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| 1 | 中国荷斯坦奶牛跛行和飞节损伤的风险因素分析显示文摘为了评估散栏牧场高产奶牛跛行率、飞节损伤与饲养管理、牧场设计之间的相关性,收集了中国34个大中型牧场高产牛群管理和卧床设计数据,如卧床设计、垫料类型和挤奶程序等。对每个圈的所有奶牛进行行走评分(1~5分)和飞节评分(1~3分)。其中行走评分大于等于3分定义为临床跛行,大于等于4分定义为严重跛行;飞节损伤大于等于2分为轻微损伤,3分为严重损伤。中国大中型牧场临床跛行率和严重跛行率分别为(31±12)%(分布于7%~51%)和(10±6)%(分布于0%~27%)。飞节轻微损伤率和严重损伤率分别为(40±20)%(分布于6%~95%)和(5±9)%(分布于0%~50%)。临床跛行率和严重跛行率与牧场的规模有显著相关性。随着牧场规模的增大,临床跛行和严重跛行有降低的趋势,每增加100头牛,临床跛行率降低(0.35±0.09)%,严重跛行率降低(0.15±0.06)%。牧场的新旧程度也显著影响跛行率,尤其是大于9年的牧场跛行率和严重跛行率明显升高。牧场的规模和新旧程度在引起临床跛行和严重跛行的因素中占49%和30%的作用。深槽卧床可降低轻微飞节损伤和严重飞节损伤的发生率(分别降低20.9%和3.65%)。大于9年的牧场飞节轻微损伤率和严重损伤率分别提高16.68%和7.17%。这2个变量可影响飞节轻微损伤和飞节严重损伤的52%和58%。总之,牧场之间的跛行率和飞节损伤率变异很大。良好的卧床设计和管理有助于降低跛行率和飞节损伤率。 | 王艳明 Chapinal N Liang Y Weary D M Wang Y | 2015 | 中国乳业2015，0，7： | 3 |
| 2 | Gravity instruments:Past,present,future显示文摘 | Chapin D | 1998 | The Leading Edge1998，17，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Fire effects on ecosystem nitrogen cycling in a Californian bishop pine forest显示文摘 | Grogan P Bruns T D Chapin III F S | 2000 | Oecologia2000，122，： | 1 |
| 4 | Integrated seismic and sub- surface characterization of Bonga field, offshore Nigeria 显示文摘 | Chapin M Swinburn P Weiden R V D | 2002 | The Leading Edge2002，21，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Technical note:Validation of a system for monitoring individual feeding and drinking behavior and intake in group-housed cattle显示文摘 | Chapinal N Veira D M Weary D M | 2007 | Journal of Dairy Science2007，90，12： | 1 |
| 6 | A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electri-cal power 显示文摘 | Chapin D M Fuller C S Pearson G L | 1954 | J Appl Phys1954，25，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of biodiversity on e-cosystem functioning : a consensus of current knowledge 显示文摘 | Hooper D Chapin IF Ewel J | 2005 | Eco- logical Monographs2005，75，1： | 1 |
| 8 | A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electri- cal power显示文摘 | Chapin D M Fuller C S PearsonG L | 1954 | Appl Phys1954，25，： | 1 |
| 9 | Resource management in legion显示文摘 | CHAPIN S J KATRAMATOS D KARPOVICH J | 1999 | Future Generation Comput Syst1999，15，56： | 1 |
| 10 | Carbon/nutrlent balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory显示文摘 | Bryant J P Chapin F S III Klein D R | 1983 | Oikos1983，40，： | 1 |
| 11 | On the stepresponse method of determining the zeropower reactor transfer function显示文摘 | CHAPIN D M | 1969 | Nucl Sci Eng1969，36，11： | 1 |
| 12 | The chemistry of water treatment processes involving ozone hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation显示文摘 | Glaze W H Kang J W Chapin D H | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 13 | Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory 显示文摘 | Chapin F S Klein D R | 1983 | Oikos1983，40，： | 1 |
| 14 | A new silicon pn junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electrical power显示文摘 | Chapin D M Fuller C S Pearson G L | 1954 | Appl Phys1954，25，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Relationship between the structure of root systems and resource use for 11 North American grassland plants显示文摘 | Craine J M Wedin D A Chapin Ⅲ F S | 2002 | Plant Ecology2002，165，： | 1 |
| 16 | A new clas- sification and diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal sinusitis 显示文摘 | deShazo R D O'Brien M Chapin K | 1997 | Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1997，123，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensemblesof cortical neurons in primates显示文摘 | Wessberg J Stambaugh C R Kralik J D Beck P D Laubach M Chapin J K Kim J Biggs J Srinivasan M A Nicolelis M A L | 2000 | Nature2000，408，： | 1 |
| 18 | A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electrical power electrical power 显示文摘 | Chapin D M Fuller C S Pearson G L | 1954 | Journal of Applied Physics1954，5，： | 1 |
| 19 | Criteria for the diagnosis of sinus mycetoma显示文摘 | Deshazo R D Obrien M Chapin K | 1997 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immu- nology1997，99，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Predominance of ecophysiological controls on soil C02 flux in a Minnesota grassland显示文摘 | Craine J M Wedin D A Chapin F S | 1999 | Plant and Soil1999，207，： | 1 |
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