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| 1 | 从法正林转向近自然林:德国多功能森林经营在国家、区域和经营单位层面的实践显示文摘简要介绍德国林业的发展历史、多功能林业的法律规定和实现多功能目标的近自然林业理论和技术,分别从经营单位、区域和国家层面分析总结了德国作为林业发达国家开展多功能森林经营的具体实例和初步结果,提出了在各个层面上多功能森林经营的工作要点和评价效果的方法、指标和标准等可学习借鉴的要点。认为多功能近自然林业的理论是中华民族一直倡导的'真、善、美'的文化理念在林业经营中的具体表达,我国开展多功能林业有良好的历史文化基础和现实需求动力。 | 陆元昌 栾慎强 张守攻 Bernhard von der Heyde 雷相东 包源 | 2010 | 世界林业研究2010，23，1： | 69 |
| 2 | 如何保障中国粮食安全显示文摘本文对中国所面临的粮食安全问题的背景和政策作了一个全面总结和分析,并指出中国的粮食自给率按照能量计算已经下降到了70%。为了更好地制定粮食安全政策,中国政府必须区分食物安全(Food Security)、口粮安全(Grain Security)以及饲料安全(Feed Security)三个概念,中国现在和将来的粮食安全实际表现为饲料安全。 | 于晓华 Bruemmer Bernhard 钟甫宁 | 2012 | 农业技术经济2012，，2： | 45 |
| 3 | Influences of Ivabradine treatment on serum levels of cardiac biomarkers sST2, GDF-15, suPAR and H-FABP in patients with chronic heart failure显示文摘长期的心失败(CHF ) 代表住院和死亡的一个主要原因。最近的证据表演那新奇 biomarkers 象 tumorigenicity (sST2 ) 的可溶的抑制那样,生长区别 factor-15 (GDF-15 ) ,可溶的尿激 plasminogen 使活跃之物受体(suPAR ) 和心类型丰满的酸绑定蛋白质(H-FABP ) 被相关与煽动性并且在 CHF 病人的 ischemic 回答。在这研究,我们检验了禁止了 激活hyperpolarization 的周期的核苷酸门隧道的 Ivabradine 的效果( HCN 隧道,也叫的滑稽电流我 从而导致选择心率减小的 f ),和改进的心肌的氧在心脏的 biomarkers sST2 上供应, GDF-15 ,在在 Jena 的大学医院的 50 个 CHF 病人的 suPAR 和 H-FABP 。病人们基于 CHF 的病原学被划分成三个组:扩大心肌症(DCM, n=20 ) , ischemic 心肌症(ICM, n=20 ) 并且高血压的心肌症(HCM, n=10 ) 。病人是管理 Ivabradine (5 mg,为 3 个月的出价,和 7.5 mg 期望推进 3 个月) 。心血管的 biomarkers 的分析在基线以及在 3 月、 6 月的后续被执行。在 6 月的后续, GDF-15 层次显著地与基线层次(P=0.0215 ) 相比被减少,显示在心脏的改变的进步的减小。H-FABP 集中在与 ICM (1.89 对 3.24 g/mL ) 和 HCM 病人(1.89 对 3.80 g/mL ) 相比的 DCM 病人是显著地更低的,并且在 6 月的后续(P=0.0151 ) 上减少了。中部的层次仍然是的 suPAR 提高了,暗示主要进行中的煽动性的过程。是在 GDF-15 和 H-FABP 由重要减少证明层次,在室的改变的减小和无临床症状的局部缺血能被假定。然而,血液动力学的应力(sST2 ) 的标记和发炎(suPAR ) 没在 CHF 病人在 6 月 Ivabradine 治疗以后显示出变化或前进。进一步的研究是必要的验证这些新奇心血管的 biomarkers 的临床的适用性。 | Peter JIRAK Dzeneta FEJZIC Vera PAAR Bernhard WERNLY Rudin PISTULLI Ilonka ROHM Christian JUNG Uta C HOPPE P Christian SCHULZE Michael LICHTENAUER Atilla YILMAZ Daniel KRETZSCHMAR | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，7： | 31 |
| 4 | Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent显示文摘Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes,growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg g^(-1) and 1.2 mg g^(-1), respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants(21.72 mg g^(-1) vs. 18.22 mg g^(-1) for N; and 1.64 mg g^(-1) vs. 1.10 mg g^(-1) for P). Both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations(20.79 and 1.54 mg g^(-1)) and Oceania had the smallest values(10.01 and 0.46 mg g^(-1)). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups,latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of 0.841.Several factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availability of soils likely account for the inconstant exponents of leaf N vs. P scaling relationships. | Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Karl J.Niklas Wenxuan Han Jens Kattge Peter B.Reich Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Zhiyao Tang Huifeng Hu Ian J.Wright Bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，5： | 24 |
| 5 | Interleukin-33 drives hepatic fibrosis through activation of hepatic stellate cells显示文摘Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease,causing morbidity and mortality.Interleukin-33(IL-33)is a critical mediator of inflammation,which may be involved in the development of liver fibrosis.Here,we investigated the role of IL-33 in human patients and experimental bile-duct ligation(BDL)-induced fibrosis in mice.We report increased hepatic IL-33 expression in the murine BDL model of fibrosis and in surgical samples obtained from patients with liver fibrosis.Liver injury,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were reduced in the absence of the IL-33/ST2 receptor,and the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)was decreased in ST2-deficient mice.Recombinant IL-33 activated HSCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice,leading to the expression of IL-6,TGF-β,α-SMA and collagen,which was abrogated in the absence of ST2 or by pharmacological inhibition of MAPK signaling.Finally,administration of recombinant IL-33 significantly increased hepatic inflammation in sham-operated BL6 mice but did not enhance BDL-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.In conclusion,BDL-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis are dependent on ST2 signaling in HSCs,and therefore,the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target in human patients with chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. | Zhongming Tan Qianghui Liu Runqiu Jiang Long Lv Siamak S Shoto Isabelle Maillet Valerie Quesniaux Junwei Tang Wenjie Zhang Beicheng Sun Bernhard Ryffel | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，4： | 24 |
| 6 | 城市污水处理工艺迈向主流厌氧氨氧化的挑战与展望显示文摘侧流厌氧氨氧化技术已经相对成熟,在世界各地的污水处理厂得到了应用。介绍了厌氧氨氧化的基本原理、技术优势,分析了主流厌氧氨氧化面临的挑战,着重探讨了主流厌氧氨氧化当前的技术进展,特别是NOB抑制的方法和对策。同时对奥地利Strass污水处理厂的主流厌氧氨氧化探索进行了介绍,并对未来的发展提出了展望。 | 陈珺 王洪臣 Bernhard Wett | 2015 | 给水排水2015，41，10： | 23 |
| 7 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 8 | The development and function of follicular helper T cells in immune responses显示文摘小囊的助手 T 房间(Tfh ) 作为提供帮助让 B 房间增殖并且在幼芽的中心经历抗体亲密关系成熟的一个系被提交了。证据支持了那个 Tfh 子集开发象另外的系一样,依赖于一个特别 transcriptional 节目被开始的微型环境。它为 Tfh 房间的开发和函数作为主人管理者被看了那 Bcl-6 和 IL-21 行为。Tfh dysregulation 涉及自体免疫的病理的发展,例如全身的豺狼座 erythematosus,风湿性关节炎和另外的自体免疫的疾病。现在的评论在在他们的开发和函数的 Tfh 房间和焦点的域里加亮最近的进展。 | Maogen Chen Zhiyong Guo Weiqiang Ju Bernhard Ryffel Xiaoshun He Song Guo Zheng | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，5： | 18 |
| 9 | Positive effects of tree species diversity on litterfall quantity and quality along a secondary successional chronosequence in a subtropical forest显示文摘Aims Litterfall,as an important link between aboveground and belowground processes,plays a key role in forest ecosystems.Here,we test for effects of tree species richness on litter production and litter quality in subtropical forest.The study further encompasses a factorial gradient of secondary succession that resulted from human exploitation.Given that a large percentage of subtropical forests are in secondary successional stages,understanding the role of biodiversity on forest re-growth after disturbance appears critical.Methods From January 2009 to December 2014,we monitored forest litterfall in 27 Comparative Study Plots that spanned a gradient of tree species richness(3-20 species)and secondary successional ages(~20 to 120 years)in Gutianshan Natural Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,China.The experiment is part of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research platform‘BEF-China’.Tree litterfall was collected in monthly intervals using litter traps.Samples were separated into leaf and non-leaf components.Leaf litter was further sorted into dominant and other species.Community level monthly leaf litter C and N contents were analysed through a full year.General linear mixed-effects models were applied to test for effects of tree species richness and successional age on litter quantity and leaf litter C/N.Important Findings Litterfall increased with species richness among and within successional age and this effect was consistent across years.Successionally older stands had higher litterfall and this effect was related to increased tree species richness.However,species richness did not change the intra-and inter-annual temporal stability of litterfall.Increasing tree species richness increased leaf litter quality(decreased C/N),while successional age had no effect.Our study indicates that more diverse forest stands produce more leaf litter and that this litter has higher N concentrations,which could promote forest growth through accelerated nutrient re-cycling. | Yuanyuan Huang Yinlei Ma Ke Zhao Pascal A.Niklaus Bernhard Schmid Jin-Sheng He | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 18 |
| 10 | 塔里木盆地库车坳陷烃源灶特征和天然气成藏过程显示文摘根据模拟实验数据,建立了库车坳陷典型源岩天然气产率和碳同位素的化学动力学参数。基于探井和人工井(13条地震剖面共230个人工井点)地质数据和今、古地温数据,采用BasinMod软件,分析了各井点成熟度和天然气产率随时间的变化规律,查明了三叠、侏罗系源岩的生烃历史和烃源灶的演化特征,指出,库车坳陷中生界源岩自新近纪以来快速埋藏和成熟,特别是5×106a以来,上新统库车组快速沉积,引起成熟度急剧增高,进入干气阶段,表现为5×106a以来气源灶极高的生气速率,这是库车坳陷形成高效天然气藏的重要原因。库车坳陷的前缘隆起带和克依构造带捕获了同一腐殖型气源灶(T-J)不同阶段生成的天然气;前缘隆起带的牙哈凝析气田主要捕获了生油窗阶段近源生成的天然气,表现为天然气甲烷碳同位素相对较轻;克拉2气藏主要是晚期(5×106a以来)捕获了镜质体反射率在1.0%~2.5%阶段生成的天然气,表现为天然气甲烷碳同位素相对较重。 | 王飞宇 杜治利 张水昌 张宝民 陈建平 Bernhard Cramer | 2009 | 新疆石油地质2009，30，4： | 18 |
| 11 | Interspecific and intraspecific variation in specific root length drives aboveground biodiversity effects in young experimental forest stands显示文摘Aims Although the net biodiversity effect(NE)can be statistically partitioned into complementarity and selection effects(CE and SE),there are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a certain partitioning.Our objective was to assess the role of resource partitioning and species interactions as two important mechanisms that can bring about CEs by interspecific and intraspecific trait variation.Methods We measured tree height of 2493 living individuals in 57 plots and specific root length(SRL)on first-order roots of 368 of these individuals across different species richness levels(1,2,4,8 species)in a large-scale forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China)established in 2009.We describe the effects of resource partitioning between species by a fixed component of interspecific functional diversity(RaoQ)and further effects of species interactions by variable components of interspecific and intraspecific functional diversity(community weighted trait similarity and trait dissimilarity,CWS and CWD).Finally,we examined the relationships between biodiversity effects on stand-level tree height and functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD)in SRL using linear regression and assessed the relative importance of these three components of functional diversity in explaining the diversity effects.Important Findings Our results show that species richness significantly affected SRL in five and tree height in ten out of 16 species.A positive NE was generally brought about by a positive CE on stand-level tree height and related to high values of RaoQ and CWS in SRL.A positive CE was related to high values of all three components of root functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD).Our study suggests that both resource partitioning and species interactions are the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity effects on stand-level tree growth in subtropical forest. | Wensheng Bu Bernhard Schmid Xiaojuan Liu Ying Li Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb Yu Liang Zhenkai Sun Yuanyuan Huang Helge Bruelheide Keping Ma | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 18 |
| 12 | 超低碳钢连铸过程中Ti和P对水口结瘤的影响显示文摘浇注含Ti超低碳钢时,浸入式水口内产生结瘤,严重影响生产效率,同时对产品质量造成危害。根据企业生产的经验,随着超低碳钢中Ti和P含量的增加,水口结瘤的问题越来越严重。通过深入分析实际生产过程的试样和实验室研究,阐明浇注超低碳钢时Ti和P对水口结瘤的影响。分析了含Ti含P的超低碳钢水口结瘤物的成分,结果表明结瘤物的主要成分是氧化铝(>90%),Ti含量较少(0.58%~3.58%)。采用脉冲分布解析原子发射光谱法(OES-PDA)测得氧化夹杂物的大小随Ti含量的增加而变小。采用液滴法测定了溶质Ti和P对钢液/Al2O3体系的润湿性影响,结果表明Ti和P使体系接触角和钢液表面张力降低,其中Ti能够降低体系的接触角只是在其具有反应湿润性的情况下。研究表明Ti和P对产生结瘤的作用有显著区别:只要形成的表层界面具有润湿性,Ti就可以降低Al2O3夹杂物的大小,而氧化铝夹杂物颗粒越小,越容易结瘤。为了不产生结瘤就必须控制好Al脱氧的时间和Ti的加入时间。P可以增加Fe-Ti-P三元体系的润湿性是因为P可以增加Ti的活度,降低钢液的粘度。与Ti相比,P对产生结瘤的影响较小。 | C Bernhard A Karasangabo M Egger A Pissenberger 贾洪海(译) | 2012 | 世界钢铁2012，12，5： | 17 |
| 13 | 微波预处理对秸秆厌氧消化影响的研究显示文摘以秸秆为研究对象,比较不同的微波强度预处理作用下对秸秆厌氧消化产气特性的影响,研究日产气量、pH值、甲烷气体浓度及生物降解率4个参数的变化趋势,结果表明:微波预处理对秸秆厌氧消化有明显效果,平均日产气量由未被预处理的6.21mL/gVS上升到8.16mL/gVS,上升了31.33%,达到最大日产气量时间由原来的第12d,提前至第2~第7d不等,最大日产气量由原来的23.43mL/gVS上升到43.49mL/gVS;在360~900W范围内,微波强度越大,反应的pH值下降越快,秸秆厌氧消化最大日产气量越提前;经过微波预处理的甲烷浓度平均浓度由原来的50%提高至62%左右,其生物能范围也由未处理前的17.58MJ/m^3提高至23.46MJ/m^3,物降解率由未预处理的44.12%,提高至71.55%。 | 冯磊 李润东 Bernhard Raninger Martin J. Gehring | 2009 | 环境工程学报2009，3，8： | 17 |
| 14 | 德国不限速高速公路路面平整度评价方法综述显示文摘平整度是衡量路面质量、评价行车舒适度的重要指标。德国拥有12.993万km的高速公路,其中约2/3的路段没有速度限制,因此德国交通管理部门对路面的功能性和安全性提出了极高的要求。针对上述课题,首先介绍中国'超级公路'的建设背景和需求,强调德国路面的平整度指标对中国道路建设的重要借鉴意义;然后回顾国内外道路平整度的评价和预测等研究手段与方法,介绍德国基于功率谱密度曲线的平均不平整指数(AUN),分析将功率谱密度曲线转化为高度-波长曲线的优点,叙述考虑人车振动反应的有效平整度指数(LWI),简述加权纵断面评价方法(WLP)的思路和步骤;最后总结德国路面平整度评价体系的发展趋势和对于中国道路平整度研究的借鉴与应用前景。 | 王大为 王宠惠 STEINAUER Bernhard 谭忆秋 OESER Markus | 2019 | 中国公路学报2019，0，4： | 16 |
| 15 | The global significance of biodiversity science in China: an overview显示文摘Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades,ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.We review research,including species catalogues;biodiversity monitoring;the origins,distributions,maintenance and threats to biodiversity;biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services;and species and ecosystems'responses to global change.Next,we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China.These priorities include(i)the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains,and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China;(ii)marine and inland aquatic biodiversity;and(iii)effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China's vision for becoming an ecological civilization.In addition,we propose three future strategies:(i)translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation;(ii)strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies,including high-throughput sequencing,genomics and remote sensing;and(iii)strengthen and expand international collaborations.Based on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research,China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future. | Xiangcheng Mi Gang Feng Yibo Hu Jian Zhang Lei Chen Richard T.Corlett Alice C.Hughes Stuart Pimm Bernhard Schmid Suhua Shi Jens-Christian Svenning Keping Ma | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，7： | 16 |
| 16 | Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children显示文摘Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is the most frequent and important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children. It is a seasonal virus, with peak rates of infection occurring annually in the cold season in temperate climates, and in the rainy season, as temperatures fall, in tropical climates. High risk groups for severe RSV disease include infants below six mo of age, premature infants with or without chronic lung disease, infants with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, infants with immunodeficiency or cystic fibrosis, and infants with neuromuscular diseases. Mortality rates associated with RSV infection are generally low in previous healthy infants(below 1%), but increase significantly in children with underlying chronic conditions and comorbidities. Following early RSV lower respiratory tract infection, some patients experience recurrent episodes of wheezing mimicking early childhood asthma with persistence of lung function abnormalities until adolescence. There is currently no RSV vaccine available, but promising candidate vaccines are in development. Palivizumab, a monoclonal RSV antibody that is the only tool for immunoprophylaxis in high-riskinfants, lowers the burden of RSV infection in certain carefully selected patient groups. | Bernhard Resch | 2012 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2012，1，3： | 15 |
| 17 | Combination of repeated single-session percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolisation compared to repeated single-session percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘瞄准:为病人评估经皮的乙醇注射(PEI ) 的治疗效果与先进, non-resectable HCC 与 transarterial chemoembolisation 的联合相比(不作声) 并且重复单个会议的 PEI,独自重复了单个会议的 PEI,重复不作声独自一个,或最好的支持的照顾。方法:在学习时期期间接受了 PEI 治疗的所有病人根据物理地位和肿瘤程度被包括并且成层到下列治疗形式之一:联合不作声并且重复单个会议的 PEI,独自重复了单个会议的 PEI,重复不作声独自一个,或最好的支持的照顾。包括Okuda分类,门静脉血栓的存在,腹水的存在,肿瘤的数字,最大的肿瘤直径,和假胆硷酯酶( CHE )的临床的参数的预示的价值,以及孩子呸上演, alpha-fetoprotein (法新社),发烧,复杂并发症的发生在这些组之间被估计并且比较。幸存用 Kaplan-Meier 被决定,多,变量回归分析。结果:所有病人的 1 年、 3 年的幸存是 73% 和 47% 。在亚群分析,联合不作声, PEI (1 ) 与更长的幸存被联系(1- , 3- , 5 年的幸存:90% , 52% ,和 43%) 与 PEI 治疗相比独自一个(2 )(1- , 3- , 5 年的幸存:65% , 50% ,和 37%) 。(3 ) 在起始的层化以后的第二等的 PEI 产出可比较的结果不作声(1- , 3- , 5 年的幸存:91% , 40% ,和 30%) 当在到最好的支持的照顾(4 ) 的层化以后的 PEI 与减少的幸存被联系时(1- , 3- , 5 年的幸存:50% , 23% , 12%) 。除了选择治疗形式,为更好的幸存的预言者是肿瘤数字(n <
5 ) ,肿瘤尺寸(<
5 厘米) ,在 PEI 前的没有腹水,和在 PEI 以后的稳定的假胆硷酯酶(P <
0.05 ) 。在在 PEI 以后的 2 wk 以内的死亡是 2.8%(n = 3 ) 。有 24 (8.9%) 主修在包括部分肝梗塞,焦点的肝坏死,和肝脓肿的 PEI 以后的复杂并发症。所有复杂并发症能非通过手术被管理。结论:重复单个会议的 PEI 在有以可接受、可管理的复杂并发症率的先进 HCC 的病人是有效的。病人们成层到联合不作声, PEI 能比那些独自成层到重复 PEI 期望更长的幸存。而且,有在好临床的地位的大或多重的肿瘤的病人可以也从联合获利不作声并且为第二等的 PEI 的再考虑。 | Arne Dettmer Timm D Kirchhoff Michael Gebel Lars Zender Nisar P Malek Bernhard Panning Ajay Chavan Herbert Rosenthal Stefan Kubicka Susanne Krusche Sonja Merkesdal Michael Galanski Michael P Manns Joerg S Bleck | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，23： | 14 |
| 18 | Positive effects of tree species richness on fine-root production in a subtropical forest in SE-China显示文摘Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and services.Higher plant species diversity has been largely reported to increase aboveground community biomass,but how biodiversity affects fine-root production and the related mechanisms in forests remain unclear.In this study,we aim to answer two questions:(i)does fine-root production increase with tree species richness?(ii)Can this effect be explained by niche complementarity among species?Methods We analyzed data from a large forest biodiversity experiment(BEF-China)with 5-year-old trees.Fine-root growth was measured as standing biomass and annual fine-root regrowth was estimated using ingrowth cores.Moreover,relative yield was calculated to test whether over-or under-yielding occurred when mixtures were compared with the average monoculture of the species included in the mixtures.We calculated functional diversity for fine-root(≤2 mm in diameter)traits by Rao’s quadratic entropy index for each species mixture.The effects of manipulated tree species richness and identity on fine-root traits were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Mixed models were also used to test the relationships between tree species richness and fine-root standing biomass,annual regrowth and vertical heterogeneity.Important Findings Fine roots of more than one species were found in half of the soil cores in mixtures indicating that belowground interactions in these young forest stands occurred much earlier than canopy closure.We found significant differences among species in fine-root traits such as diameter and specific root length(SRL),which suggested different resource-use strategies and niche partitioning among species.Mean fine-root diameter of species ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 mm,mean SRL ranged from 12.43 m·g^(−1)to 70.22 m·g^(−1)and mean vertical distribution indexβranged from 0.68 to 0.93.There was a significant positive relationship between species richness and the evenness of the vertical distribution of fine-root standing biomass.Moreover,marginally significant positive relationships existed between species richness and standing biomass as well as annual regrowth of fine roots.Relative yields and Rao’s quadratic entropy index were both not significantly affected by species richness.However,the relative yield of fine-root standing biomass was marginally correlated with Rao’s quadratic entropy index,implying that belowground niche complementarity between species does contribute to diversity effects.In conclusion,our study showed positive effects of species richness on the filling of soil volume by fine roots in the studied experimental forest communities.This has positive effects on fine-root standing biomass and may also lead to increased aboveground biomass. | Zhenkai Sun Xiaojuan Liu Bernhard Schmid Helge Bruelheide Wensheng Bu Keping Ma | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 14 |
| 19 | Anti-inflammatory effects of bifidobacteria by inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation显示文摘AIM: Different strains of bifidobacteria were analysed for their effects on HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in in vitro models both of the non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal epithelium. METHODS: A reporter gene system in HT-29 cells was used to measure levels of NF-KB activation after challenge with bifidobacteria or after bacterial pre-treatment following LPS challenge. IL-8 protein and pro-inflammatory gene expression was investigated using normal HT-29 cells. RESULTS: None of the bifidobacteria tested induced activation of nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) indicating that bifidobacteria themselves do not induce inflammatory events in IECs. However, six out of eight bifidobacteria tested inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NFKB activation in a dose- and strain-dependent manner. In contrast, NF-KB activation in response to challenge with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was affected by none of the tested bifidobacteria, indicating that the inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria is specific for LPS-induced inflammation in IECs. As shown with two of the six inhibitionpositive bifidobacteria, LPS-induced inhibition of NFKB activation was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and by lower mRNA levels for IL-8, TNF-a, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). CONCLUSION: Some strains of bifidobacteria are effective in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and thus might be appropriate candidates for probiotic intervention in chronic intestinal inflammation. | Christian U Riedel Francis Foata David Philippe Oskar Adolfsson Bernhard J Eikmanns Stephanie Blum | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，23： | 14 |
| 20 | Leaf area increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees显示文摘Aims Most biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research has been carried out in grassland ecosystems,and little is known about whether forest ecosystems,in particular outside the temperate zone,respond similarly.Here,we tested whether productivity,assessed as leaf area index(LAI),increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees,whether this response is similar for early-season leaf area(which is dominated by evergreens)and seasonal leaf area increase(which is dominated by deciduous species),and whether responses saturate at high species richness.Methods We used a planted tree biodiversity experiment in south-east China to test our hypotheses.LAI was determined three times by digital hemispheric photography in 144 plots that had been planted with 400 trees each,forming communities with 1,2,4,8 or 16 tree species.Important Findings LAI increased significantly with tree species richness in the fifth year of stand establishment.Similar,but weaker,statistically non-significant trends were observed 1 year before.We did not observe leaf area overyielding and the presence of particularly productive and unproductive species explained large amounts of variation in leaf area,suggesting that selection-type effects contributed substantially to the biodiversity effects we found in this early phase of stand establishment.Effects sizes were moderate to large and comparable in magnitude to the ones reported for grassland ecosystems.Subtropical(and tropical)forests harbor substantial parts of global net primary production and are critical for the Earth’s carbon and hydrological cycle,and our results suggest that tree diversity critically supports these ecosystem services. | Siyi Peng Bernhard Schmid Josephine Haase Pascal A.Niklaus | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 13 |
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