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| 1 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Parenting preschoolers with autism: Socioeconomic influences on wellbeing and sense of competence显示文摘BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that parents raising a child with autism experience higher levels of psychological distress than parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other developmental disorders. Little is known, however, about the intersection between the effects of socioeconomic status(SES) on the wellbeing and sense of parental competency of parents of preschoolers with autism and how it relates to child symptom severity.AIM To examine the relationship between their child's symptom severity, SES, as measured by neighbourhood advantage and occupational status, on the psychological wellbeing and perceived parenting competence among parents of preschoolers with autism.METHODS Parents of 117 preschool-aged children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder(ASD), 107 mothers and 54 fathers, completed questionnaires about their child's symptoms of ASD and functioning, their own perceptions of their wellbeing and parental competence on entry to an early intervention program in Sydney, Australia. Parents also provided demographic information pertaining to their occupation, level of education attained and address(postcode). All children were also assessed for their severity of symptoms using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The Australian Socioeconomic Index of occupationalstatus as a measure of familial SES and the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage as a measure of neighbourhood advantage were used to examine the impact of SES on parental sense of competence and wellbeing.RESULTS Compared to normative populations, both mothers and fathers in our sample reported significantly higher levels of parenting sense of efficacy but lower levels of interest in the parenting role. Mothers also displayed higher levels of satisfaction. Both mothers and fathers displayed higher levels of depression than normative populations with mothers also reporting greater levels of stress and anxiety. Child symptom severity was associated with maternal parenting competency with these relationships amplified among mothers with higher familial SES and who lived in areas of greater neighbourhood advantage.Increased adaptive functioning was associated with better maternal wellbeing,particularly among mothers who lived in areas of greater neighbourhood advantage. Contrastingly, paternal parenting competence was generally not influenced by child adaptive functioning or symptom severity, although for those in higher familial SES brackets, children's symptom severity and maladaptive symptoms were negatively related to paternal sense of parenting efficacy. There was a trend towards moderate relationships between lower familial SES and greater depression, stress and anxiety among fathers, but no relationship with their child's ASD symptom severity or functioning.CONCLUSION SES differentially impacts wellbeing and sense of parenting competence and its relationship to the impact of child symptoms for mothers and fathers of preschoolers with autism. | Nisha E Mathew Karen L O Burton Anne Schierbeek Rudi ?rn?ec Amelia Walter Valsamma Eapen | 2019 | World Journal of Psychiatry2019，9，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Scintigraphy in laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux disease:A definitive diagnostic test?显示文摘AIM: To investigate the utility of scintigraphic studies in predicting response to laparoscopic fundoplication(LF) for chronic laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms.METHODS: Patients with upper aero-digestive symptoms that remained undiagnosed after a period of 2 mo were studied with conventional p H and manometric studies. Patients mainly complained of cough, sore throat, dysphonia and globus. These patients were imaged after ingestion of 99m-technetium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid. Studies were quantified with time activity curves over the pharynx, upper and lower oesophagus and background. Late studies of the lungs were obtained for aspiration. Patients underwent LF with post-operative review at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: Thirty four patients(20 F, 14 M) with an average age of 57 years and average duration of symptoms of 4.8 years were studied. Twenty four hour p H and manometry studies were abnormal in all patients. On scintigraphy, 27/34 patients demonstrated pharyngeal contamination and a rising or flat pharyngeal curve. Lung aspiration was evident in 50% of patients. There was evidence of pulmonary aspiration in 17 of 34 patients in the delayed study(50%). Pharyngeal contamination was found in 27 patients. All patients with aspiration showed pharyngeal contamination. In the 17 patients with aspiration, graphical time activity curve showed rising activity in the pharynx in 9 patients and a flat curve in 8 patients. In those 17 patients without pulmonary aspiration, 29%(5 patients) had either a rising or flat pharyngeal graph. A rising or flat curve predicted aspiration with a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive valueof 100%. Over 90% of patients reported a satisfactory symptomatic response to LF with an acceptable sideeffect profile. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphic reflux studies offer a good screening tool for pharyngeal contamination and aspiration in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. | Gregory L Falk John Beattie Alvin Ing SE Falk Michael Magee Leticia Burton Hans Van der Wall | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 2 |
| 4 | A review of bovine growth hormone can显示文摘 | Burton J L | 1994 | J Anim Sci1994，74，： | 2 |
| 5 | The anaphase-promoting complex:It's not just for mitosis any more显示文摘 | Harper J W Burton J L Solomon M J | 2002 | Genes Dev2002，16，： | 2 |
| 6 | Inhibin:a candidate gene for premature ovarian faiure显示文摘 | ShellingA N Burton K A Chand A L | 2000 | Hum Reprod2000，15，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Genetic base of 651Chinese soybean eultivars released during 1923 to 1995 显示文摘 | Cui Z L Thomas E Carter J Burton J W | 2000 | Crop Science2000，40，： | 1 |
| 8 | Pulsed plasma thruster 显示文摘 | Burton R L Turch P J | 1998 | Journal of Propulsion and Power1998，14，5： | 1 |
| 9 | A marked disparity between the expression of prion protein and its message neurones of cns显示文摘 | Ford M J Burton L J Li H | 2002 | Neuroscience2002，111，： | 1 |
| 10 | Pulsed plasma thruster显示文摘 | Burton R L | 1998 | Journal of Propulsion and Power1998，14，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Microarray analysis reveals difference in gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus显示文摘 | MACKINNON K M BURTON J L ZAJAC A M | 2009 | Vet Immunol Immu- nopathol2009，130，34： | 1 |
| 12 | Follow-up of patients with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and isobutyryl- CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies identified through newborn screening: one center's experience 显示文摘 | Pena L Angle B Burton B | 2012 | Genet Med2012，14，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Interrater Reliability of the Functional Movement Screen 显示文摘 | Minick KI Kiesel KB Burton L | 2010 | J Strength Cond Res2010，24，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Profile nitrous - oxide and carbon diox- ide concentrations in a soil subject to freezing显示文摘 | Burton D L Beauchamp E G | 1994 | Soil Science Socie- ty of America Journal1994，58，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests 显示文摘 | Burton A J Pregitzer K S Hendrick R L | 2000 | Oecologia2000，125，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Velocity and Temperature Mea- surements in a Low-power Hydrazine Arejet 显示文摘 | Burton S A Burton R L | 1997 | Journal of Propulsion and Power1997，13，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Distribution of tobacco constituents in tobacco leaf tissue tobacco-special nitrosamines,nitrate,nitrite,and alkaloids显示文摘 | Burton H R Dye N K Bush L E | 1992 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1992，40，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Relationship between tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nitrate from different air-cured tobacco varieties显示文摘 | BURTON H R DYE N K BUSH L P | 1994 | Agric food Chem1994，42，： | 1 |
| 19 | A sustainable solution for dietary iron deficiency through plant biotechnology and breeding to increase seed ferritin control显示文摘 | Theil E C Burton J W Beard J L | 1997 | European Journal of Clinical Nutrition1997，51，4： | 1 |
| 20 | On the use of an inverse shortest paths problem 显示文摘 | Burton D Toint Ph L | 1992 | Mathematical Programming1992，53，： | 1 |
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