. Significant differences were observed between LD and normally learning children, and between the LD group and the excellent group, in terms of scores of Conners' behavior check-list (P<0.05). The study further showed that individual differences in character between the LD group and the control groups still existed even after controlling individual differences in age, IQ, and gender. Some possible causal explanations contributing to LD were improper teaching by parents, low educational level of the parents, and children's characteristics and social relationships. Conclusion These data underscore the fact that LD is a serious national public health problem in China. LD is resulted from a number of factors. Good studying and living environments should be created for LD children. | BIN YAO AND HAN-RONG WUDepartment of Children and Adolescent Health, Maternity and Child Health Care, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China | 2003 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2003，16，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Expression of biologically active human clotting factor Ⅸ(hFⅨ) in the mammary gland of transgenic mice显示文摘The DNA of human factor Ⅸ (hFⅨ) gene vector pMCⅨm, which had been proven to be able to express in in vitro and living cells, was introduced into 586 zygotes of Kunming White Mice by positive pressure microinjection technique with manual operation. The 499 survival embryos after microinjection were then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice and 216 F 0 pups were born. The analysis of PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed that, of the 216, 6 (2 females and 4 males) were integrated with foreign DNA in their genomes, giving an integration frequency of 3% (6/216). Two F\-0 female transgenic mice could express hFⅨ protein in their milk and the content was over 100 ng/mL as measured with ELISA. The biological activities of hFⅨ in the milk of two F\-0 mice were 44 67% and 79 43%, respectively. | HUANG Ying 1, ZHANG Kezhong 2, HUANG Wenying 1, LU Daru 2, HUANG Ying 1, MA Zhanlu 1, REN Zhaorui 1, QIU Xinfang 2, XUE Jinglun 2, ZENG Yitao 1 and HUANG Shuzhen 1* 1. Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospita | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，15： | 2 |
| 20 | Donor liver natural killer cells alleviate liver allograft acute rejection in rats显示文摘BACKGROUND:Liver enriched natural killer (NK) cells are of high immune activity.However,the function of donor liver NK cells in allogeneic liver transplantation (LTx) remains unclear.METHODS:Ten Gy of whole body gamma-irradiation (WBI) from a 60 Co source at 0.6 Gy/min was used for depleting donorderived leukocytes,and transfusion of purified liver NK cells isolated from the same type rat as donor (donor type liver NK cells,dtl NKs) through portal vein was performed immediately after grafting the irradiated liver.Post-transplant survival observation on recipients and histopathological detection of liver grafts were adoptive to evaluate the biological impact of donor liver NK cells on recipients' survival in rat LTx.RESULTS:Transfusion of dtl NKs did not shorten the survival time among the recipients of spontaneous tolerance model (BN to LEW rat) after rat LTx,but prolonged the liver graft survival among the recipients depleted of donor-derived leukocytes in the acute rejection model (LEW to BN rat).Compared to the recipients in the groups which received the graft depleted of donor-derived leukocytes,better survival and less damage in the allografts were also found among the recipients in the two different strain combinations of liver allograft due to transfusion of dtl NKs.CONCLUSIONS:Donor liver NK cells alone do not exacerbate liver allograft acute rejection.Conversely,they can alleviate it,and improve the recipients' survival. | Jian-Dong Yu,Tian-Zhu Long,Guo-Lin Li,Li-Hong Lv,Hao-Ming Lin,Yong-Heng Huang,Ya-Jin Chen and Yun-Le Wan Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510120,China Department of Breast Surgery,Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center,Guangzhou 510120,China | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，4： | 2 |
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