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| 1 | Marine Green Algae as a Supplement for Chlorophyll and Other Nutrients in Vigna Radiata under UV-C Radiation-Induced Stress显示文摘 | Rafia Azmat Hajra Nasreen | 2010 | Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering2010，4，5： | 0 |
| 2 | A natural chemical technology for reducing fluoridation through chloride contents in muscles of fish显示文摘 | Rafia Azmat | 2009 | Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering2009，3，8： | 0 |
| 3 | 第13届亚洲化学大会论文摘要——Spectrokinetics Study of Probable Interaction of Diverse Inorganic Material Ions on Bleaching of Dye显示文摘 | AZMAT Rafia | 2010 | 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版)2010，，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Kinetics of Reduction of Thionine with Ribose and the Structural Properties of the Dye at Different pH Using DFT Method显示文摘在 thionine (Th ) 和核糖之间的反应 spectrophotometrically 被观察,在 Th 的吸收度的变化在染料, reductant 和 pH 的可变集中被记录。一假反应的第一顺序率被发现建立染料的减小动力学,在 0.34 ~ 12.8 的一个 pH 范围学习了。在不同 pH 的 Th 的吸收光谱,与显示出的核糖一个 pH (12.8 ) 依赖者内向。减小最可能在高 pH 与糖中间的 enediol 发生了。Th 的占优势的种类的完整的几何学优化也就是,在低、高的 pH, mono-deprotonated, di-deprotonated Th,和 LTh (leuco thionine ) 分别地在理论的 B3LYP 水平被执行。从精力最小化获得的数据在对另外的试验性、理论的观察的优秀同意。为两减小反应(mono-deprotonated Th+H+leucothionine 和 di-deprotonated Th+2H+leucothionine ) 的形成的计算热含量在高 pH 为染料的最大的减小提供了证据。 | Ahmed, Khalid Azmat, Rafia Uddin, Fahim Fatmi, M. Qaiser | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2011，29，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Pre-oxidative catalytic treatment of toluidine blue with potassium permanganate in acidic solution显示文摘This article describes the potential of KMnO4 for oxidation of the thiazine dye(Toluidine blue TB)in an acidic medium.The effect of different operational parameters like initial concentration of dye,potassium permanganate,pH,ionic strength,catalyst,acids and temperature were investigated spectrophotometrically at λ_(max)=613 nm.The results showed a complete removal of the TB with mineralization of the dye solution.Smooth and complete decoloration was observed in the presence of monobasic acid(HCl)as compared to the H_(2)SO_(4) where little color removal was observed.Pb was found to be an effective catalyst in oxidation for complete and fast decolorization with mineralization.No significant change at elevated temperatures showed that an intermediate complex degraded with slight change in the temperature.UV/visible spectrophotometry and GC mass analysis showed an intermediate activated complex demethylated sulophooxide of TB which later on degraded into smaller fragments. | Rafia AZMAT Faryal Vali MOHAMMED Tehseen AHMED Qurat-ul-Ain TANWIR | 2011 | Frontiers of Chemistry in China2011，6，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Thionine sensitized areobic photooxidation of thiourea in acidic medium显示文摘An investigation of the thionine sensitized aerobic photooxidation of thiourea was observed spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 598 nm.Articles reported two types of reactions which generally occur in the presence of oxygen:1)Singlet oxygen,produced by dye sensitization due to the hydrolysis that reacts with thiourea to form oxidative products like urea and other sulfur-containing fragments and 2)bleaching of dye,which leads to the reduction.The rate of reaction in all studied parameters followed first order kinetics with respect to maximum absorption of the dye in the visible band region.Reaction kinetics was significantly dependent upon the medium and the reaction accelerated more rapidly at low pH.A direct relation was exhibited between the thiourea concentration and dye sensitizer,which was not pragmatic with the concentration of dye.The reaction was effected by the temperature,and the values of energy parameters suggested that the energy of activation was low while the entropy of activation increases with the rise in temperature,which indicated a highly solvated state of intermediate complex.Lower value of ΔH* and ΔG*at elevated temperature showed that free energy is the driving force for the completion of reaction.A mechanism based on the above findings has been suggested. | Rafia AZMAT Nida SALEEM | 2011 | Frontiers of Chemistry in China2011，6，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Spectrokinetics study of probable effects of diverse inorganic ions on bleaching of dye显示文摘Toluidine blue(TB)is an important anticoagulant metachromasia molecule showing a pronounced variation in the visible spectrum due to the aggregation phenomenon and electrostatic interaction with the charged synthetic and biologic polymers.The current study describes the interactive role of diverse inorganic material ions on the bleaching of toluidine blue(tolonium chloride)(TB^(+))with urea in acidic and basic media using the spectrophotometric technique.The spectra of TB and urea with different cations and anions were monitored and their characteristic features are presented here.The negative effect of added cations on reduction may be the result of altered electron pathways which led to suppression of the reduction/bleaching of TB,while a slight decrease in dye reduction by added anions may be due to the scavenging of the OH*radical.It has been observed in the case of Co^(2+)that in addition to the electron-transfer reaction,other processes like layer and precipitate formation also appear to be taking place.The dye bleaching process followed pseudo first order kinetics with respect to TB,urea,and H^(+)ion,whereas significant decoloration in the presence of urea proved that reductants control the redox reaction.No decoloration in acidic medium with diverse ions was seen compared to alkaline media,showing that water pH played an important role in the bleaching of dye.The reduction/bleaching of dye was investigated at different temperatures,and energy parameters were evaluated for a TB^(+)-Urea reaction,including the energy of activation(Ea=39.60 kJ·mol^(–1)),enthalpy of activation(ΔH#=34 kJ$mol^(–1)),entropy of activation(ΔS#=146.5 kJ mol^(–1)·K^(–1)),and free energy of activation(ΔG*=–52.35 kJ·mol^(–1)).A mechanism of interaction of diverse ions in dye bleaching and a mechanism of reduction based on the above findings is proposed. | Rafia AZMAT Masooda QADRI Fahim UDDIN | 2011 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2011，5，1： | 0 |
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