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| 1 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 2 | 子痫前期:病理生理学和临床意义显示文摘子痫前期是一种常见疾病,尤其影响首次妊娠。其临床表现多样,但通常表现为高血压和蛋白尿。这些全身症状是由于在合体滋养细胞的压力作用下,胎盘释放了可溶性因子。子痫前期主要有早发型和迟发型2种亚型,其他几种亚型目前尚未确定。早发型子痫前期是由于胎盘缺陷而出现,而迟发型子痫前期可能是由于胎盘的正常衰老,以及母体对心血管和代谢疾病的遗传易感性交互产生。子痫前期因胎盘和母体因素产生的原因因人而异。最近的研究主要集中在早孕期的胎盘-子宫相互作用。本文旨在对关于子痫前期的预测、预防和治疗方法的最新文献进行归纳综述。 | Graham J Burton Christopher W Redman James M Roberts Ashley Moffett 秦萌(译) 金滢 潘凌亚(校 | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，11： | 6 |
| 3 | Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs显示文摘AIM To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol(FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) symptoms and quality of life(Qo L).METHODS Participants with IBS(Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS(IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS Qo L questionnaire(0-100 increasing with Qo L), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis.RESULTS Fifty participants were enrolled into group I(n = 23) or group II(n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS(275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1)(P < 0.0002) and increased Qo L(68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4)(P < 0.0001) in group I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I(160 ± 102) and replicated in group II(124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet(33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d)(P < 0.01) and after re-introducing FODMAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs. | Ruth M Harvie Alexandra W Chisholm Jordan E Bisanz Jeremy P Burton Peter Herbison Kim Schultz Michael Schultz | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，25： | 5 |
| 4 | The anaphase-promoting complex:It's not just for mitosis any more显示文摘 | Harper J W Burton J L Solomon M J | 2002 | Genes Dev2002，16，： | 2 |
| 5 | Endocytosis and immunoglobulin transport across the small intestine of the new-born pig显示文摘 | Burton K A Smith M W | 1977 | Journal of Physiology1977，270，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Autountibodies to GPI in cheumatoid arthritis:linkage between an antmal mode and luman disease显示文摘 | Schaller M Burton DR Ditzel HJ | 2001 | Nat lmmunol2001，2，： | 1 |
| 7 | The relative contributions of vitamin E, urate, ascorbate, and proteins to the total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant activity of human blood plasma显示文摘 | Wayner D D M Burton G W Ingold K U | 1987 | Biochim Biophys Acta1987，924，： | 1 |
| 8 | Vascular endothelial growth factor-a promotes peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis显示文摘 | BJORNDAHL M A CAO R BURTON J B | 2005 | Cancer Res2005，65，20： | 1 |
| 9 | A marked disparity between the expression of prion protein and its message neurones of cns显示文摘 | Ford M J Burton L J Li H | 2002 | Neuroscience2002，111，： | 1 |
| 10 | Microarray analysis reveals difference in gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus显示文摘 | MACKINNON K M BURTON J L ZAJAC A M | 2009 | Vet Immunol Immu- nopathol2009，130，34： | 1 |
| 11 | Prucalopride accelerates gastrointestinal and colonic transit in patients with constipation without a rectal evacuation disorder 显示文摘 | Bourns E Camilleri M Burton D | 2001 | Gastroenterology2001，120，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Autoantibodies to GPIin rheumatoid arthritis:linkage between an animal model and human disease显示文摘 | Burton DR Ditzel HJ | 2001 | Nat Immunol2001，2，8： | 1 |
| 13 | In vitro eytocidal effect of novel lyric peptides on plasmodium faleiparum and trypanosom a cruzfi显示文摘 | JAYNES J M BURTON C A BARR S B | 1989 | The FASEB Journal1989，2，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Two-dimensional phase unwrapping using a hybrid genetic algorithm 显示文摘 | Karout S Gdeisat M Burton D | 2007 | AppLied Optics2007，46，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Community level adaptation to climate change : the potential role of participatory community risk assessment 显示文摘 | van Aalst M K Cannon T Burton I | 2008 | Global Environmental Change2008，18，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Genetic diversity and species identification in the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni ) 显示文摘 | Gruenthal K M Burton R S | 2005 | Conservation Genetics2005，6，： | 1 |
| 17 | Exploring depthversus breadth in knowledge management strategies 显示文摘 | TURNER S F BETTIS R A BURTON R M | 2002 | Com-putational and Mathematical Organization Theory2002，8，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Aggressive Reactions to Abusive Supervision:The Role of Interactional Justice and Narcissism 显示文摘 | BURTON J P HOOBLER J M | 2011 | Scandinavian Journal of Psychology2011，52，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Induction of replicative senescence biomarkers by sub- lethal oxidative stresses in normal human fibroblast 显示文摘 | Dumont P Burton M Chen QM Gonos ES Frippiat C Mazarati JB | 2000 | Free Radic Biol Med2000，28，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Starch granule initiation and growth are altered in barly mutant that lack isoamylase activity显示文摘 | Jenner H Carrangis L Fahy B Fincher G B Hylton C Laurie D A Parker M Waite D Wagen S V Verhoeven T Denyer K | 2002 | The Plant Journal2002，31，1： | 1 |
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