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| 1 | Analysis on the ecological benefits of the stream water conveyance to the dried-up river of the lower reaches of Tarim River,China显示文摘This paper analyzes the monitored data of the 4 times of stream water conveyances to the river section where the stream flow was cut-off, of 9 groundwater-monitoring sections and 18 vegetation plots in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The results show that the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from 9.87 m before the conveyances to 7.74 m and 3.79 m after the first and second conveyances, 3.61 and 3.16 m after the 2 phases of the third conveyance, and 2.66 m after the fourth conveyance. The transverse response scope of groundwater level was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyances, i.e., from 450 m in width after the first conveyance to 1050 m after the fourth conveyance, but the response degree of groundwater level was reduced with the increase of the distance away from the channel of conveyances. The composition, distribution and growth status of the natural vegetation are directly related to the groundwater depth. The indexes of Simpson’s biodiversity, McIntosh’s evenness and Margalef’s richness, which reflect the change of the quantity of species and the degree of biodiversity, are reduced from 0.70, 0.48 and 0.90 to 0.26, 0.17 and 0.37 re- spectively along with the drawdown of groundwater level from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. After the stream water conveyances, the natural vegetation in the lower reaches is saved and restored along with the rise of groundwater level, the response scope of vegetation is gradually enlarged, i.e., from 200— 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 800 m after the fourth conveyance. However, there is still a great disparity to the objective of protecting the “Green Corridor”in the lower reaches of Tarim River. Thus, it is suggested to convey the stream water in double-channel way, combine the conveyance with water supply in surface scope, or construct the modern pipe-conveyance network systems so as to save the natural vegetation in an intensive way, achieve the efficient water consumption and speed up the restoration and re- generation of the damaged ecosystems in the lower reaches of Tarim River. | CHEN Yaning1,ZHANG Xiaolei1,ZHU Xiangmin2,LI Weihong1,ZHANG Yuanming1,XU Hailiang1,ZHANG Hongfeng1 & CHEN Yapeng1 1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China 2.Management Beureau od Tarim River Basin,Kurle 831102,China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Yaning(email: cheyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，11： | 58 |
| 2 | Ultrahigh pressure (>7 GPa) gneissic K-feldspar (-bearing) garnet clinopyroxenite in the Altyn Tagh, NW China: Evi- dence from clinopyroxene exsolution in garnet显示文摘The exsolution of clinopyroxene and rutile in coarse-grain garnet is found in the gneissic K-feldspar(-bearing) garnet clinopyroxenite from Yinggelisayi in the Altyn Tagh, NW China. The maximum content of the exsolved clinopyroxene in the garnet is up to >5% by volume. The reconstructed precursor garnet (Grt1) before exsolution has a maximum Si content of 3.061 per formula uint, being of supersilicic or majoritic garnet. The peak-stage metamorphic pressure of >7 GPa is estimated using the geobarometer for volume percentage of exsolved pyroxene in garnet and the Si-(Al+Cr) geobarometer for majoritic garnet, and the temperature of about 1000℃ using the ternary alkali-feldspar geothermometer and the experimental data of ilmen- ite-magnetite solid solution. The protoliths of the rocks are intra-plate basic and intermediate ig- neous rocks, of which the geochemical features indicate that they are probably the products of the evolution of basic magma deriving from the continental lithosphere mantle. The rocks are in outcrops associated with ultrahigh pressure garnet-bearing lherzolite and ultrahigh pressure garnet granitoid gneiss. All of these data suggest that the ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Altyn Tagh are the products of deep-subduction of the continental crust, and such deep- subduction probably reaches to >200 km in depth. This may provide new evidence for further discussion of the dynamic mechanism of the formation and evolvement of the Altyn Tagh and the other collision orogenic belts in western China. | LIU Liang1,3, CHEN Danling1, ZHANG Anda1, SUN Yong1, WANG Yan1, YANG Jiaxi1,2 & LUO Jinhai1 1. Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Education of China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China 2. College of Earth Science and Land Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China 3. The Laboratory of Orogen and Basin of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 38 |
| 3 | Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids显示文摘Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a universal process with irreplaceable biological and environmental importance in anoxic environments. Our knowledge about Fe(Ⅲ) reduction predominantly comes from pure cultures of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reducing bacteria (DFRB). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and a selection of short organic acids (citrate, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, and formate) on Fe(Ⅲ) reduction via the anaerobic culture of three paddy soil solutions with Fe(OH)3 as the sole electron acceptor. The results showed significant differences in Fe(Ⅲ) reduction among the three paddy soil solutions and substrate types. Bacteria from the Sichuan paddy soil responded quickly to substrate supply and showed higher Fe(Ⅲ) reducing activity than the other two soil types. Bacteria in the Jiangxi paddy soil culture solution could not use propionate as a source of electrons for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. Similarly, bacteria in the Jilin paddy soil culture could not use succinate effectively. Pyruvate was readily used by cultures from all three paddy soil solutions, thus indicating that there were some similarities in substrate utilization by bacteria for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The use of glucose and citrate as substrate for dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction indicates important ecological implications for this type of anoxic respiration. | HE Jiangzhou1,2, QU Dong1, 1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.2. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 843300, China | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，9： | 24 |
| 4 | Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan Basin,southwest China显示文摘As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,China. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2) the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt. | TANG LiangJie1,2,3,YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2,3,L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,China University of Petroleum,Ministry of Education,Beijing 102249,China 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 18 |
| 5 | Simulation of influence of multi-defects on long-term working performance of high arch dam显示文摘As an integrated structure,an arch dam is assumed to bear loads in its design consideration.However,multi-defects,such as cracks and the opening of transverse joints,are unavoidable during construction and operation.Multi-defects will reduce the structural integrity and stiffness of the dam and affect its working performance and degree of safety.In the current paper,a numerical model of defects and a simulation method of a high arch dam are introduced.The Chencun arch dam is analyzed as a case study.An entire course simulation analysis of the Chencun arch dam from construction to operation is carried out,through which the opening of the transverse and longitudinal joints,formation of cracks,and their influence on deformation and stress of the dam are studied.According to the results of the analysis,appropriate measures should be adopted to prevent the development of cracks,and observation should be strengthened for a more timely discovery of risks. | ZHANG GuoXin ,LIU Yi,ZHENG CuiYing & FENG Fan State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，S1： | 17 |
| 6 | Cyclic Sequences, Events and Evolution of the Sino-Korean Plate, with a Discussion on the Evolution of Molar-tooth Carbonates, Phosphorites and Source Rocks显示文摘This paper gives an account of the research that the authors conducted on the cyclic sequences, events and evolutionary history from Proterozoic to Meso-Cenozoic in the Sino-Korean plate based on the principle of the Cosmos-Earth System. The authors divided this plate into 20 super-cyclic or super-mega-cyclic periods and more than 100 Oort periods. The research focused on important sea flooding events, uplift interruption events, tilting movement events, molar-tooth carbonate events, thermal events, polarity reversal events, karst events, volcanic explosion events and storm events, as well as types of resource areas and paleotectonic evolution. By means of the isochronous theory of the Cosmos-Earth System periodicity and based on long-excentricity and periodicity, the authors elaborately studied the paleogeographic evolution of the aulacogen of the Sino-Korean plate, the oolitic beach platform formation, the development of foreland basin and continental rift valley basin, and reconstructed the evolution of tectonic paleogeography and stratigraphic framework in the Sino-Korean plate in terms of evolutionary maps. Finally, the authors gave a profound discussion on the formation and development of molar-tooth carbonates, phosphorites and source rocks. | MENG Xianghua and GE MingInstitute of Sedimentary Basin, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 E-mail: mengxh@cugb.edu.cn Liu Xinzhu and Zhu Xiling | 2003 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2003，77，3： | 17 |
| 7 | Distribution characteristics and petroleum geological significance of the Silurian asphaltic sandstones in Tarim Basin显示文摘The Tarim Basin is a typical superimposed basin in which there have occurred mul-tiphase adjustment and destruction of the reservoirs. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones of the Silurian are the very product after destruction of the reservoirs. Studies show that the Silu-rian asphaltic sandstones distributed in both the middle and western parts on the basin are con-trolled chiefly by the Caledonian oil source area and by the Tazhong, Tabei and Bachu uplifts, whereas the distribution of the asphaltic sandstones on local structural belts is controlled by the reservoirs sedimentary system. Vertically, most of the asphaltic sandstones are under the re-gional caprock of red mudstones and the upper sandstone section of compact lithology. Due to the difference of hydrocarbon destruction in the early stage and the influence of hydrocarbon recharge in the late stage, the asphaltic sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in the Tazhong area can be vertically divided into the upper and lower sections and they have an interactive distribution relationship as well. Asphaltic sandstones exist not only in intergranular pores but also inside the grains of sand and between the crevices, proving the destruction of early reser-voirs due to uplifting. The existence of asphaltic sandstones over a large area reveals that the large-scale migration and accumulation and the subsequent destruction of hydrocarbons in the Craton area. The destruction caused a loss of the reserve resources of the Palaeozoic amount-ing to nearly 13.3 billion tons. Asphaltic sandstones formed after the destruction of oil and gas may serve as an effective caprock which is beneficial to accumulation of hydrocarbons and for-mation of the pool sealed by asphaltic sandstones in the later stage. The destruction of the early Silurian hydrocarbons depends on the stratigraphic burial depth. The deep part under the north-ern slope of Tazhong is an area favorable to search of undestroyed Silurian oil reservoirs. | ZHANG Jun1,2, PANG Xiongqi1,2, LIU Luofu1,2, JIANG Zhenxue1,2 & LIU Yunhong3 1. Basin and Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of the Ministry of Education, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 3. Korla Research Institute of Geophysics, Bureau of Geophysics Prospecting, Korla 841000, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z2： | 15 |
| 8 | Canopy and leaf gas exchange of Haloxylon ammodendron under different soil moisture regimes显示文摘In order to reveal the drought resistance and adaptation of the C4 desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron under artificially controlled soil moisture regimes,representative plants were selected to measure canopy photosynthesis using canopy photosynthetic measurement system.The results showed that appropriate soil moisture significantly enhances the canopy and leaf photosynthetic capacity,and extremely high soil moisture is not conducive to the photosynthesis of H.ammodendron. | GAO Song,SU PeiXi,YAN QiaoDi & DING SongShuang Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Laboratory,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 15 |
| 9 | Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold belt,northern Tarim basin显示文摘The salt beds of Lower Tertiary developed in the mid-segment of Kuqa foreland fold belt, northern Tarim basin. They considerably controlled structural deformation of the belt. Ac- cording to the field observation, seismic profile interpretation and drilling data, three different structural styles of supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt occurred in the Kuqa foreland fold belt. Su- pra-salt structural styles mainly include thrust faults and fault-related sags. Intra-slat structural styles essentially are salt-pillows, intra-salt faults and folds, and salt weld structures. Sub-salt structural styles mainly consist of imbricated thrust faults, duplex structures, pop-up and fault-related folds. It is indicated that great differences exist among supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt structures of Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt-related structures were formed in the same structural stress field. The dynamic mechanism of the salt-related structures is mainly associated with gravitation, compression and plastic flow of salt beds. | TANG Liangjie1,2, JIA Chengzao3, PI Xuejun4, CHEN Suping1,2, WANG Zhiyu5, XIE Huiwen4 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry, Beijing 102249, China 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 3. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, China 4. Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina Company Ltd., Kurle 841000, China 5. Department of Geology, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，10： | 12 |
| 10 | Petroleum Migration Direction of the Silurian Paleo-pools in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China显示文摘摘要:在这份报纸获得的结果显示 carbazole 类型混合物有高热的稳定性并且也在氧化和简历降级显示出稳定性。这种混合物仍然在分析干燥沥青样品有高集中和完全的分发,证明他们在学习 paleo 水池的石油移植是特别地有用的。在期间盆在在 Tarim 盆的 Tazhong 和 Tabei 区域的志留纪的油气体水池形成是第一阶段的(在志留纪时期的结束) 并且在 Awati 区域的秒阶段(在里面二叠) ,石油经历了长途的迁居。在志留纪的结束在在 Tazhong 的志留纪 paleo 水池的形成期间高举,石油主要在 Manjiaer 来自更低、中间的寒武纪的来源岩石下垂。石油向首先在 Tazhong 进入志留纪水库床的西南南方移居了。然后,它进一步沿着结构的带的高度从西北在志留纪以内移居了到东南到在 Tazhong 的志留纪 pinchout 边界的区域。在 Tabei 高举,在期间水池形成第一阶段,石油也从在 Manjiaer 的更低、中间的寒武纪的来源岩石下垂。它移植了西北进入在 Tabei 的志留纪水库床第一高举,然后迁居在志留纪水库以内在一样的方向继续,最后,石油在更高的位置被套住。在在志留纪的秒阶段水池形成期间,在在 Awati 附近的区域的床下垂,石油主要在 Awati 来自降低中间的寒武纪的来源岩石下垂。石油通过主要路径在 sag 附近在所有方向从产生中心移居了到志留纪水库,并且石油最后在更高的地点被套住。 | LIU Luofu ZHAO Yande HUO Hong CHEN Lixin CHEN Yuanzhuang ZHAO Suping LI Chao LI Shuangwen GUO Yongqiang LI Yan Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the China University of Petroleum,Ministry of Education Basin and Reservoir Research Center, China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249, China | 2008 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2008，82，1： | 12 |
| 11 | 引江济太应急调水改善太湖水源地水质效果分析显示文摘2007年4月底,太湖蓝藻大规模暴发,对无锡市供水造成了严重威胁。为缓解供水危机,启动了应急响应机制,引江济太应急调水10.04亿m3,有效缓解了无锡供水危机。实践证明,实施引江济太有利于改善太湖水质和河网水环境、水生态,提高流域水资源和水环境承载能力。 | Taihu Basin Authority,Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province,Environment Protection Bureau of Jiangsu Province | 2007 | 中国水利2007，，17： | 8 |
| 12 | Poly-phase salt tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim superimposed basin,northwest China显示文摘The purpose of this paper is to discuss the poly-phase salt tectonics and its relation to the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Tarim superimposed basin. Several salt sequences are developed in the Tarim basin, they are: (1) the Mid-Early Cambrian salt sequence, mainly distributed in the west part of the north Tarim uplift and Keping uplift; (2) the Early Carboniferous salt sequence, mainly distributed in the south slope of the north Tarim uplift; (3) the Paleogene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the mid-west part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt and north Tarim uplift; and (4) the Miocene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the east part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt sequences deposited in the tectonically calm scenario, while the salt layers deformed during the period of intense tectonism. Although the salt sequences are characteristic of plastic flow, the differences of salt deformation styles exist in the different salt sequences be-cause of the different deformation mechanism. It is attractive that the distribution of the large oil-gas fields or pools has a bearing upon the salt sequences and salt structures, such as the Tahe oilfield related to the Lower Carboniferous salt sequence and laterally facies changed mudstone, the Kela No.2 gas field to the Paleogene salt structures, and the Dina gas field to the Miocene salt structures. It is indicated that the large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation is con-trolled by the poly-phase salt sequences and structures. The deep analysis of the poly-phase salt tectonics is helpful to understanding the characteristics of the structural deformation and oil-gas accumulation of the Tarim basin. | TANG Liangjie1,2, JIN Zhijun1’3, JIAChengzao1’4, Pl Xuejun5 & CHEN Suping1,2 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry, Beijing 102249, China 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 3. Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China 4. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, China 5. Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina Company Ltd., Korla 841000, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z2： | 7 |
| 13 | Stochastic modelling of soil moisture dynamics in a grassland of Qilian Mountain at point scale显示文摘Stochastic modeling of soil moisture dynamics is crucial to the quantitative understanding of plant responses to water stresses,hydrological control of nutrient cycling processes,water competition among plants,and some other ecological dynamics,and thus has become a hotspot in ecohydrology at present.In this paper,we based on the continuously monitored data of soil moisture during 2002―2005 and daily precipitation date of 1992―2006,and tried to make a probabilistic analysis of soil moisture dynamics at point scale in a grassland of Qilian Mountain by integrating the stochastic model improved by Laio and the Monte Carlo method.The results show that the inter-annual variations for the soil moisture patterns at different depths are very significant,and that the coefficient of variance(CV) of surface soil moisture(20 cm) is almost continually kept at about 0.23 whether in the rich or poor rainy years.Interestingly,it has been found that the maximal CV of soil moisture has not always appeared at the surface layer.Comparison of the analytically derived soil moisture probability density function(PDF) with the statistical distribution of the observed soil moisture data suggests that the stochastic model can reasonably describe and predict the soil moisture dynamics of the grassland in Qilian Mountain at point scale.By extracting the statistical information of the historical precipitation data in 1994―2006,and inputting them into the stochastic model,we analytically derived the long-term soil moisture PDF without considering the inter-annual climate fluctuations,and then numerically derived the one when considering the inter-annual fluctuation effects in combination with a Monte-Carlo procedure.It was found that,though the peak position of the probability density distribution significantly moved towards drought when considering the disturbance forces,and its width was narrowed,accordingly its peak value was increased,no significant bimodality was observed in the soil moisture dynamics under the given intensity of random fluctuation disturbance. | LIU Hu,ZHAO WenZhi HE ZhiBin & ZHANG LiJie Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Laboratory of Watershed Hydrology and Ecol-ogy,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，12： | 7 |
| 14 | Late stage thermal history of the Songliao Basin and its tectonic implications: Evidence from apatite fission track (AFT) analyses显示文摘Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data from the Songliao Basin indicates that the late stage tectonic movements in the Songliao Basin have zoning in space and episodes in time. The late stage tectonic movements started from the east part of the basin and migrated westward. AFT ages in the east part of the basin are older than those in the west part of the basin, suggesting that the uplift occurred earlier in the east than in the west. The denudation thickness in the east part of the basin is significantly greater than that in the centre and west. The thermal history evolved two episodes of rapid cooling and subsequent slow cooling processes. Age-depth relationship derived from the AFT data indicates a four-episode denudation history. Further Monte Carlo random simulation of the AFT data reveals the four changing points of the thermal evolution at 65 Ma, 43.5 Ma, 28 Ma and 15 Ma, respectively. The uplifting and denudation rates from different episodes of evolution are proportional to the plate convergence rate. Based on the above analyses and the regional geologic background, it is concluded that the late stage thermal events in the Songliao Basin are the far field response to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The first episode of the rapid cooling probably started at the end of the Nenjiang Formation, climaxed at the end of the Cretaceous and ceased at the Late Eocene. The subsequent slow cooling lasts another 15 Ma. The first episode of the evolution is the far field response to the major episode of the Yanshan Movement and subsequent series of the tectonic reorganization, especially the directional change of the Pacific Movement and also the subduction of the Indian Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. While the second episode of the evolution is the far field response to the extension and closure of the Sea of Japan. Extension led to the migration and converging of the mantle heat flow to the Sea of Japan and resulted in the rapid cooling of the Songliao Basin. | XIANG CaiFu1,2?, FENG ZhiQiang3, PANG XiongQi1,2, WU HeYong3 & LI JunHong1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2 Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China University of Petroleum, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102249, China 3 Prospecting and Exploration Institute of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163458, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，10： | 6 |
| 15 | Runoff of the upper Yellow River above Tangnag: characteristics, evolution and changing trends显示文摘Runoff and its evolution, based on hydrometeorological data from surface measurement stations, are analyzed for the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag. Some mathematical statistical models, for example, Period Extrapolation-Gradual Regression Model, Grey Topology Forecast Model and Box-Jinkins Model, are applied in predicting changing trends on the runoff. The analysis indicates that the runoff volume in the upper Yellow River above Tangnag is ending a period of extended minimum flows. Increasing runoff is expected in the coming years. | LAN Yong-chao1, KANG Er-si1, MA Quan-jie2, ZHANG Ji-shi1, CHEN Ren-sheng1 (1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Upper Yellow River Basin, L | 2001 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2001，11，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Boiling process of low temperature formation water in petroleum system, Qaidam Basin显示文摘FOLLOWING the study of Roedder et al., boiling fluid inclusions are identified in oil reservoir ofQaidam Basin. This paper reports the general characteristics of the boiling fluid inclusions, analyzes theconditions for the formation water to boil at low temperature, and discusses the relation between the boiling process and the oil/gas accumulation. 1 General features Boiling fluid inclusions are minute records of the immiscibility process of subterranean hydrothermalfluids, which are generally composed of different types trapped simultaneously. They are observed mostlyin magmatic hydrothermal mineral deposits. In sedimentary basins, the boiling process was only found inMVT. The discovery of boiling fluid inclusions in Qaidam Basin is of great significance to | HU Wenxuan~1, JIN Zhijun~2, QIU Nansheng~2, FU Qi~1, LU Xiancai~1 and SUN Rui~1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2. Basin and Reservoir Reseach Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 5 |
| 17 | Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province显示文摘Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Caledonian tectonic movement. Even so,this paper further discussed its reliability from the view of the source rock evolution and also the local tectonic evolution. | XIANG CaiFu1,2,TANG LiangJie1,2,LI RuFeng1,2 & PANG XiongQi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 4 |
| 18 | Important progress on the use of isotope techniques and methods in catchment hydrology显示文摘The use of isotope techniques and methods in catchment hydrology in the last 50 years has generated two major types of progress: (1) Assessment of the temporal variations of the major stocks and flows of water in catchments, from which the estimation of wa-ter residence times is introduced in this paper. (2) Assessment of catchment hydrologic processes, in which the interactions be-tween different waters, hydrographical separation, and bio-geochemical process are described by using isotopes tracers. Future progress on isotope techniques and methods in hydrology is toward the understanding of the hydrological process in large river basins. Much potential also waits realization in terms of how isotope information may be used to calibrate and test distributed rainfall-runoff models and regarding aid in the quantification of sustainable water resources management. | JinKui Wu 1,2, YongJian Ding 1, BaiSheng Ye 1, QiYue Yang 3, Zhi Wei 1 1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Re-search Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. 2. Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany. 3. College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. | 2009 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2009，1，3： | 4 |
| 19 | Responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forests to hydrologic process in Ejina oasis显示文摘By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology and the technology of GIS and RS, a study has been carried out on the responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forest to hydrologic process on the basis of the hydrologic data from 1990 to 2000 and the TM image of 2001 year. The results showed that: (1) there appears an even distribution pattern for the relative forest area in oasis, however, the degenerated forest diaplays an increasing tendency from west to east; (2) the desert riparian forest in Ejina is in completely degenerated process at the patch scale; (3) the number of patch is influenced not only by hydrologic process,but also by agricultural activity such as cultivation. The severe deterioration of the degraded vegetation in whole oasis initiates from lower reaches, and gradually impels to upstream; the fragmentation of landscape in the terminal site is more obvious, which is influenced by river shape and decreasing flux of water. It is found that the influence of surface hydrologic process to the ground hydrologic process of desert riparian forest in Ejina oasis is little for the recent ten years. The relative area of the degenerated forest increased with increasing ground water depth in the direction of parallel to river channel. On the contrary, in the direction perpendicular to river channel, there is a decreasing tendency for the average patch area of the forest and the degenerated forest with increasing ground water depth. | ZHAO Wenzhi, CHANG Xueli & HE ZhibinLinze Inland River Basin Comprehensive Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Yantai Normal University, Yantai 264005, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 4 |
| 20 | Origin and accumulation of the oils from Bamianhe Oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China显示文摘Utilizing basic principles and methodologies of geology and organic geochemistry, kinetics of hydrocarbons generation and accumulation, quantitative assessment of crude oils sourced from different source rocks, and hydrocarbons migration pathways for the oils from the Bamianhe Oilfield, the Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China are discussed. Results of oil-rock corre-lation showed that the oils were mainly derived from Es4 member (with buried depth >2700 m) of Niuzhuang and Guangli Sags within normal oil window though there is a little amount of mixed immature oils. Quantification of mixed oils with different sources indicated that mature oils ac-count for about 80% of the total oils discovered and immature oils for only 20%. Migration of the oils sourced from the sags is controlled by predominant hydrocarbons migration passages de-termined by faults, unformalities and favored sandstone reservoir. Results of the origin and mi-gration models for the oils have been recently further testified by considerable quantity of oils discovered in the Bamianhe area, which is obviously playing an important role in guiding further oil exploration. | PANG Xiongqi1,2, LI Sumei1,2, JIN Zhijun3, LI Maowen4, LI Pilong5 , LI Xue5 & BAI Guoping1,2 1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102249, China 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 3. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation Institute, Beijing 100083, China 4. Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary T2L 2A7, Canada 5. Shengli Petroleum Exploration Bureau, Dongying 257015, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z2： | 4 |
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